The blue water danxia of Wuyi Mountain
Author | Tang Yongzhong
Wuyi Mountain belongs to the typical Danxia landform, the magic of nature, creating a miracle of thirty-six peaks towering, surrounded by nine curves of Qingxi, known as "Bishui Danshan", "Qixiujia Southeast" reputation, is one of the first batch of national key scenic spots, in December 1999 was listed by UNESCO "World Heritage List", won the "World Natural and Cultural Dual Heritage".
The beauty of Wuyi Mountain lies in the mountain. Due to the movement of the earth's crust, gravity collapse, rain erosion, weathering and peeling, the shape of the mountain has undergone a fantastic change: the mountain color is purple and red due to rock oxidation, and the mountain shape is tilted eastward due to squeezing, which is the most typical development among more than 200 Danxia landforms in the country. The movement of the earth's crust makes the strange peaks and strange rocks here in a variety of shapes, some straight into the clouds, some straddling for miles, some like hanging screens, and some born with rainbow bridges. The beauty of Wuyi Mountain lies in the water. There are many clear springs, waterfalls, mountain streams and streams in the foothills of Wuyi Mountain. Among them, the most beautiful is the Nine-Curved Creek, the mountains and rivers, the water around the mountains, the babbling of the water, the ethereal clouds, the poetry into the painting, the unique style. "Ququ Mountain turns around, peaks and peaks and waters embrace the stream", is a portrayal of jiuqu creek to convey the gods.
Xu Xiake's route of "first arriving at Jiuqu, then exploring the calendar along the river", visited the beautiful natural landscape of Danxia Landscape, explored and inspected historical and cultural sites such as Ziyang Academy, JiaYuan Boat, Da Hong Pao Tea Tree, etc., and examined the "Seeing Pavilion" as a "Du Jurisdiction". The beautiful scenery of the Nine-Curved Stream" has "pavilions and bamboo, cliffs on all sides, overlooking out of thin air, true immortals and mortals", "Falling light invading pines, mountains and waters, intercourse", "looking at the sunset semi-regular, far and near peaks, blue and purple", "surrounded by four mountains, there are flat and curved streams, surrounded by pine and green bamboo, chicken sounds, all in the green micro", from far to near, vividly remembered. At the Lingfeng Climbing Rock: "At the north end of the rock, there is a rock yuqi: there is a cliff above and below, and there is only one line between the walls, and it must be crouched and snaked, and the wall is coiled, but it can be entered." The outer wall of the pass is deep, and the rest creeps forward, and the chest and back rub against each other, circling for a long time, and getting the danger. "The description of Danxia's Danya Chibi and the seam of the ground is very meticulous, as if he had experienced it firsthand.
Read endless Wuyi Bishui Danshan
In February 1616, in a season of long grass warblers flying and flowers blooming, the journey to Wuyi Mountain began in the morning glow. In the three-day scientific expedition travel book in the wilderness, we read the beautiful scenery of Wuyi Mountain.
In the distance, there is a stream flowing from the watershed in the northwest, and the stream in the northeast flows from Wenling Pass, and the two waters flow into the south of the county, through the county and the province and into the sea. Thirty miles down the river, the boat saw a mountain on the side of the creek that sloped sideways, and a peak towered independently. I was surprised and noticed, the horizontal mountain was manting peak, and the towering mountain was Dawang Peak. There is a stream on the south side of the mountain, and to the east, it flows into Tahiti, which is Wuyi Creek. The back of ChongYou Palace is surrounded by mountainside water, and the front is bordered by stream water. Get a closer look at the Nine Curves, and then go down the stream to see the wonders, so you abandon the ChongYou Palace instead of going to the door, and go against the current. The water rushed, and the porters walked barefoot in the stream to pull the fiber forward. In the first song, on the right is Manting Peak and Dawang Peak, and on the left are Lion Peak and Guanyin Rock. On the right side of the stream, standing next to the stream is called The Water Light Stone (also known as the Harukawa Stone), which is about a few inches high and is almost full of poetry. The sunset reflects the curved water waves on the rocks, projecting colorful lakes and mountains in the stream. On the right side of Erqu are the Iron Plate Man and Han Mo Yan, and on the left are the Tu Feng Andu Peak and the Jade Girl Peak. Next to the iron plate, the cliff wall is steeply written, and there are three holes in between, making the "pin" character. On the right side of the three curves is the Huixian Rock, and on the left are the Small Tibetan Peak and the Great Tibetan Peak. There are several caves at the top of the cliff, among which many wooden planks are inserted like looms, and a small boat is obliquely framed at the end of the wooden planks at the mouth of the cave, called "rack boats" (that is, hanging coffins). On the right side of the four curves are Diaoyutai and Xizhen Rock, and on the left are Jiqi Rock and Yanxian Rock.
