< h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" > introduction</h1>
In the 14th year of Zhenguan (640 AD), Li Shimin, the Emperor Taizong of Tang, who defeated the Turks and was pro-Tubo, was honored with the title of "Heavenly Khan" under the praises of many subjugated nomads. The whole world is the land of the Khan and the subjects, and the meaning behind the name of the Heavenly Khan really makes Li Shimin very happy. However, among the many ethnic minorities of the Pilgrim Khan, there is an inconspicuous ethnic group, which is the ghost people. Who are the ghost people?
The Wandering Ghost People, the Koriaks, the indigenous people who inhabit Kamchatka today. The strength of the Chinese Empire in the Tang Dynasty did spread the influence of Chinese culture far and wide, prompting tribes in remote areas to send hajj pilgrims. However, at that time, Li Shimin, who was high above the temple and was worshiped by the group, did not notice this small tribe in the corner. However, the forgetting of the Heavenly Khan does not mean that the historians who have faithfully recorded the Tang Dynasty will be lost. So a short record of the flowing ghost people appeared in the history of Tang: there was a flowing ghost country in the north of the North Sea, which was fifteen thousand miles away from Chang'an. In the fourteenth year of Zhenguan, he sent his son Ke ye Yu Zhi as an emissary to Chang'an, and Emperor Taizong of Tang made Yu Zhi a knight. A short line of words unexpectedly records this tribe that wandered through the circles of East Asian civilizations. Now that the millennium has passed, what have the Corillacs experienced?
Today's Corillac people
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" > northeast trade route: let the ghost people prosper for a hundred years! </h1>
Can Yu Zhi, the son of the chieftain of the 14-year-old Liu Ghost People (i.e., the Koryak people) of the Zhenguan Dynasty, go on a pilgrimage to Chang'an City in the Tang Dynasty to make a pilgrimage to the Heavenly Khan - Is Li Shimin really only intimidated by the prestige of Tang Taizong? Apparently not. The main purpose of the wandering ghosts who came to the dynasty was still economic interests, that is, trade with the Central Plains. After all, although the Kamchatka Peninsula, where the ghost people have lived for generations, is rich in natural resources, daily necessities such as iron, silk, and porcelain are still scarce. Therefore, the pilgrimage of the wandering ghost people can also be Yu Zhi to find direct trade resources. Couldn't the exiled ghosts have been able to obtain these living materials before Tang Taizong? In fact, they can obtain it, but this acquisition needs to be transferred to the entrepot trade of other tribes in the northeast region such as Muwei. This trade not only makes the quality of the goods they receive poor, but also costs them dearly. Therefore, under the pressure of this reality, going south to find a direct trade route is naturally the thing that the ghost people are most eager for.
In fact, as early as hundreds of years ago, the Han Dynasty ghost people had a trade route that was almost directly traded with the Central Plains. At that time, the powerful Han Dynasty controlled Liaodong and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, and if it used merchant ships to trade, it could be directly connected to Kamchatka. Of course, due to the lack of historical data, we cannot speculate on the specific trade routes in Northeast Asia at that time. But when time entered the Jin Dynasty, the infighting of the royal family of the faint Jin Dynasty caused the collapse of the unified dynasty of the Central Plains. As a result, the situation of small countries has increased the difficulty of the southbound trade of the wandering ghosts. By the end of the Sixteen Kingdoms, Liaodong had fallen to Goguryeo, and the passage to the south to the Central Plains was completely closed, and they could only trade with Goguryeo, the hegemon of Northeast Asia. The scarcity of Goguryeo historical materials also makes it impossible for us to understand the trade situation in Northeast Asia, but it is certain that the Attack on Goguryeo launched by the Sui and Tang Dynasties to recover Liaodong seriously affected the wandering ghosts. Although the ghost people lived in remote areas, it seemed that their international vision was not bad (perhaps from the Turkic side), and they were able to take the initiative to send high-level personnel (sons of chiefs) to the Central Plains. So did the Tang Dynasty respond at that time? Yes, it is just that Goguryeo has not been destroyed and cannot rebuild the trade routes of Northeast Asia!
This wait is not long! In the first year of the General Chapter (668 AD), after 28 years of the pilgrimage of the ghostly ke ye Yu Zhi to Tang Taizong, Goguryeo was completely overthrown by the Tang Dynasty. With the fall of Goguryeo, the Northeast Asian cultural circle, which was originally independent of the Chinese civilization circle, was completely incorporated into the Central Plains dynasty system. Northeast Asian trade routes with Goguryeo as the core were also officially transferred to the Tang Dynasty. Thus a trade route that the ghost people dreamed of was born! This trade route stretching from liaodong to kamchatka from the north to the Kamchatka Peninsula has been prosperous for a long time. Even in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, due to the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty lost control of Liaodong, and was able to operate normally under the maintenance of the bohai state, an ethnic minority state in the northeast region. This was the case until the Khitans rose and destroyed the Bohai state!
Goguryeo murals
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > forgotten in the Song Dynasty: the marginalization of the Corillacs! </h1>
The end of the wandering ghost people's southward trade route stemmed from the rise of the Khitans. In 926, the Khitans who marched east invaded the Bohai State, established a new Dongdan State on the basis of the original territory of the Bohai State, and then withdrew the Dongdan Direct Administration, thus the important transit of the southward trade of the ghost - the Bohai State disappeared. So didn't the Khitans who annexed the Bohai State think of rebuilding the northeast Asian trade routes? Apparently not. There are two reasons behind this: first, the Khitan who were originally nomadic people are not familiar with navigation, so they will not and will not rebuild; second, the Song and Liao wars have greatly constrained the energy of the Khitan people, making it impossible for them to pay attention to the remote Kamchatka Peninsula. Thus began the nearly thousand-year process of marginalization of the ghost people. Is it really hard to avoid the oblivion of the ghost people? Not really!
