Life is upside down, and the heart ape is careless. "Collection of Movements", watching without rest. Escape, repentance, practice transcendence. Senna style, natural development.
Forty-seven, Hui Guang Chongwu. The taste in the word is in line with the Word. A clear sentence, it will be fully understood, and the qi Qing will speak the song. Willow shore, dawn wind and moon.
This poem "Xie Peiling Loves to See Liu Ci, Sui Cheng" is written by Wang Zhe of the Jin Dynasty, who is the founder of the Taoist Quanzhen Sect, Wang Chongyang. The "Collection of Movements" is a collection of works by the Song Dynasty poet Liu Yong, with a total of 212 songs, of which 133 are erotic works.
Liu Yong made pioneering contributions to the development of Song Ci, but "words under the dust", "longer than yan fiber words" and "thin in conduct", were denigrated by scholars, and the imperial examination was repeatedly defeated, and after barely succeeding in his 50s (generally believed to be 48 years old), his career was also sluggish, and finally he became a Tuntian member of the foreign lang, and the "History of Song" did not even establish a biography for him.
Xu Du of the Song Dynasty said in the "Gap Sweeping Compilation": "Liu Yongqiqing became famous for his lyrics to the Renzong Dynasty... There are many miscellaneous words, so the laymen are particularly happy. Later, the Dukes of Ousu continued to appear, the literary style changed, to the lyrics, the system was elegant, and the works of the Liu clan were no longer called in the mouth of the scribes, but the customs were good and self-assured. ”
The Song people believed that Liu Yong's character and creation were insignificant, so why did Wang Chongyang push it? Why do practitioners "look at the Collection of Movements endlessly" and "make a clear sentence and realize it"?
When the public looks at Liu Yong, they use the eyes of a hunter; when Wang Chongyang looks at Liu Yong, he uses the eyes of a Taoist; what he sees is different. In fact, Liu Yong was probably a practitioner of the Taoist Gong Fa, and although he had no ambition in his life, he lived to the age of 69 (many scholars believe that he was over 70 years old). Many of his works embody Taoist thought, but are considered to be great customs.
Siku Quanshu Ben Liu Yong's "Collection of Movements" book shadow
Why did Liu San change into Liu Yong
Liu Yong's real name is Liu Sanchang, and his two older brothers are called Liu Sanfu and Liu Sanjie. Because the "History of Song" has no biography, the year of birth and death is unknown, and the more common version is from 984 to 1053.
The Liu family was descended from Hedong (present-day Shanxi Province) and was a branch of the Liu clan of Hedong (Liu Zongyuan was from the Liu clan of Hedong), and later moved to Chong'an (present-day Wuyishan, Fujian Province) and shiru.
Grandpa Liu Chong, "famous for Confucianism, was clothed all his life and was called a virgin." The King of Min enlisted him to be a County Servant of Sha County, and Liu Chong, believing that the King of Min was not a Ming Jun, refused. The eldest son, Liu Yi, the father of Liu Sanchang, served as an official in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and after the fall of the Southern Tang Dynasty, he served as an official in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Liu Chong had six sons, all of whom were born. By the time of the grandchildren, the family thrived. Liu San became the seventh in the big ranking, and was called "Liu Qi" at the time. Su Dongpo once asked, "How is my word like Liu Qi?" Su Dongpo was not good at words, and initially imitated Liu Sanchang, and later he called his own works: "Although there is no Liu Qilang flavor, it is also a family."
After he was in his 50s, Liu San changed his name to Liu Yong, and there are two theories: because of politics; because of illness.
According to the Song Dynasty Wu Zeng's "Records of the Nengzhi Zhai Yuan":
Emperor Renzong paid attention to Confucianism, and he bowed to the Tao, deeply denouncing the flashy and vain text. In the beginning, Jin Shi Liu San changed into a song of obscenity and spread in all directions. Taste the "Crane Soaring" word cloud: "Endure the floating name, change the shallow and low singing." And Linxuan put the list, specially falling, said: "And to fill in the words, why should you float the name?" ”
In order to advance, he had to change his name to Liu Yong.