There is a stone hole in the half waist of the chicken perch rock, which is narrow on the outside and spacious on the inside, and the wooden planks are inserted horizontally, as if they are the wooden stakes of the chickens in the chicken nest. There is a pool of water under the steep cliff, the water is deep and blue, it is Wolong Pond. On its right side there is a large hidden screen and a bamboo shoot peak, and on the left side there is a dressing table and a tianzhu peak, which is the five curves. Wengong Academy is just below the Great Hidden Screen Peak. When you arrive at Liuqu, you will see Cactus Rock and Tianyou Peak on the right, and evening peaks and Sound Rock on the left. Looking back at the big hidden screen and the Tianyou Peak, I only saw the tall stone ladder and the cornice dou pavilion, hanging on the peak, and I was very fascinated. The boat I was on could not enter because of the turbulent currents, so I had to return to Caojiashi to anchor.
Climb onto land and enter the cloud nest, push the clouds through the stone cliffs, and wander through the middle of the scattered stone cliffs to find the way. Behind the cloud nest is the pick-up of the bamboo peak, the pick-up peak is juxtaposed and leans on the large hidden screen, and its peak waist is obviously divided into two sections, so it is called "picking up the bamboo peak". Along the stone cliff pass on its side, climb several stone steps, and the distant view is surrounded by mountains on all sides, and the gap in the middle is like a palm, which is the tea cave. The mouth of the tea cave enters from the west, the south of the cave mouth is the Sunfeng Peak, the north is the Cactus Rock; the east of the Cactus Rock is the Tianyou Peak, and the south of the Tianyou Peak is the Great Hidden Screen. The upper part of each mountain peak is extremely steep, and the lower part is very compact, there is no stone road outside, except for a gap in the west, which is more strange and majestic than the Ming Rock of Tiantai Mountain. Climb from the middle of the mountain, climb the large hidden screen, to the extremely steep cliff, the suspension of large wooden ladders, clinging to the rock wall straight between the clouds. The wooden ladder is connected by three large logs, for a total of eighty-one steps. The steps are exhausted, with chains tied across the mountainside and stone ridges chiseled below for foot stomping. Climbing the chain to the west and turning along the mountain, there are ridges in between the rock walls on both sides, like a drooping tail, chiseled with stone stones to ascend, which is the peak of the big hidden screen. There are pavilions at the top of the peak, there are green bamboo, and on all sides are cliffs and cliffs, looking down out of thin air, and it is really a fairyland and a mortal world that is far away. Still descending from the suspended wooden staircase to the tea cave. Looking up at the place where you have climbed, it seems to be in the middle of the heavenly river.
The stone cliffs north of the pass are cactus rocks. The rock wall stands on the edge of the stream, majestic and wide, and there are spots in the middle of the rock wall that resemble the palm of a person, and there are dozens of lines that are more than one inch long. Climb up the cliff from the north to the ridge, where the sunset is enchanted by pine forests, the mountains are beautiful, and the streams are twisting and turning. Turn south and walk through the narrow valley. The valley is exhausted, and suddenly a mountain peak appears, on three sides is steep and steep, and there is a pavilion built on the peak, that is, Tianyou Peak. Tianyou Peak is located in the middle of the Jiuqu Creek, but not near the stream, and the Jiuqu Stream surrounds it from three sides. Looking east is Dawang Peak, surrounded by a stream of one to three curves; looking south is the changing platform, and the closest thing to the south is the peaks such as the Great Hidden Screen, and the streams of four to six curves surround them; looking west is the Three Sect Peaks, and the closest to the west is the peaks such as Tianhu Peak, and the streams of seven curves to nine curves surround them. Only to the north is there no stream, and the mountains stretch from the layers of mountains such as The Curtain Peak and hang up here. The place where I had leaned over before was the Tea Cave. Looking up from the tea cave, but seeing the steep rock wall straight into the sky, the spring water pouring down from the rocks on the side, at first I didn't know that there were peaks above it to visit and rest. If you want to see the scenery of Jiuqu Creek without visiting Jiuqu Creek in person, this mountain should of course be the first peak. Standing on the peak platform, looking at the semi-circular sunset that is sinking in the west, the countless peaks in the distance and near show thousands of cyan and purple scenes.