In the nearly two hundred years since the Bohai State and became an important transit point for the maritime trade route in Northeast Asia, there is another country in the region that has also assumed part of the responsibility of trade transit, which is Silla. Silla, the greatest beneficiary of the Tang conquests of Goguryeo and Baekje, had nearly unified the Korean Peninsula and the Bohai State by the end of the Tang Dynasty. However, the prosperity declined, and in 896 AD, a peasant rebel army triggered by the brutal rule of the Silla Kingdom, the Red Pants Army, approached the capital. In this context, the former Goguryeo and Baekje royal families of the nobles took advantage of the situation to divide the side. The Korean Peninsula has once again entered a situation of three countries. Of course, this situation did not last long. In 918, the later Silla lord of the Kingdom of Bow raised an army to establish a state of Goryeo. After decades of conquest and finally collapsed in 936, Baekje became the only power on the Korean Peninsula. However, the Goryeo built by Wang Jian did not inherit the operation of the Northeast Asian Route by Silla and Bohai, and Goryeo, which was deeply influenced by the Liao and Song Dynasties, eventually chose the mainland policy and completely abandoned the sea.
Goryeo's withdrawal has left the Rogues completely an overseas island. Even the Yuan Dynasty, which ended the Jin Song's submission to Goryeo, forgot about it. A country that the Mongols, with a strong desire to expand, could not be expected to inherit the Ming and Qing dynasties of the Yuan Dynasty. After the three dynasties of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties determined the limit of the Outer Northeast-Sakhalin Island line as the civilization circle of the Central Plains, the ghost people completely degenerated. Their civilization came to a complete standstill and eventually degenerated into a primitive tribe, clinging to the Chukchi peoples who were also in the Far East until they were discovered by another people who had expanded from west to east. Closed for nearly a thousand years, when outsiders once again set foot on their territory, is it a blessing or a curse for them?
The Goryeo royal family
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > harsh reality: the seizure of the land and the expulsion of its people, the catastrophe of the modern Corians! </h1>
It is clear that the Russians who are moving east do not have any good intentions. They conquered the Siberian Mongols, Kyrgyz and Buryat Mongols on their way eastward, and provoked the war between the Dzungar Khanate and the Qing Empire. Although there were victories and defeats along the way, it seems that the Russians have a good set of methods against the nomadic fishing and hunting peoples. Guns and cannons, under the shining sabers of the Cossack cavalry, there are only obedient subjects, otherwise they are blood and heads. The greedy yet indiscriminate Russians were indeed a disaster for the nomadic fishing and hunting peoples of northern Asia. In 1699, the Russian Expeditionary Force appeared on the coast of Kamchatka, and the nightmare of the wandering ghosts began!
Like all the peoples on Russia's way eastward, the Rogues, renamed the Corians by Russia, began a century of resistance. Resistance began with the Russian seizure of Petropavlovsk. The southeastern part of Kamchatka, where Petropavlovsk is located, is a natural fishing and hunting ground and harbor due to the presence of the Japanese Warm Current. The Russian occupation left the Corians without a natural fishing and hunting ground, so resistance was inevitable. However, reading the advanced guns of the Russians, the Corillacs, who still used primitive cold weapons, were naturally difficult to resist and had to withdraw into the interior of the Kamchatka Peninsula. However, the resistance of the Koryaks made the Russians realize that Petropavlovsk, which was backed by the sea, was not safe and would still be invaded by nomadic fishing and hunting peoples. Thus, driven by the pursuit of a complete unification of the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Russians began to go deep inland to eliminate the Koryaks, which opened the prelude to a century-long conquest movement.
Taking advantage of their familiarity with kamchatka and their greater hardiness, the Corians slowly retreated in layers of fortifications, inflicting heavy casualties on the Russians. But greedy Russia didn't care about the number of deaths, so the Century's War finally left the already small Koriaks unsupported. They eventually surrendered to Russia in the 18th century. But will surrender free the Russians from oppression? No way! Heavy fur taxes coupled with the russians' whether slaves were plundering made it difficult for the Kolyaks to go north to join their brother race, the Chukchi. However, the Chukchis were also unable to protect themselves under the sabers of the Russians, so they had to huddle together for warmth. Unfortunately, even the group could not drive away the cold light of the Cossack saber, and they could only be trapped in the ice sea and snow.
Today's Peter Pavlovsk
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > final chapter: no one cares about their lives, and the Corians continue to be poor to this day! </h1>
After the conquests of modern Russia, the Koryaks completely retreated to the northern part of kamchatka and lived with their brother tribe, the Chukchi. After the October Revolution in Russia, the revolutionary wave that swept through russia eventually washed away to the Colony of the Koryaks. The Russians, under the pseudonym of collectivized public ownership, went deep into the Colony of the Corillacs and forced them to change their traditions and accept Russian culture. As a result, the last trace of the blood of the Koriaks was erased from this purges. However, the Koryaks, who had completed the collectivization of public ownership, did not really achieve an improvement in material living standards, but were forced to move north again because kamchatka was classified as a site for Soviet ICBM tests. The colder north made life more difficult for the Koryaks, and the subsidies given by the Soviet government only made it possible to sustain them! However, even this subsidy disappeared completely with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Today the Koryaks are less than five thousand and belong to a very small ethnic group in Russia. However, the rarity of the Koryaks is still not taken seriously, and the Koryaks who practice shamanism and traditional culture are extremely rare today, and presumably in the near future, with the death of the last Korillak who adhere to tradition, this Orthodox and fully Russified people will surely die out!