Clay urn, clay gray pottery, height 60.2 cm, maximum abdominal diameter 62.2 cm.
Aerial view of the general plane of the ruins of the nine ruins.
Small-mouth jar, clay pottery, caliber 15.0 cm, height 10.2 cm. The plain surface is wrinkleless, and the inner and outer walls are rough and uneven.
Clay pot, clay black gray pottery, caliber 38.8 cm, height 12.2 cm. There are wheel marks on the inner and outer walls, and the inner bottom is obviously applied.
□ reporter Wang Cui
Jiujian ruins are located on a high earthen hill one kilometer southwest of Jiujian Village, Sunsheng Town, Datong District, about one kilometer south of Sunsheng Railway Station, and the main railway line passes through its western edge, with a total area of about 210,000 square meters, and the phased site excavation area in 2019 is 500 square meters. After investigation and exploration, this is a cultural relic of the Liaojin period. Based on artifacts and remains unearthed at the site, experts speculate that this site may not be an ordinary inhabited site, or a new type representing the remains of archaeological culture in the Liao-Jin period.
Ancient ruins contain rich historical information and systematic historical structure. Its archaeological work is not to dig for treasures, but to extract those annihilated information and resources, "restore" lost architectural monuments and historical scenes, etc., explore the wisdom of the ancestors, and uncover the mystery of ancient civilization.
In the autumn of 2019, the nine ruins were first unveiled, revealing the tip of the iceberg. Piece by piece, engraved with traces of life a thousand years ago; relics everywhere, telling the life of the ancestors...
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Silent mounds, great cultural relics
In the autumn of 2019, the original ordinary earthen mound, one kilometer southwest of Jiujian Village in Sunsheng Town, Datong District, became a place of great attention due to archaeological excavations at the site: this is an important relic of the Liaojin period - Jiujian Site.
"After investigation and exploration, the total area of the nine sites is about 210,000 square meters, and the excavation area in 2019 is 500 square meters." Yan Xianglin, deputy leader of the archaeological excavation team of jiujian site, director of the municipal cultural relics management station and deputy director of the municipal museum, said that from August to October 2019, after more than 100 days of archaeological excavations, this site of the Liaojin period gradually unveiled its mystery that has not been known for thousands of years, although the excavation area is only two-thousandths of the total area, but its archaeological discoveries have undoubtedly brought many surprises to everyone.
On the 500-square-meter site, more than 50 relics such as housing sites and ash pits were found, more than 500 relics such as pottery, iron, stone tools, bone tools, wood tools, jade and other relics were excavated, and a small number of bricks, tiles, vertebrates and other architectural components were unearthed; the sites were well preserved, the ruins were densely packed, the sites were well shaped, and the ash pits were large in scale. There are indications that the site may not be an ordinary inhabited site.
Yan Xianglin happily told reporters, "This archaeological excavation has created a number of firsts in the archaeological history of Daqing. It is the first active excavation project of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage in Daqing area and the first excavation of Liaojin site in Daqing area. It is not only a proof of the history of Daqing, but also a proof of the history of Heilongjiang. ”
The Daqing Society of Cultural Relics and Museums is applying for the "Research on the Remains of the Jin Dynasty at the Nine Ruins of Datong District" to compare and analyze the relics obtained from the excavation of the nine sites to find out the development context of the sites; to analyze and compare the nine sites with the same type of sites in Heilongjiang and northeast China, to clarify the heritage value, comprehensive protection and development, and lay the foundation for the future archaeological excavation and heritage protection work in Daqing City; to reproduce the production and life trajectory of the ancestors through archaeological excavations, and to create the nine sites
to protect and utilize, especially for Daqing Cultural Tourism
Integrate development and explore new paths.
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The Liaojin site, why excavations began 10 years later
"As early as the second national census of cultural relics in 1982, nine architectural sites entered the field of archaeologists." As the director of the municipal cultural relics management station, Yan Xianglin is very familiar with the "nine ruins", he said, Tang Guowen and others who were then the municipal cultural relics management station found architectural ruins of about 3 kilometers long from north to south and about 1 kilometer wide from east to west, with dense surface pottery pieces and imitation porcelain pieces, and in the ruins of about 100 square meters of buildings, specimens of clay pottery components such as barrel tiles, plate tiles, animal face tiles, lotus flower tiles, tile heads, remnant phoenix heads, phoenix wings, phoenix tails, animal curl tongues, and animal feet were collected.
The Jiujian site once again attracted everyone's attention, and in the summer of 2009, during the third national cultural relics census, a large number of cloth tiles were found on the site. In the same year, the Jiujian site was officially identified as the Liaojin Site and officially became a member of the Daqing Municipal Cultural Protection Unit.
It has been identified as a Liaojin site, why did it take 10 years before excavations began?