Climb to the water's edge and bid farewell to Cactus Rock and head west. On the right side of the seventh song are Sanyang Peak and Tianhu Peak, and on the left is Chenggaoyan. Under the Three Yang Peak is a small Taoyuan, with cracked cliffs and staggered rock piles, forming a stone gate outside. Bending in from the stone gate, there is a piece of land, surrounded by mountains, in the middle of which there are flat fields and curved streams, pines and green bamboo around the courtyard, the sound of chickens, the sound of people's voices, all reverberating in the green water and green mountains. Walk out of the stone gate and head west, there is the North Corridor Rock, and the top of the rock is Tianhu Peak. The high rocks of the city on the opposite bank rise high in the sky, and the cliffs on all sides are like knives, like walls. There is a nunnery on top of the castle high rock, and the suspension wooden ladder can be climbed, but it is not gone because it is separated by the stream. On the right side of the eighth song are drum tower rock and drum rock, and on the left are the big stone and sea grasshopper stone. I passed the west side of the Drum Tower Rock, turned the mountain dock, climbed to the top of the mountain, there are two rocks standing upright, very similar to the drum, this is the drum rock. The height and width of The Drum Rock are also like the high rocks of the city, and the deep mountain pass under the rock is like a long corridor, and there are houses built across the mountain pass, called Drum Zi An. Looking up at the rock, there are many wooden planks inserted horizontally in the scattered caves. Turning to the back of the rock, there is a cave between the rock walls that is deeper and more spacious, called Wugong Cave. The wooden ladder of Wugong Cave has been destroyed and cannot be climbed. Looking at the Three Sects Peak and running, along the mountain over the stone steps, to the Three Sects Peak, there is a pavilion built next to the peak, sit in the pavilion to watch the scenery, to the east you can overlook the drum tower peak, drum rock all over the beautiful scenery. There are three peaks at the top of the mountain, the rocks are exposed and tall and towering. Climb the stone steps from the cracks in the stone cliffs, and there is a pavilion next to the stone cliffs. Through the pavilion into the stone gate, the two cliffs face each other, the middle is very narrow, the cliff wall is towering into the clouds, the peak is standing, the middle is a line of sky, up and down is only more than a foot wide, people walking in it, can't help but make people feel creepy and creepy. Three peaks stand in clusters, which are cracks between the two peaks; there are two cracks on their sides, but there is no such knife and axe split. Then I went down the mountain and turned to the back of the mountain, and saw a mountain peak standing opposite the cat stone, circling and stretching like a drum rock, which was the white cloud cave of Lingfeng. Reaching the summit, climbing up the stone steps from the stone crevices, the gap between the cliffs on both sides is very narrow, similar to the Heavenly Gate of Huangshan Mountain. After walking the stone steps, follow the winding mountain path to the bottom of the stone rock. The use of rock carvings to carve houses is also the same as drum rock.
