If you are too sensitive to arthropods or dense phobia friends, you should pay attention to psychological construction before watching.
Amazon giant centipede
Centipede (scientific name: Scolopendra subspinipes, also known as Centipede, Draco) is an arthropod of the centipede family Centipede. It is widely distributed throughout China. It is flattened and long, consisting of 22 rings; the head --- two dark red sections, 1 pair of antennae and 1 pair of poisonous hooks, the dorsal --- brownish green or dark green, shiny, longitudinal 2; the ventral --- pale yellow or brownish yellow, wrinkled; since the second section, there are 1 pair of feet on both sides of each body segment, yellow or reddish brown, curved as a hook. Centipede feet --- hook-shaped, with toxic glandular mouths at the end of the hooks, which can expel poisonous juice. It prefers to live in damp and dark places, and mainly preys on small insects (encyclopedia). Centipedes are brittle and have cracks in the section. The gas is slightly fishy and has a special pungent odor.
Ancient Centipede - Simulation Diagram
Medicinal: Spicy and slightly salty. The quality is better than those with dry bodies, long and complete insect bodies, and red and green heads.
Once an ancient overlord - my past is still very glorious
The above two pictures are pictures of ancient centipedes, living 300 million years ago, up to 2.59 meters long, and are one of the first invertebrates to appear on land.
This head, just ask you if you are afraid or not
Habits: Afraid of daylight, day and night, like dark, warm, rainproof, air circulation place. Mostly in hilly areas and sandy land areas, during the day lurking in the masonry crevices, at the foot of the wall and piles of leaves, weeds, rotten wood in the dark corners, at night out of activity, looking for green insects, spiders, cockroaches and so on.
Eat
Generally, when the weather turns cold in October, it burrows into the soil of the leeward sunny slope, lurks in the soil about 12 cm deep from the ground to recover after the winter solstice and the following year's sting (sting: early March, so there is a spring thunder to scare the poisonous insects, the recovery of all things).
Artificial rearing of centipedes – this is the environment
Centipedes are extremely capable of drilling seams, and most of the crevices in rock and land can pass through or inhabit. When the density is too large or disturbed, they can fight each other. Under artificial conditions, people with sufficient food and drinking water can also live together. Centipedes are typical carnivores, fierce, with a wide range of food, especially insects. In early spring when food is scarce, a small amount of grass and moss buds can also be eaten.
That's it!
Specific distribution: Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan and other places. The main production of Hubei Jingzhou, Yichang, Xiaogan, Yunyang and other cities and Laohekou, Xiangyang, Jingmen, Zaoyang and other cities of some counties, the province's annual acquisition volume accounted for more than 80% of the country.
Hubei Shennongjia, this environment, sigh
There are 3 families of centipedes with great toxicity in China: (1) Centipedeidae. There are two genera: the genus Centipede is distributed in southern China, Southeast Asia and Japan; the genus Ophinx is distributed in northeast china and north China. (2) Centipede family. There are 5 kinds, which are common in wet places and are common everywhere. (3) Stone centipede family, like to live under the stone, mainly distributed in north China. Centipede toxic glands, there is a pair of sharp teeth, secreted poisonous juice contains histamine and hemolytic proteins, when a person is bitten by it, its poisonous juice through its fangs into the human skin and poisoning, the toxin is not strong, after being stung will cause pain but not fatal. Let's take a look at its microscopic details:
Centipede head diagram
Take it apart and look
Or something like this:
Centipede mouthpiece diagram
Centipede poison: The composition of centipede toxins is slightly different in different species, and the method of taking poison will also affect the composition of the components (previously it was to kill centipedes to take poison, and now it is high-frequency electrical stimulation to take poison).
Centipede toxin is similar to snake venom and bee venom and is mainly composed of proteins. It is a colorless transparent viscous liquid. Among them, there are many kinds of enzymes in centipede venom, many of which are extremely useful tool enzymes. The general toxicity is: neurotoxicity (refer to my previous article snake venom analysis), hemolytic. It can also induce platelet aggregation, antibacterial, and heart-related effects, which are both toxic and medicinal causes (thanks to thousands of years of artificial trials and inheritance from ancestors). To put it simply: it can cause hemolytic effects and allergic reactions, and large doses can paralyze the myocardium and inhibit the respiratory center.
Take poison
The poison of centipedes contains these substances: esterases, proteolytic enzymes, acidic and alkaline phosphatase, cardiac toxins. Histamine, a neurotransmitter-releasing substance. The giant desert centipede in North America also contains lysolytic cords.
Post-sting performance:
Local stings can cause redness, swelling and burning pain, and lymphangitis at the same time, chills, fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, increased pulse, slurry and convulsions can occur. Symptoms of poisoning include pain, burning, itching, erythema, hyperemia, inflammation, blistering, subcutaneous hemorrhage, edema, epidermal necrosis and peeling, and in severe cases, headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, irregular heart rate and breathing, lymphitis, tissue necrosis, coma and spasms, and even death. Centipede toxin cord can also cause rhabdomyolysis, acute renal insufficiency and proteinuria (soy sauce urine), and even myocardial infarction. (Local pain can be understood, after all, stinging; toxin is also a heterogeneous protein, after entering the human body will certainly produce an immune response, allergies are the most common, this is antihistamine, anti-allergic symptomatic treatment, and other symptoms symptomatic treatment).)
No one should stop me, dare to arrest me, and turn against him!