This is not the right time. Liu Sanchang failed four times, three times in the Zhenzong Dynasty and once in the Renzong Dynasty, but at that time Empress Liu bowed to the government, "the military state is a heavy matter, and the right to take punishment" for a total of 11 years. The first time after Emperor Renzong of Song took the imperial examination, Liu Sanchang passed the examination.
Changing his name to Liu Yong was more likely due to illness, and he changed the word from "Jingzhuang" to "Qi Qing". Both "Qi" and "Yong" have the meaning of longevity, and it is possible that he was cured of a serious illness at that time.
Statue in Wuyishan Liuyong Memorial Hall
It can be gentle and bold
Liu Yong's family history is deep, but two points have long been overlooked:
First, Liu Yong's father and second uncle (Liu Xuan) zeng Shi Nan Tang, and the Southern Tang courtiers were all good at words.
Second, Wuyi Mountain was one of the "Thirty-Six Cave Heavens" at that time, and the Taoist culture accumulated deeply.
Judging from Liu Yong's lyrics, he went to Bieliang at the age of 18 to participate in the imperial examination, but did not succeed. Confusingly, he had previously written a number of words involving the emotions of men and women.
Scholar Xue Ruisheng believes that Liu Yong may have been married at the age of 15, because his wife "Nai Heyi, wanton spirit, and some children", that is, more willful, the two have a disagreement, liu Yong has been wandering outside for a long time. When Liu Yong was 19 years old, Yuan Pei's wife died. There is no historical basis for this statement, only speculation.
The literati of the Song Dynasty visited famous artists before the imperial examination, mixed up their reputations, widely seen, and even cast the works to high-ranking officials, hoping to be recognized by the discerning eyes and be recommended, that is, the so-called gurudwara, which is the norm. It is more likely that after the young Liu Yong arrived at the bustling Bieliang, he took the initiative to mix with the singers.
In order to expand her business, singers need to find someone to write new lyrics.
At that time, Ouyang Xiu, Huang Tingjian, Yan Shu and other scholars also wrote lyrics for the singers, and the content was also superficial and slippery, but they were accustomed to condescending, treating the singers as commodities and praising them from the perspective of materialization. Influenced by Taoism, Liu Yong was more able to write from the perspective of women, and regarded men and women as equal, so his works were particularly popular with singers.
Liu Yong's words do not avoid vulgar words, understand as words, and he is proficient in music, changing small words into slow words, which is a revolution in Song Ci. Liu Yong can not only write euphemisms, but also write bold words, such as:
Think of that year, the air transport planning decisive battle, the king of the map to dominate endlessly. The mountains are picturesque, the clouds and waves are smokey, and the Fan Li flat boat is overturned. Before the examination of the old history, the wind and currents of the day. The slanting sun and twilight grass are vast, and they have become the sorrows of eternity.
So that "wherever there is well water, he can sing willow words."
Can write words but can't take the exam
The Song Dynasty used currency to pay the salaries of soldiers, because of the internal reality and external weakness, the capital city of Bieliang gathered a large number of troops, and the daily consumption of soldiers led to the prosperity of Bieliang. There are more than ten large "tiles" in Bieliang, similar to a modern super department store, integrating performing arts, shopping, entertainment, catering, and hanging out. On this basis, the singers' industry is booming, and whatever new songs they sing, they will lead a fashion.
Chen Shidao, a Song dynasty, said in the "Words and Sayings of Houshan":
Liu San changed the tour of the east capital north and south of the second lane, as the new music house, the dice (sound as contrary, meaning tortuous) from the custom, the world chanted, so the forbidden. Emperor Renzong was quite good at his words, and every pair of wines would make the attendants sing again and again.
It can be seen that Song Renzong does not hate Liu Yongzi and is still a loyal fan.
The Song army went out on expeditions and often sent troops from the capital. Today it is still lingering among the "tiles", and tomorrow it may be on the way to the expedition. "Wherever there is well water, you can sing willow words" was said by a court official who had returned from Western Xia, and should be heard in the Song military camp.
So, will it be Song Renzong's father, Song Zhenzong, who made Liu Yong "fill in the words"?
