Zheng Chenggong, a national hero we are familiar with, mainly defeated the Dutch colonists and recovered Taiwan. However, the real Zheng Chenggong, who dates back more than 300 years ago, is not understood, and even the name "Zheng Chenggong" is theoretically wrong.
Zheng Chenggong's military strength is strong.
Unless we have to say it, recently I have seen some people say that Zheng Chenggong is a "big pirate", in fact, this is obviously a misunderstanding, Zheng Chenggong's army does have a very strong piracy atmosphere, yes, but the nature of this army and pirates are not related, in name to the regular army of the Ming Dynasty. When Zheng Chenggong himself was picked up from Japan by his father Zheng Zhilong, Zheng Zhilong had already accepted the invitation of the Ming government, and he himself worshiped Qian Qianyi as a teacher in 1644, and the people were serious readers (although the martial arts were too abundant) as intellectuals, saying that he was a great pirate, not that he was a "second generation of Ming dynasty officials".
Zheng Chenggong, real name Sen, also known as Fukumatsu, character Ming, Daiki. In terms of appearance, Zheng Chenggong must be a handsome man, when he first met Emperor Longwu, Longwu said "Qizhi" and touched his back and said, "Unfortunately, there is no female matching Secretary, Qing should be loyal to my family, and there is no forgetting!" It can be seen that the national surname ye is indeed a handsome man, which can also be seen from the portrait, his appearance attracted the emperor, it can be seen that Zheng Chenggong was indeed a very spiritual young man at that time, and soon he was emperor of the Longwu Dynasty to give the Ming Dynasty the surname "Zhu", and also gave the name Success, changed the name Zhu Chenggong, and was awarded the title of Zhongxiaobo. Therefore, the name "Zheng Chenggong" has always been a wrong name, either calling the real name "Zheng Sen" or "Zhu Chenggong".
There is a controversial question: Was Zheng Chenggong ever prepared to surrender to the Qing Dynasty? Or rather, it was deliberately surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and the answer to this question was of course no, and he was never prepared to surrender.
Portrait of Zheng Chenggong.
In 1646, the former "sea king" Zheng Zhilong decided to surrender to the Qing Dynasty, first withdrew the army defending Xianxialing, so that the Qing army could smoothly enter Fujian, soon after fuzhou fell, Emperor Longwu was captured, and soon killed, at this time Zheng Zhilong gathered his army in the Anping area, ready to bargain, and before Zheng Zhilong surrendered to the Qing, the father and son once had a quarrel" Successfully wept: "Father teaches son to be loyal, and does not listen to the second." And what does the Northern Dynasty believe in? Zhi Long said: "The day of mourning, one and the other, who can be permanent." If you are young, you are evil! "The Beginning and the End of the Giving of The Surname"
The "Taiwan Waiji" records the quarrel between father and son in more detail. His son successfully advised: "My father always holds heavy power, and he should not change his mind lightly." In the fineness of Eyre, the land of Fujian and Guangdong is no more arbitrary than the north, and if it is dangerous to set up an ambush to resist, although there are millions, I am afraid that it will be difficult to fly once. Then gather people's hearts and minds to consolidate their roots. Open up the sea lanes and sell the ports to meet their salaries. Then select generals to train troops, call on the world, and it is not difficult to forge ahead. ”
Dragon Yue: "Childish nonsense! I don't know the time of day. Separated by a heavenly graben, the four towns are strong soldiers, and they cannot resist the enemy, let alone a corner of peace. If you can't draw a tiger, isn't it like a dog? Success said: "My father probably saw that the people who had not been fine materials were suitable; the time and place were different, and there were different ears." Although the Qing Dynasty soldiers and horses were prosperous, they could not drive forward for a long time. There is no one in our DPRK committee, and the civil servants will gain power, and once the ice cracks and disintegrates, it will lead to the tragedy of coal mountains. Therefore, when the time comes, the row is straight in, cutting out the fierceness and ugliness, in order to inherit the great unification. Rushing to the southern capital, not the Yangtze River is lost, carefully examine its reasons, Junshi is not the king of chaos, the subject of many yonglu, so that the heroes of the world drink hate, the heavens are difficult to rely on. If my Father takes advantage of its ruggedness and strangles its dangers, then the geographical advantages are still there, and the hearts of the people can be reaped. Long Yue: "Knowing the times is Junjie." If you recruit me to weigh me heavily, you will honor me. Once you lose, you will beg for mercy, and then you will not be able to regret it. The shaft is invisible, and it is prudent not to talk about it! When he saw that the dragon did not obey, he took his clothes and knelt down and cried: "The husband and tiger must not leave the mountain, and the fish must not leave the abyss; if you leave the mountain, you will lose its prestige, and if you leave the abyss, you will be trapped and killed when you climb the mountain." My Father should think twice! The dragon saw that success was repetitive, and he was tired of hearing his sleeves.
