Hurlbut's past and present lives

There is such a person, in the history of Western education, he is known as the "founder of science pedagogy", in the history of education in the world known as "the father of educational science" and "the father of modern pedagogy" - John Friedrich Hurlbut, this is the Hurlbut we are most familiar with. In our studies, we are always carrying Hurlbut's one-two-three-four-five in a loop. One principle, two foundations, traditional three-center, four-stage teaching, five-step pedagogy.

But do you know the origin of these knowledge points? So let's talk about what the two basics of people are talking about today. Hurlbut has two theories based on philosophy and psychology, which have a lot to do with Hurlbut's birth and occupation. In 1776, Hurlbut was born into a family of magistrates, the father of a lawyer and the mother of a woman with a profound literary attainment, who had a profound influence on his life. At the age of 11 he began studying philosophy, teaching philosophy in Göttingen in 1805, and in 1809 taking over the Kant philosophy chair at the school, where he founded the Experimental School. In 1833 he returned to Göttingen as professor of philosophy until his death. So much of his theory was expounded from a philosophical point of view, and in his ethics he pointed out five moral concepts, namely inner freedom, perfection, benevolence, justice, and fairness. An important feature of Hurlbut's ethics is the emphasis on the role of knowledge or knowledge in the formation of virtue. This is where we often see the principles of educational teaching. Education has both the transmission of knowledge and the influence of ideological character. He advocated that the purpose of education was personal character and social morality.

His book General Pedagogy from the Purpose of Education was published in 1806. In his book, Hurlbut attempts to illuminate some important issues of pedagogy from a psychological point of view. Hurlbut was the first to explicitly suggest that psychology is a science. He once said: "I am convinced that most of the flaws in our pedagogy arise from the lack of psychology. Hurlbut believed that psychology was the most important theoretical foundation of pedagogy and the primary science for the establishment of scientific pedagogy. Hurlbut asserted that ideas are the most basic element of man's mental activity, the basis of all man's mental activity, and that all man's mental activity is but the activity of ideas. Hurlbut's pedagogical theory is based on his psychology, which is called "unification theory". He believed that the mind was primitive as nothing but a vessel for receiving impressions from the outside world. All we learn introspectively are feelings, desires, and ideas. The role of the mind is first based on contact with the outside world, and then the emergence of various senses; The various unifications form the various categories of mental action, and the mutual unity or exclusion of these unifications has a certain mechanical nature. He even used mathematical formulas to illustrate the phenomenon of the action of the mind in order to lay the foundation for the scientificization of modern education. And who first proposed the unification of the first time?" The term "Tongjue" was originally coined by Leibniz. Leibniz believed that unification is a spontaneous activity that relies primarily on the influence of what is already in the mind. Through unification, one understands, memorizes, and thinks about the idea of union, thus completing the higher-level mental activity.