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In the third year of The Japanese Era (1560), the Daimyo Imakawa Yoshimoto of Tokaido personally led an army into the territory of Owari Kingdom, and in the area of nagoya city in present-day Aichi Prefecture, he was killed by a surprise attack led by Oda Nobunaga. After the war, the Imakawa clan, which had dominated Tokaido, declined, while the victorious Oda Nobunaga rapidly expanded its power in Central Japan and, laying the foundation for his future power over the japanese central government.
Combat power distribution: Oda Nobunaga about 4,000 people, Imakawa Yoshimoto about 40,000-50,000 people;
On May 12, 1560 (Eiroku 3), Imagawa Yoshimoto held an oath-taking ceremony at Suruga, and then marched along the Tokaido in two directions to Mikawa and Owari, and pioneered to the Tsugugawa River. On the 13th, Imakawa Yoshimoto's team arrived at Tsutomugawa, and the vanguard reached Ikeda. On the 14th, Imakawa Yoshimoto's team arrived at Inoma Castle, and the vanguard reached Akasaka. On the 15th, Imakawa Yoshimoto's team arrived in Yoshida, and the vanguard reached Miyu. On the 16th, Imakawa Yoshimoto's main team reached Okazaki, and the vanguard reached Ikeki (later Chiritsu), Yoshimoto left 5,000 troops to garrison Okazaki Castle, and the rest of the troops attacked the castle of Kaguya, which had less than 400 defenders.
On the 17th, Imakawa Yoshimoto's team arrived at Ikeki Castle, and then entered Tsukiyaka Castle, where the vanguard crossed the river and entered the territory of Owari. On the 18th, the Imakawa army attacked Narukai and Ōtaka Castle in Owari territory, and the Oda side was defended by less than a thousand men, and the two castles were captured before sunset. At the same time, Imagawakata Matsudaira Motoyasu led an army to transport grain into Ōtaka Castle. Yoshimoto held a night military conference at Tsuyoshi Castle, assigned the general Asahina tai to attack Hatsu Castle, ordered Matsudaira Motoyasu to capture Marugen Castle, and between the two armies there were 3,000 men led by Udan Nagasho as a strategic reserve; after the Suruga and Mikawa divisions fought against the Oda Army, Yoshimoto led 5,000 troops of the main force to march in the direction of Kiyosu Castle, while leaving thousands of garrisons in Okazaki, Ikeki, and Imagoka, leaving 1,500 men behind in Honjo.
Oda Hidetoshi sent people to report Imakawa's actions to Nobunaga in a timely manner, and Oda Nobunaga held a military meeting with his elders and subordinates, and most of the generals advocated holding the Fortress of Kiyosu. According to the credible historical record "Nobunaga Gongji", Nobunaga only chatted with the heavy courtiers at that time, and finally only said: "It is late at night, please retire each other." One-sentence conclusion.
The scout sent a letter to Imagawa Yoshimoto that Nobunaga was drinking and dancing with three teenagers in Cheongju Castle, and Imagawa Yoshimoto decided that Nobunaga was helpless and abandoned himself.
In the early morning of the 19th, Oda Nobunaga ordered the waiter to beat the tambourine and dance a song that could be sung in the ballad "Kojo Dance", and the lyrics are translated as follows:
I think about this life, and the residence will not be long.
White dew on the leaves, demon victory over the moon in the water.
Jingu Yonghua, impermanent wind lure flowers.
The south building makes the moon, and there is a cloud covering the moon.
Fifty years on earth, compared with the heavens, is as straight as a dream and an illusion.
Once subjected to this life, where is the reason for immortality?
According to the Nobunaga Chronicle, after several dances, Nobunaga threw down his musical instrument, put on his armor, swallowed a bowl of rice, and jumped on his mount to go to the battlefield.
Matsudaira Motoyasu (later known as Tokugawa Ieyasu) and the Asahina Tai Dynasty began to launch onslaught against the Oda clan's Marugen and Hatsutsu. Matsudaira Motoyasu led a thousand troops to attack Marune Castle, south of Naruto Castle and southeast of Ōtaka Castle, and the defender Sakuma Morishige led only 400 troops out to meet the battle. The Asahinatai Dynasty led 2,000 men to attack Washizu, which was northwest of Marune and held by Hidetoshi Oda. At about 4 p.m., the Marune shogun Sakuma Washi was killed, and the battle situation was quite unfavorable to Oda. By the afternoon, the vanguard of the Imagawa Army had captured Marugen and Hatsune, and had also successfully eliminated the remnants of the Oda Army around Ōtaka Castle, and the two Tsukishin and Marogene had been captured. Imagawa Yoshimoto, who had achieved a stage victory, left Tsutomu Castle and entered Ōtaka Castle.
On the afternoon of the 20th, Yiyuan led the army in a gorgeous and valuable palanquin to the barrel narrow room to rest. In modern times, there is no name for the mountain "Barrel Narrow Mountain", and later generations speculate that it should be the central point between the castle and the big high castle, which has a height of 64 meters and is only three kilometers away from the Oda Junzhong Island.
On May 21, 1560, Oda Nobunaga personally led a surprise attack on the headquarters of the Imagawa Army, but Imagawa Yoshimoto was killed in battle and the Imagawa Army was defeated. Regarding the specific process of Nobunaga directly pounding the Imakawa military flag book, there are two main theories:
Roundabout Raid ("Fu'an Nobunaga Chronicles", "Wugong Night Talk"): When Nobunaga was at Zenshō-ji Temple, he received information from Ryota Masamune, pointing out that Imagawa Yoshimoto was about to travel to Otosaka Castle. So Nobunaga decided to make a detour from Mount Taikone to the barrel in the rain, and finally won the rank of Yoshifuge. However, in modern times, Yiyuan was not stationed in the valley. This narrative has gradually declined.