Before Liu Yong's first examination, Emperor Zhenzong of Song issued an edict: "Those who read non-holy books and those who are superficial are strictly reprimanded." It seems to be facing the back of Liu Yong's head, but the following of the edict reads: "The collection of essays has been engraved, so that the transfer division can be selected to see it in detail, and it can be recorded." "Obviously, it targets illegal publications and has nothing to do with the imperial examination.
Liu Yong failed the imperial examination four times, and it is likely that he will not take the exam and does not have to over-interpret it.
Scholars Zhang Qiong and Sun Jiwen put forward an interesting point: when Liu Yong participated in the imperial examination in the eighth year of dazhongxiangfu (1015), he may have coincided with the death of his father Liu Yi, and should be kept at home for 27 months. From the perspective of time, Liu Yong only took the middle lift 18 years later, counting the suspension, and sure enough, there were three sessions.
He retired as a high official
It is generally believed that Liu Yong was 48 years old before he succeeded in the examination, and the scholar Wu Xionghe pointed out in "Examining Liu Yong's Life and Deeds from the Song Dynasty Official System" that Liu Yong should have been lucky enough to pass the examination after the age of 50.
In 1033, Empress Liu died of illness, and the 24-year-old Song Renzong finally took the government and immediately launched the super water release "Enke", saying:
The path to taking people is still narrow, or they are in the fields of chi, and they are not allowed to enter with a white head. It made the southern province try to enter the army and the various disciplines, and choose two out of ten. Jinshi five years and fifty years... Although the test text is not qualified, it is not deposed, and it is famous.
This means that as long as you have participated in the imperial examination 5 times, you are over 50 years old, and you will be admitted. Liu Yong happened to be the fifth reference, and may have been 50 years old. A total of 1640 students were admitted to the department, which is the highest in history. In Liu Yongkao's "third rank is a junior shogunate", only a "tongjin soldier origin".
Did Liu Yong get admitted by his ability, or did he rely on policy care? At present, it is difficult to determine the conclusion, in short, even if you are admitted, the results are not bad, just choose people, and you can't be a Beijing Dynasty official.
According to Wu Xiong and Hook Shen, the Song Dynasty civil officials were divided into two grades: Beijing Dynasty officials and elected people, and the latter could only go to other places to serve as prefecture and county officials, or as assistants. Su Xun said: "When a mortal is an official, he can relieve those who are happy for a while, and the officials of the Jing Dynasty have their ears. Since then, all the following have worked hard, broken their spirits, been enslaved by men, and have gone to serve few servants. ”
After more than 8 years of election, after the "three years and six examinations", he caught up with Fan Zhongyan's "New Deal for the Celebration of the Calendar", allowing high-ranking officials to recommend Beijing Dynasty officials from among the candidates, and Liu Yong entrusted people to recommend them, but "he was deposed without doing anything". After appeal, in 1043, Liu Yong finally became an official of the Jing Dynasty.
However, the Officials of the Jing Dynasty are also divided into two grades, the Beijing Officials and the Promoted Dynasty Officials, the latter can often go to the Dynasty, from the former to the latter, theoretically it takes 9 years. In 1052, Liu Yong served as a Tuntian member of the Outer Lang (only a fictitious title, not actually responsible), and finally became a promoted official, probably 69 years old at this time, while the Song Dynasty stipulated that officials would retire at the age of 70.
(Ming) Xiao Mingyong "Liu YongZi"
I tried to take shortcuts, but I didn't succeed
Liu Yong was not reused, mainly because the rigid talent selection system of the imperial examination buried him.
Liu Yong had great political ambitions, and Song Zhenzong was forced to ally with the Liao Dynasty in Liaoyuan, and in order to cover up the defeat, he colluded with the traitorous ministers Wang Qinruo and the Daoist monk Wang Jie to concoct a fake heavenly book and let the courtiers offer praises. Liu Yong is not idle, Wu Xionghe believes that Liu Yong's "Yulou Chun" five songs, "Wushan A Piece of Clouds" five songs, "Royal Street Line, Burning Wood Smoke Broken Galaxy Dawn" are all tributes. Liu Yong also wrote a lot of fairy tales. During the period of repeated defeats, Liu Yong wrote eight dry words; after the success of the imperial examination, he wrote eight more dedications. Pile up rhetoric and blindly pat the emperor on the ass.