"Success saw the dragon did not obey, led his clothes, kneeling and crying" all "kneeling and crying", which shows the despair and sorrow in Zheng Chenggong's heart at that time, first, the old father actually wanted to shave his hair and surrender to the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong can be described as sad and shocked by this. And how did the Northern Dynasty believe in it?! In fact, Zheng Zhilong, Zheng Chenggong father and son did not get along for long, I can say that Zheng Chenggong's own value final formation and Nanjing Guozijian and teacher Qian Qianyi are absolutely inseparable, and then, he found that his father, his relatives went to his opposite, which shows the anger in Zheng Chenggong's heart at that time.
In this dialogue, Zheng Chenggong also made the stakes between the Qing Dynasty and Baoming very clear, and later history also proved this point: "The husband and tiger must not leave the mountain, and the fish must not get out of the abyss; if you leave the mountain, you lose its prestige, and if you leave the mountain, you will be trapped and killed when you climb the mountain." My Father should think twice! "That is, Zheng Zhilong's descent to Beijing is equivalent to directly sticking his head under the knife of the Qing army, but the stakes between this are clearly explained, and Zheng Zhilong cannot be pulled back, that is to say, Zheng Chenggong is watching his old father who has worked hard for half a lifetime go to Beijing and give his life to the Qing Dynasty. It was the first stimulus for him.
The second stimulus came faster, Zheng Zhilong had already decided to surrender, on November 15, 1646, Zheng Zhilong invited to see Belle Bolo, the two sides folded arrows as an oath, the Qing court promised Zheng Zhilong to reuse, after three days of drinking, Boluo suddenly sent an order in the middle of the night to pull the camp back to Beijing, ordered Zheng Zhilong to go north with the army, Zheng Zhilong reacted this time, but it was over, just like this, he never had the opportunity to meet with his wife and son Zheng Chenggong, Qing Shunzhi was beheaded in Beijing for eighteen years with his relatives.
Shunzhi.
Only a dozen days after Zheng Zhilong descended to the north, the Qing army actually launched a large-scale attack on Anping: "Zheng Zhibao, Zhi Peng, and others were afraid of the might of the army and did not dare to fight; they gathered their people, took their family assets and children to the giant ships, abandoned the city and went out to the sea. The successful birth mother, Weng Shi, held a sword and refused to go, and it was not possible to be strong again. When the soldiers arrived, Weng Shi resolutely drew his sword and cut his stomach and died. Successfully heard the news, the trumpet cried, and the FeiSu Feishi came. And when Han Dai saw that the ships were blocking the sea, he did not dare to defend them and abandoned them to return to the spring. He buried his mother, reorganized the city, and guarded it with Zhi Leopard and Zhi Peng. It was said that the Qing generals wanted to occupy the Tagawa clan, but the Tagawa clan broke his mouth and scolded, and was eventually killed.
The old father and a bunch of relatives were tricked by the Qing Dynasty into going to Beijing, his wife was killed by the Qing army, the Zheng forces in various places fell apart, the family business was almost destroyed, as a young man who had systematically received Confucian education, he had so many grievances with the Qing court, saying that Zheng Chenggong had prepared to surrender to the Qing, I think it is unlikely.
The Qing and Zheng sides continued to attack and kill each other.
Then let's go on to talk about the Qing Zheng discussion and the incident, which is actually often used as evidence that Zheng Chenggong deliberately surrendered. But in fact, as long as you think about it carefully, or look at the experience of the Qing and Zheng sides from the seventh year of the Yongli calendar to the eighth year of the Yongli calendar, it is not difficult to find two points: First of all, "Qing Zheng Yihe" is a pseudo-concept, because once the discussion is successful, the result is that Zheng Chenggong's Ming army surrendered to the Qing, so for the Qing side, this time it is not a negotiation at all, but a solicitation, and the two sides are not equal relations at all, so you will find that many Qing Fang's letters to Zheng Chenggong are roughly summarized as Wang Situ's line in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms: "My ancestor Emperor Wen." , Shenwen Shengwu, inheriting the Great Unification, Ying Tianheren, Fa Yao Zen Shun, and ruling All Nations in China, is this not the will of Tianxin? Now that gong has great talents, holding a big instrument to compare himself with Guan Zhong, Le Yi, why should he act against heaven's reason and against human feelings? Don't you hear the clouds of the ancients: those who follow the heavens prosper, and those who go against the heavens die? Now I Great Wei (Qing) with a million armor, good generals thousands of members. How can the fluorescent light of rotten grass such as Yu'er compare to the haoyue of the sky? If you turn against the grain and surrender with Lilly, will you not lose your throne as a marquis, and the country will be at peace and happiness, will you not be beautiful? ”
Heavily armored infantry.
Doesn't Zheng Chenggong understand that this so-called "peace negotiation" is to let him tie his hands and grab it? From many of his reactions, he did not have any sincerity to negotiate peace at all, for example, in August of the seventh year of the Yong calendar, the Qing Dynasty sealed the emissaries to Anping on the twenty-fourth day, Ye Chengge, Ah Shan to Quan, and Order Zhou Jiwu to say: "The clan does not shave its head, does not accept the edict; If you don't shave your head, you don't have to see each other. "Fan Lingzhi did not answer him. The envoys were stationed at the spring to be reported. Refuse to shave your hair.