Bite swollen
Post-poisoning treatment: In principle, all snakes, insects, poisonous ants and other bites, the first thing is to wash the wound as soon as possible, destroy the toxin, the most common is to wash the wound with soapy water. For centipede bites, after cleaning the wound, for swelling, you can apply ice, cold and wet to the wound, or you can use houttuynia cordata and dandelion to mash the external compress. People with constitutional symptoms go straight to the hospital for treatment. All in all, wash with soap and water first, and then go to the hospital for further treatment.
In general, don't treat it like this
Secondly, slow down the spread of toxins: at the upper end of the injured limb 2 to 3 cm, tighten with a cloth belt, relax every 15 minutes for 1 to 2 minutes (all bandaging suggestions are referred to to prevent the lower limb from long-term lack of blood supply and oxygen supply and lead to limb necrosis), ice can be used around the wound, cut the skin of the wound, use a suction device or cupping can to aspirate the venom (drug use, refer to my previous article: snake venom), if cleaned, conditionally, you can also use potassium permanganate liquid, lime water and the like to rinse the wound to destroy the nature of the wound venom. Supplement: If the poisonous thorn remains under the skin, remember to pull it out first.
What it looks like after a bite
In fact, our ancient books have long been recorded and dealt with: the Outer Platform Secret Essentials, Volume 31. Those who are poisoned by the bite of centipedes should be treated as soon as possible. Severe pain, redness, swelling and fever at the place of stinging, fever, fever, headache, dizziness, vomiting and other symptoms can occur throughout the body, and even coma. The drugs contained in Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica: Indications for Hundred Diseases are: snails, slugs, five spirit fats (the shrew's is dried), garlic, brassica seed oil, snake containing, incense, amaranth, purslane, earthworm mud, salt, chicken crown blood, etc.
Thank you to the sages
In addition, in addition to soapy water, the wound can be rinsed with 3% ammonia, or 5%-10% baking soda solution, and it should be noted here that the wound should not be rinsed or rubbed with diandian tincture or acidic drugs. The traditional method can be to grind the male yellow and licorice into a fine powder, apply vegetable oil to the affected area, or use Ji Desheng snake medicine to make a paste and rub it around the wound. It is rumored that the folk use of saliva in the mouth of a rooster to apply to the wound is also effective. Other studies have shown that dandelion's white milk is effective when applied externally to wounds. Even in an emergency, it is effective to rinse the affected area with your own urine as if it were. To add: if it is overdose poisoning, it is necessary to wash the stomach first.
centipede
Incubation period: depending on the dose, about 30 minutes - 4 hours. In addition, centipede bites toxins absorb quickly and change rapidly.
So, the poisonous insects in this dark place cannot be prevented, what should we do usually? It is nothing more than to ensure that the living environment is dry and clean: be diligent, regularly remove waste and garbage around the living environment, keep the room dry, and regularly apply drugs to kill centipedes. In addition, many small centipede bites rarely cause systemic symptoms, so only local treatment can be done, but when the large centipede bites, it should be highly valued.
Don't say anything, just work hard
Go on, so what's the use of this little bug? Hey, live blood everyone guessed, medicinal!
The medicinal centipede is a large lip-footed polypod with only 21 pairs of foot and 1 pair of jaw feet; the "money string" is a close relative of the centipede, scientific name centipede, with only 15 pairs of foot and 1 pair of foot foot; "stone centipede" also has only 15 pairs of foot foot. There are also some centipedes with many and short steps, 35 pairs, 45 pairs, and the maximum reached 750 pairs.
Money string - scientific name: worm
From the above nature of centipede toxin and the effect of poisonous injuries, we can understand a certain degree of its efficacy:
Centipede is a wind-extinguishing antispasmodic medicine with a spicy taste. Sexual temperature. Toxic, into the liver meridian, good work and channeling, dispelling the wind and fixing the effect is strong, so it is the key medicine to extinguish the wind and stop spasms. It is often used for spastic convulsions such as acute and slow convulsions and tetanus, and is used for sores poison, fistula ulcer ulceration and refractory head twitching pain, rheumatic paralysis and other symptoms. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that
Medicinal after treatment
It should be noted here that the dose of centipedes should be measured in grams, otherwise it is easy to be poisoned, and in severe cases, it will lead to toxic hepatitis. Centipedes are traditionally used in strips. But someone has done a weight measurement, and the smallest person in a centipede is 0. 5 g, the largest 1. 73 grams, difference 3. 46 times. The common amount of decoction is 1 to 3 grams, if calculated by bar, it may not have a therapeutic effect because of the small amount, or poisoning may occur due to excessive dosage. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention.
Traditional Chinese medicine: centipede
I won't talk about the specific usage or the like.
Of course, in addition to medicinal uses, it is also possible to do this:
or:
Not sure how it tastes
Oh, I don't dare to get into the eyes... Not to mention the entrance!
Source:
Toxicity and rescue methods of five commonly used poisonous insects in Chinese medicine Golden carp (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032) Keywords: whole scorpion; centipede; earth dragon; leech; cantharid; Chinese medicine toxicity: rescue Classification number: R996. 3 Document identification code: B Article number: 1 004—6852 (2003) 08-0039—04.
Emergency treatment of poisonous insect bites Zhang Liqing Zhang Yiqun Yin Yixuan Yang Rusong Gao Lei (Yuxi City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Province, 653100).
Centipede bites 126 cases of emergency nursing intervention Zhang Youming (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014) [Keywords] centipede bites; poisoning; emergency; nursing interventions Medium Figure Classification Number: R473. 5 Document identification code: B DOI:10. 3969／j． issn． 1006～7256． 2015． 05． 036 Article ID: 1006—7256[2015105—0071—03.
Some of the pictures are from the Internet, and the infringing contact is deleted
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