Frontal Assault Theory (Historical "Nobunaga Koji"): This theory suggests that Nobunaga was actually marching towards the Imakawa Army on the Kasama Mountains. Nobunaga thought that the enemy army was transporting grain into Ōtaka Castle, and fighting hard with our two forts, and should have been exhausted, when the Oda army advanced to the foot of the mountain, the barrel narrow area suddenly changed into the sky, rain and hail fell, Nobunaga army waited for the opportunity to advance near the present Sichuan army, and when the weather cleared, it suddenly appeared when the Imakawa army was unexpected, and began to launch a surprise attack.
This battle was a surprise attack of at least 3,000 Oda troops who had just been attacked by heavy rain or hail (generally no more than 1,500 troops in the main army), which was rendered by later generations as a battle with fewer victories (2,000 vs. 40,000), in fact, Kawa and The People of Kawawato who were far away from mino and Naoru Toyama ,Motoyama Naoru ,Motoaki Kantaro, Lady Tokawa's father, the strength of 47 villages in the two prefectures, far above the border between Mino and Shinano, near Iwamura Castle), Almost all of Oda's vassals, who were later known to later generations, participated in the battle, and the unbelieving Oda Nobunaga stopped at the Regawa Shrine to wait for reinforcements to follow.
There are two accounts of Yoshimoto Imagawa's death:
It is recorded in the Nobunaga Chronicle that hattori Kazutaka, one of Nobunaga's horse guards, confronted Yoshimoto Kamikawa and stabbed Yoshimoto with a spear, but was counterattacked by Yoshimoto and was wounded in his right knee by slashing his knee. While the two armies' main guards were fighting in a chaotic battle, Oda Nobunaga's personal escort new recruit Maori Shinsuke also joined the melee, and Imagawa Yoshimoto was killed by Maori Shinsuke. The general was suddenly killed, the Imakawa army was in disarray, and the morale of the Oda army was greatly boosted, and the battle ended in a great victory.
The "Records of the Correction of the Terroirs after mikawa" records that Maori Shinsuke was able to kill Imagawa Yoshimoto by accident, and during the melee, Imagawa Yoshimoto also bit off the finger of Maori Shinsuke's left hand. At this time, Japan still practiced a system of first rank similar to that of the State of Qin in the Warring States period of China; in other words, officers and soldiers who wanted to be promoted and wanted to receive prestige had to exchange the heads of the enemy for them. Nobunaga's order to abolish the first rank system before the assault was believed to have been aimed at the head of the enemy general Imakawa Yoshimoto from the beginning.
At dawn, nobunaga received the rank of Führer of Imakawa Yoshinori in the barrel narrow room, and then led his army back to Kiyosu Castle. After Imakawa Yoshimoto's head was displayed in Kiyoshu Castle, Yoshimoto's uncle Kabara Clan Masamune, nephew Kuno Hantada, and sister-in-law Asai Masatoshi were also executed. Yamaguchi Sashimasuke, Anmoto Misaku Shoumoto Masamune, Yoshida Musashi Morishi, Katsuyama Haruma Shou Nagaka, Edōminbu Shōsuke Kinshi, Ikan Quan shou, Okabe Kai Shou Nagadō, Tengzhi Iga Shoushi Akira, asahina chief jisuke Shuyi, and others also died as a result of the battle.
Okabe Motonobu, who had captured Narumi Castle, did not abandon it, but the situation had reached this point, so he informed Nobunaga that on the condition that he withdraw from Narukai Castle, negotiate in exchange for the return of Yoshimoto's head to Suruga for burial. Nobunaga built a Yoshimoto Tomb two kilometers south of Kiyosu Castle, performed a thousand monks chanting rituals, and made solemn sacrifices.
On 23 May, the Imagawa army withdrew to Surufu, and Matsudaira Motoyasu took the opportunity to occupy his native city of Okazaki castle and escape the Imakawa family's domination. Later, Matsudaira Motoyasu severed all ties with the Imagawa family, changed his name to "Matsudaira Ieyasu", and formed an alliance with his childhood playmate Oda Nobunaga. (The Oda family was still one of the flags during the Edo shogunate period.)
The greatest impact of the Battle of the Barrel Pan was the rise of Oda Nobunaga and the decline of the Imakawa clan, which also changed the pattern of the division of the Japanese warring states in the early period, and the world gradually moved towards an era of confrontation between a few daimyōs.
Oda Nobunaga won the battle by surprise attack, through which Nobunaga, who was only twenty-seven years old at the time, established his own hegemonic foundation, and then began the "Tenjin Bubu", and eventually became the strongest overlord of Japan in the Sengoku period.
For the Imakawa clan, it was the beginning of the family's decline. As soon as Imagawa Yoshimoto died, many generals such as Matsui Muneyoshi were also killed in the barrel. Later, the post of Imakawa family governor was succeeded by Imagawa Clan Makoto, son of Yoshimoto. However, because its ability was far inferior to that of Yoshimoto, the Imagawa family slowly declined. Tokugawa Ieyasu took advantage of the situation to break away from the control of the Imagawa family and allyed with Oda Nobunaga. The Imakawa clan then seized the opportunity to seize the opportunity, and eventually the Imagawa clan surrendered to Tokugawa Ieyasu, and the Imagawa clan perished.
After this battle, the Imakawa clan quickly declined, and Oda Nobunaga, who was scorned as the great fool of Owari (Japanese: Owari Nobunaga) and became famous in the war, and from then on began to invade Mino and other neighboring countries, thus dominating the region, ending the division of the warring states in central and western Japan. Oda Nobunaga's hegemony became the basis for toyotomi Hideyoshi's subsequent nominal unification of Japan.