"Changing the Style of Words"
Liu Yong was a well-known lyricist in the two Song Dynasties, and his words were marketed among elegant scholars and ordinary people, and before his death, he formed the grand situation of "where there is well water to drink, that is, he can sing willow words" (Ye Mengde's "Summer Record").
Because he did not achieve a certain social status during his lifetime, Liu Yong, a literary master, was excluded from the "Biography of Song Shi Wenyuan" by later historians, so his birth and death years are not reliably recorded in the history books. Mr. Tang Guizhang, an expert on Song poetry, determined that he was born in 987 and died around 1054. The History of Literature of the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences sets his birth and death years as 1004-1054. Liu Yong's original name was Three Changes, the character Qi Qing, ranking seventh, so people also called him Liu Qi, Liu San Change, Liu Qi Qing. He was born into a family of eunuchs in Wufuli, Chong'an County, Fujian Province. His father Liu Yi was the overseer of imperial history during the Southern Tang Dynasty, and after entering the Song Dynasty, he ascended to the throne in the second year of Emperor Taizong's reign (985) and was appointed as a servant of the Ministry of Works. This kind of family birth determined that he had to follow the path of entering the army like his father and brother. He failed the exam three times, and wrote a poem "Crane Rushing to the Sky" to vent his anger:
On the gold list, I even lost the dragon's hope. Ming Dynasty temporary widows, how to? Attempted storm, scramble or not? Why talk about mourning. Talented word people, since they are white-clad Qingxiang! Fireworks alley strange, according to the Jordan green barrier. Fortunately, I have a crush on my heart and can be searched for. And snuggled red and green, affairs, peace and happiness. Youth is paid. Shinobi put the floating name and changed it to a shallow low singing.
Liu Yong, who was born into a family of officials and eunuchs for generations, used to "travel a lot of narrow and evil" in kaifeng, the capital, when he was a teenager, and also "a song of praise for obscenity", and the failure of the examination hall not only did not make him restrain, but he was even more proud to think of himself as a "white-clothed Qingqing" and despise the "floating name" of the official field with the floating "shallow and low singing". It is said that once he passed the examination, he was deposed by Song Renzong when he was about to release the list, and the Song ren Wu Zeng's "Records of Being Able to Change the Zhai" recorded: "Emperor Renzong paid attention to Confucianism, kept his own reasoning, and deeply rebuked the floating and vain text." In the beginning, Jin Shi Liu San changed into a song of obscenity and spread in all directions. Taste the "Crane Rushing to the Sky" word cloud: "Endure the floating name, change the light drink and sing low." And before the release of the list, special fall, said: "And go to the shallow and low singing, why should you float your name!" He did not ascend until the first year (1034) of Emperor Jingyou of Song, when he was already a forty-seven-year-old man.
He now has a volume of the "Collection of Movements", with 206 poems, and another 6 pieces of foreign words, coexisting 212 pieces, and the two major themes that run through these works are: erotic love and eunuch bondage. Most of the erotic words are the works of his former jinshi, and the eunuch words are mainly composed by him in his old age. People often reduce the former to vulgar words and the latter to ya words.
Writing erotic love seems to be a patent assigned to words, a "Collection of Flowers" is almost all aria love or pornography, the late Tang Dynasty five generations Wen Tingjun, Wei Zhuang and other people are masters of writing erotic love, Ouyang Xiu, Yan Shu, Yan Jidao are also experts in describing the wind and moon. However, why is only Liu Yong's erotic words the target of public criticism? This is because Liu Yong's glamorous words present another mood and another style. Wen Tingjun's erotic words are a kind of poetic characters and emotions, the product of the idealization of feudal scholars, and the characters and emotions in the words are smeared with a strong aristocratic color, so the beauty in the words is not only the country, but also the emotions in the words are elegant, such as Zhang Xian's [drunken whip]:
Double butterfly embroidered Luo skirt, East Pond Feast, first meeting. Vermilion powder is not deep and even, idle flowers are light spring. Look closely at all the good, humane, willow waist. Yesterday was chaotic, and when I came, I was dressed in clouds.
Such as Yan Shu [Butterfly Love Flower]:
Sills juju wept bitterly. Luo Mu was lightly cold, and the swallows flew away. Mingyue did not understand the pain of parting, and the oblique light reached Xiao to wear Zhu Hu. Last night the westerly wind withered the trees. Independent high-rise buildings, looking at the end of the world. Want to send a color note and a ruler, where do you know the mountains and rivers?
Such as Yan Dao [Partridge Heaven]:
The color sleeves were earnestly holding the jade bell, but they were drunk and red. Dance low willow lou heart moon, sing the peach blossom fan bottom wind. After parting, reminiscing about each other. How many times have the soul dreamed of juntong? Tonight I left the silver to shine, and I was afraid that I would meet like i was in a dream.
Another example is Yan Dao [Linjiang Immortal]:
After the dream, the platform is locked high, the curtain is hanging low, but when the hatred came last spring, the flower fallen people were independent, and the micro swifts flew twice. I remember Xiao Ping's first sight, two heavy heart words Luo Yi, pipa strings said acacia, when the bright moon was there, once illuminated the clouds.
Another example is Ouyang Xiu [Nan Gezi]:
Phoenix bun gold mud belt, dragon pattern jade palm comb. Walking under the window, smiling and supporting each other, I love to say ' thrush depth into the time no'. Get the pen snuggled up for a long time, and try to draw flowers at the beginning. Waiting for the idle embroidery work, he smiled and asked ' how to make a book for the word double mandarin duck'?