Later, in correspondence with his father Zheng Zhilong, he said: "Gaiye and Ah are ministers, and they are enshrined in Fujian, not only to preach virtue, but also to establish an auspicious people." Today the people are in poverty, and there are so many sons and daughters. In Quanyueyu, he witnessed the removal of the scarf and did not consult with his children, how the officers and soldiers were placed, how to set up grain and wages, and how to use the word shaving to coerce. When the children shave their hair, even if they are shaved, will they shave their hair? Even if hundreds of thousands of people shave their hair a day? If you are not at ease, that is, you fall into shape, can you keep it from radicalizing? Ye and A do not always plan, only make rash words, do not consult with the state's humble heart, but add up in vain. That is, Li De, Yi Er Chaye, came all the way with the envoy, and he was fierce at every turn. What is Li De's crime? He did not want to threaten Li De, but really wanted to threaten Er. He who observes people is not encouraged by what he encourages, but ignores what he does. Before receiving the edict, Judah Yin Le; After receiving the edict, he was coerced. The envoys are still like this, and the court knows it. Can it be dangerous? Can it be ununderminated? The situation is famous and famous, if you make you go and engage in it, you will not see the importance of the Qing Dynasty, but also laugh at the world. Most of the Qing Dynasty treated my father with courtesy outside, and my father was treated with strange goods on the inside. This edict and the edict clearly intend to borrow the Father to threaten the Son. A threat is everything, and how can a child be a threat? And when my father went to see Belle, he fell into the womb, and he who has been able to get all of it to this day is also very fortunate. In case my father is unfortunate, and the heavens are destined, the son can only take revenge in order to tie the game of loyalty and filial piety. ”
Ironclad Army.
To sum up, a sentence is "take the Qing one does not talk about credit, the second discussion and the attitude of the messenger is not good, I do not surrender" to put it bluntly, the envoys of the Qing court are to appease you Zheng Chenggong, in a sense, in this process, the two sides of the Qing and Zheng are not reciprocal relations, but the superficial relationship between the monarch and the subject, if there is really sincerity, you can shave your head and then bargain. As for why he wanted to play this piece of Taijiquan, he himself said very clearly in his letter to the Qing court: "The old practice of guarding the Fujian general soldiers and managing the whole Wen place, the teeth and teeth are wrong, and the good has a deep meaning." If the five provinces of Wen, Tai, Ning, Shao, and Chu appointed Tunza to dispatch and receive Zhoushan, so that Kou had no place to steal and the place was quiet, this could also relieve the suffering of Cangsheng hanging upside down, and express the worries of the imperial court to the south. From the two Zhejiang provinces to Fujian and Guangdong, there is no Yangbo. If it is true, it is also possible to play the skin work, to calculate the day and get it, and to know that the imperial court has appointed people in the sea, and it is not endless! To put it bluntly, it was just a deception of the territory, and at the same time, under the pretext that he had been knighted by the Qing court, he sent people to the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong to collect grain and wages, and in the process of negotiating peace, Zheng Chenggong and Li Dingguo also had continuous correspondence.
Li Dingguo.
To sum it up, it is "I, Zhu Chenggong, let the princes of the Ming Dynasty do not do it, why should I shave my head and run to Beijing and let others slaughter me?" ”
In correspondence with his brother, Zheng Chenggong said the following: "Even if he is not forced to shave his hair, he still cannot. And who painted the cake? Born in the mountains, the tiger and leopard are afraid of everything, and once they enter the threshold, they wag their tails and beg for mercy, knowing that they are not enough to control it. The phoenix soars in the thousands of people, above, leisurely between the universe, let it cross and cross, transcendent and detached from the world. Brother's name is Huayi for a long time, and he uses soldiers to become old, is there a person who gives up the phoenix and becomes a tiger and a leopard? But my brother is good to his parents, and he has done his filial piety, and from now on, do not think of his brother as a thought. belch! Han has Ziyu and Kong Ming, Chu has Wu Shang and Zixu, and between brothers, each has its own ambitions and fulfills its duties. Brother does not dare to encourage, brother does not dare to encourage! Because they are parted, they do not fulfill their wishes. Perhaps these words can represent Zheng Chenggong's intentions, using Wu Zixu and Zhuge Liang as a metaphor, what Zheng Chenggong expresses to his family is self-evident.
infantry.
The stakes between The Qing Dynasty and Bao Ming were already clear to him as early as when his father surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and it was also a fact that the Qing Fang did not keep his promise, and there was a maternal vendetta, so how could he really be willing to commit himself to the Qing court? What's more, in the previous five years of the Yong Calendar, there was another act of King Qin to save the car, which led to Xiamen being secretly attacked, and his wife Lady Dong and the eldest son Zheng Jing only carried the ancestral tablet to avoid the sea to escape the disaster, at this time Zheng Chenggong was also preparing to go south to Qin Wang, only because the army's heart was disturbed, he was forced to withdraw to Xiamen to clean up the mess.