"The research here has not stopped." Yan Xianglin explained that the Datong District, where the nine sites are located, is an important area for the study of the history and culture of the Song and Liaojin dynasties, and among the 23 ancient sites discovered so far, 17 are Song and Liaojin period sites, so the excavation and research of the Song and Liaojin culture in the Datong area has always been the focus of research by experts and scholars at all levels in the provincial and urban areas, "to become the first excavation project in the archaeological history of Daqing, to be able to obtain the consent and support of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, it is inseparable from a person and a seminar in May 2017." ”
The person Yan Xianglin is talking about is Lu Guoming, an archaeologist in Datong District, who has always been obsessed with the study of local sites, and wrote an article in 2013, "A Preliminary Study of the Tiankai Hall of the Jin Dynasty Palace", expounding his views on the nine sites, "The nine architectural sites are about 3 kilometers long from north to south and about 1 kilometer wide from east to west, which is consistent with the scale of the Jin Dynasty Palace Tiankai Hall. ”
The proposal of this view has triggered a shock in the academic community and the actions of the administrative community. Therefore, Duan Danfei, director of the Bureau of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Datong District, and Zhang Qingfeng, director of the Datong Historical Exhibition Hall, organized and coordinated the "Jinyuan Culture Seminar in Datong Region". Famous historians, cultural relics and archaeology researchers, professors and relevant experts from Daqing City came to Datong to investigate, interview, discuss and certify, so that the nine sites that have been silent for nearly a thousand years have once again entered people's field of vision, and opened the prelude to unveiling the mystery of the nine sites.
"It is necessary to formulate a detailed plan for the protection of cultural relics and further study the protection and excavation of local historical sites." After the seminar, Wang Dong, director of the Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film and Television and Tourism, mentioned it many times.
At the beginning of 2019, the Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology submitted an application to the State Administration of Cultural Heritage to carry out archaeological excavations at the Jiujian site in Datong District, Daqing City, and soon obtained the consent and support of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, and was awarded the "Archaeological Excavation License of the Jiujian Sites" in April of the same year.
On July 22, 2019, an archaeological team composed of the Provincial Institute of Archaeology, the Department of Archaeology of Heilongjiang University, the Daqing Municipal Cultural Relics Management Station, and the Datong District Cultural Relics Management Institute officially settled in jiujian primary schools, and the archaeological excavation of the nine sites was also launched.
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There are differences in the same, and the ruins look at the wisdom of the life of the Liaojin ancestors
Liu Xiaodong, deputy director and researcher of the Provincial Archaeological Institute, is the leader of this archaeological excavation.
Liu Xiaodong believes that from the excavated relics, most of them have the common characteristics of the archaeological and cultural remains of the Liaojin period in Heilongjiang, but there are also some relatively individual characteristics.
For example, among the excavated pottery fragments, the proportion of individual larger pottery is relatively high, which seems to be different from ordinary residential sites; the excavated brick tiles and vertebrates and other architectural component fragments can be confirmed to have been moved from other locations, indicating that there may be brick and tile buildings of a certain scale in the site, reflecting the existence of a certain level of administrative structure or religious relics in the site area at that time; there are narrow partition beams between some ash pit ruins in the excavation area, which seems to be related to the tangible layout. It is suspected that it may be related to the production of certain types of objects or materials at that time; from the perspective of the phenomenon of ruins, no city wall has been found at the site, and if it is finally confirmed that there is no after subsequent on-site excavation, considering the scale of the site, this site may represent a type of settlement form in the Liaojin period.
Combined with the discoveries in the relics, Bao Shuguang, director of the Department of Archaeology of Heilongjiang University and executive leader of the archaeological excavation, and Guo Meiling, a guidance teacher, believe that large artifacts such as cylinders and jars should not be used daily by nomadic people, and users should have a certain degree of settler. In addition, the architectural style in the site reflects the characteristics of the northeast, very regular, the material is relatively hard, they believe, it should be caused by fire for a long time.
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Promising, or a new type of archaeological and cultural relics of the Liao-Jin dynasty
"This site is likely to represent a new type of archaeological and cultural relics of the Liaojin period, and provides important information for the study of large-scale non-urban sites in the Daqing region and even in the Heilongjiang region of the Liaojin period." For the value of the nine sites, Yan Xianglin said that from an archaeological point of view, the types of remains include house sites, tombs, cellars, city sites, villages, etc. The remains of the Liaojin period in our province are generally city sites with walls, and the nine sites are very large, the survey and exploration results are 210,000 square meters, but no city walls have been found at present, "although this does not mean that there are no city walls, but in this case, the ruins of the city walls are still relatively rare." ”
Not only that, Bao Shuguang and Guo Meiling both said that from the excavated pottery, the pottery technology at that time was very mature, reflecting certain local characteristics, especially the ornamental pottery pieces, which were not found in the archaeology of the Liaojin period in the past.
The 500-square-meter archaeological excavation reveals the tip of the iceberg at the Nine Sites. What kind of secrets does the 210,000-square-meter site contain? For now, it remains a mystery.
"There are still too many unknowns to be excavated, and further excavation research should be done." We have applied for excavation again with the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and obtained a 500 square meter archaeological excavation license. Yan Xianglin said that because the excavation area is relatively small and partial, it has not fully exposed and reflected the appearance of the site, but its scientific research value has been reflected, but there are still more academic issues to explore.
(Image courtesy of the interviewee)