The characters in Liu Yongyan's words are not as elegant and elegant and spotless as this, but some ordinary people in the city, reflecting the emotions and tastes of the people in the city. They do not have lofty life goals, magnificent instruments, talk is not elegant, emotions are also very mediocre, some are even vulgar and shallow, but they do not know what is pretense, let alone pretend to be Sven to show off the style, but enthusiastically taste the bitterness of life, truly enjoy the world's male and female love, showing a strong secular civic atmosphere. Such as [Fixed Storm Wave]:
Since the spring, the miserable green is sad and red, and the heart is cocoa. The sun is on the top of the flowers, the warblers wear willow ribbons, and the incense is pressed. Warm and crispy, greasy clouds. Weary and wrapped all day. Nothing. Once the hatred is gone, there is no sound book. I knew it earlier, regretted it in the beginning, and did not lock the saddle of the carving. Toward the chicken window, only with the barbarian note elephant pipe, bound to teach bard lessons. The town follows, and Mo throws away. Needle and thread idle with Yi sitting. And I, lest I be young and have time wasted.
"Cocoa", the original meaning is hazy and vague, here refers to the vagueness of the heart, and it does not matter to anything. "Crisp" refers to a woman's crispy breasts. "Greasy clouds" refers to women's jet-black hair. "Nothing", helpless. The chicken window is the book window. The "Youming Record" says: "Jin Yanzhou Thorn Shi Peiguo Song Chuzong tasted to buy a long singing chicken, loved to raise even, and constantly caged between the windows." The chicken is a human language, talks with the Emperor, is extremely wise, and never quits all day long. As a result, Emperor Chuzong made great progress in his words. "Later generations used the chicken window as a synonym for the study. Tang Luoyin's "Title Yuan Xi Zhang Yiren's Residence": "The chicken window quietly opens the scroll at night, and the fish sill spring is deeply displayed for fishing." "Barbarian note", the colored paper produced in ancient Shudi is called the barbarian note.
This poem does not have a little talent for poetry appreciation, but also lacks elegant and implicit interest, full of ordinary and even vulgar mood, "town follows, mo throw away, needle and thread idle with Yi sitting" is the highest ideal of women's life in the word, but it embodies the kind and kind life requirements of small citizens. This kind of interest in the words was undoubtedly dismissed by the self-styled and elegant scholars, and Zhang Shunmin's "Record of Paintings" recorded such a story: "Liu Sanchang used words to honor Renzong, and the officials did not let go of the officials." Three changes can not be tolerated, the government. Yan Gong (Shu) said: 'Is Xianjun composing music?' The Three Transformations: "Only as Xiang Gong also composes music." Gong Yue: "Although the composer composed the music, he did not say "the color line is lazy and accompanied by Yi sitting" "The willow is retreating." ”
Let's take another song about male emotions:
There is a person who is really envious. Asked feigned back to the face. If you have no intention of others, you will see each other frequently in your dreams. It is better to smell early but wish. Don't make people confused. The intestines are not strong, only afraid of being pulled off by Yi.
"Everyone", a nickname for a loved one, mostly refers to women. "True envy", it is really worth going to admire. "Pretending", pretending. "Go back to the face", turn back, and turn your face away. "Smell early", early. "Still go to the wish", return the wish.
The song is written about the male unrequited love. The first film writes that he is self-made and sentimental, and the next film writes about his pain and desire. The gist of the word is: There is a beautiful child who is really worth pursuing, and every time she talks to her for an excuse, she turns her head and ignores me. Looking at her shyness seemed to be a little interesting to me (in fact, it was his misunderstanding, the girl rejected him). Isn't it? If she has no love for me in her heart, why does she come to my dreams every night? This infatuated person describes the daily dreaming of others as someone else coming to him. Since the meeting with me in my dreams every day has caused me to be fascinated, it is better to marry me early but this wish is calculated, I am obsessed with sex, I can no longer stand your test, and then drag on my intestines will be cut off by you. There are no lofty ideals and grand ambitions, only hope to live with the people they like for a lifetime. In the eyes of the scholars and doctors who aspired to kuangshi and the country, this is naturally a mediocre idea that has no intention of coming out, but it is the true feeling of thousands of ordinary people. The language is simple and straightforward, and it has a young man's personality.
Liu Yong even nakedly depicts the scene of male and female love, highly affirming the basic rights of human psychology and physiology. In this respect, he is completely different from the hypocrisy of the scholar, who only allows himself to blatantly possess women for pleasure, but on the surface pretends to be moral, they can do so but do not allow others to say so, and even attack the vulgarity of the people who normally describe the love of men and women. Such as Liu Yong's [Chrysanthemum New]:
If you want to cover up the incense, first pick up the double moth and worry about the short night. Urge the young man to go to sleep first, and the mandarin will be warm. The stubble was filled with residual needle and thread. Unravel the robes, unlimited emotions. Keep the tent headlights and look at Yi Jiao's face from time to time.
We do not see anything obscene in this song, but only the warmth of men and women and the bold enjoyment of the happiness of love. It is not the same as currently popular magazines and pornographic novels. Another example is [Town West]:
There is a person in mind, Fang Yan twenty-eight. Naturally pretty, self-indulgent. The most amazing thing is when smiling, deep in charm, delicate, repeatedly snuggled, and repeatedly smooth. Long overdue. In the night of the soul, especially the flowers are snowy. It's like the old home season. Rejoicing. Aroused by the neighbor's chicken, a lonely, sleepless to the evening, there is a half window of the moon.
(This book was published by Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House in August 2019, distributed by Guomai Culture Media, and all printed on light paper imported from Finland.) It is available in Dangdang, JD.com, and Tmall. ）