Liu Yong did this, maybe there was an inner line in the palace. According to the "Houshan Words", Liu Yong learned that Song Renzong liked his own words, and specially made a palace poem of "Drunken Penglai", and Song Renzong found that Liu Yong dared to throw in his favor, "Since he did not repeat this word.".
The Literati of the Song Dynasty wrote liu yong as a talented man who was frustrated and proud of his official scene, for example, Wu once said: "Qi Qing (that is, Liu Yong) was frustrated and bored, wandering around the song, and collected slang and compiled it into the words one after another, so that people could sing it." It sounds beautiful for a while and spreads in all directions. "Not in line with historical facts.
Although Liu Yong's words were "vulgar", but the customs at that time referred to the tune, the Music of the Sheng Tang Dynasty was divided into elegant customs, and the Song people mostly used the folk music of the Tang People, and for the Liu Word, not only "the people of the city were happy", but also the elites such as Song Renzong and Su Dongpo also liked it.
Liu Yong was close to Yu, one is that the Northern Song Dynasty was "especially evil to the southerners and light" and "people in the southern kingdoms should not be crowned with many scholars"; the second was that the Northern Song Dynasty emphasized the study of scriptures and light literature and art, as Sima Guang said: "The way of taking the scholar should be first virtuous, and then literature; as far as literature is concerned, the scriptures should precede the words." ”
As soon as the Song Dynasty was established, it was attacked by the steppe dynasty, and the royal family rejected foreign Buddhism and attached importance to indigenous Taoism. Liu Yong wanted to take a shortcut, but he didn't.
Liu Yong poetic Huang Junbi
Why was no family buried for him?
Liu Yong cultivated the Tao, originally an official, but unexpectedly benefited his body and was able to live a long life.
In the quotation, "Forty-Seven" is slightly difficult, meaning that he claims to be 47 years old. Wang Chongyang participated in the pseudo-Qi Keju, Zhongwuju, And zhi, and later resigned as an official, deposed his wife, abandoned his son, and was 48 years old, which came from "Yang Liu'an, Xiao Feng And The Moon".
This poem was once called "Gongdeng Poem", that is, the boatman's poem to find a toilet. In fact, it contains the deep meaning of monasticism.
Before the death of the Song Dynasty monk Fa Ming, he said: "In ordinary life, there is a difference in drunkenness, but there is a difference in drunkenness." Where is the wine awake tonight? Willow shore, dawn wind and moon. Drunkenness, that is, it is difficult for people to distinguish between truth and hypocrisy, and the method of distinguishing is not outside the body, but inside the body, that is, "Yang Liu Bank, Xiao Feng and The Moon".
Wang Chongyang proposed "double cultivation of life", that is, no longer pursuing the ascension of the flesh, but turning to the "truth of the whole life", which was just written by Liu Yong. It can be seen that Liu Yong's Daoist cultivation is very high.
Taoists emphasize "self-cultivation and longevity", and strive for longevity by concentrating on calming the breath, paying attention to diet, adjusting mentality, etc. Some methods still inspire modern people, of course, some are crap and should not be blindly learned.
When Liu Yong died, he should have been more than 70 years old, his grandfather Liu Chongshou was 74 years old, and his father Liu Yi was still an official in his 60s, and it is estimated that he also lived to be more than 70 years old. Strangely, 20 years after his death, no family was buried for him. Liu Yong has a son, named Liu Zhuan ( 柳涚 ) , who is a jinshi in the examination. Liu Yong also had a nephew, Dr. Guan zhi Taichang. The family road has not been lost, what did they do?
Folklore has it that the singers buried Liu Yong, which was purely fabricated. Perhaps in his later years, Liu Yong lived in isolation for the cultivation of the Immortal Dao, and his family did not even know that he was dead. Most likely, it is crazy. (Editor-in-Charge: Shen Feng)