Climbing the tall building and looking south, upstream of Jiuqu, there is a small oasis standing in the stream, and the stream flows from the west, encircling the oasis on all sides and re-merging into a clear stream at Jiuqu. There are two mountains outside the oasis, gradually opening up, and by this point the Nine Curves have been exhausted. This mountain rock is at the end of the Nine Curves, and the rock walls overlap and loop, which is particularly quiet and refreshing. At the end of the north side of the rock, there is a rock strange: above and below are very steep stone walls, the concave place between the stone walls is only a line wide, and the creeping body crawls like a snake, coiling around the stone wall and crossing over it before it can enter. I crawled from the recess, and soon the recesses gradually became low, and the stone walls became more and more dangerous, so I bent down and bent my back; the low recesses of the rock walls became lower and narrower, so I crawled like a snake, and when I reached the bend of the wall, the upper and lower hanging was only seven inches, only one foot and five wide, and outside the wall, the rock wall was as deep as ten thousand. I crawled forward, my chest and back rubbing against the rocks, ignoring the pain, and circled for a long time before I was able to cross the dangerous situation. The stone cave is indeed bright and spacious, layered on top of each other, with traces of axe chisels in between, which are difficult to complete if you want to dig a road. After half a day, back to the front rock, and back to the back rock, the new house that has just been built is also very quiet, spacious, and joyful. Walking towards the Nine-Curved Creek, I saw the Lion Rock standing quietly there.
Returning along the stream, across the stream to see the eight-curved human face stone and the seven-curved city high rock, all kinds of beautiful scenery is heart-warming and pleasant, making people linger. Mooring the cruise ship again, from the cloud nest into the tea cave, the cave is deep and twisted, the wonders and strange rocks, the second time to here, see the strange scenery in the cave, people can no longer bear to leave! Then he turned left from the cloud nest and entered the Fuxi Cave, which was dark and terrifying. Exit from the left, reach the south side of the Great Hidden Screen Peak, enter the Ziyang Academy, and pay homage to the statue of Mr. Zhu Xi. Down the rapids of the stream, small boats galloping, the green cliffs on both sides of the stream like flying geese skimming by, the beautiful scenery flew over a little lamenting the speed of the boat. Then cross tianzhu peak, changing rock, and moor the cruise ship at the water's edge on the south bank of The Four Curves. From the "Da Hong Pao" Imperial Tea Garden, climb to the top of Jinji Rock, and the thorns spread over the mountains, making people confused and unable to find a way. When I crossed the rock and came to the stream, I was already under the Jade Girl Peak. Trying to find a glimmer of sky from here, it seems that no one can ask for directions again and again, and the cruise ship is moored under the Jinji Cave, close to each other and not heard. Follow the creek to find a road, and walk forward at the foot of Dazang Peak and Xiaozang Peak. The cliffs between the peaks are high, and the peeling sand and gravel are either blocked or collapsed, and the locals have planted many tea trees on them. Walking through the tea bushes, overlooking the deep pool of blue water from the rock wall, looking up at the cliffs, the beautiful "Immortal School", "Hidden Immortal Grotto" and other scenery, there is no time to identify and watch.
Then we walked to the place where there was a boat (i.e., a hanging coffin) and looked up at the hanging coffin that was half-hanging on the cliff wall, especially like a wooden boat, which was clearer than what had been seen in the stream before. The road west of Dazang Peak was gradually exhausted. Walking into the thorny bushes, climbing the vines of the rock wall and climbing hard, looking back at the rock wall on the west side of the Great Tibetan Peak, there is also a boat, but the two cliffs are opposite and cannot reach there. Suddenly, I saw a cruise ship going up the river from erqu and hurried down the hill to wave the boat over. The boatman rowed ashore to pick me up on the boat, and he was also a tourist who had just come here, and invited me to return to Changyi Rock to visit the beautiful scenery of the first line of sky, tiger roaring rock and so on. Passing where I was mooring my cruise ship, the two boats went down the stream together, planning to climb Manting Peak to explore Dawang Peak. Arrive at the Water Light Stone of Yiqu and agree to wait at the mouth of the creek. I stepped on the shore again, saw that there was a road behind the Temple, and hurried forward to a stone rock, where there were monks chanting Buddhist scriptures, which was Zen Rock. Arrive at the foot of Dawang Peak and look for the Dengxian Stone from the chaotic ditch. The peaks of the mountain next to the Dengxian Stone rise abruptly, showing the shape of looking up, and the crane mold stone between the crevices in the rock walls of the peaks is covered with frost-like white wings, and on the red head, the cracks are like elaborate paintings. The mountain road next to it has come to an end, and there are wooden ladders suspended between the steep cliffs, stepping on the ladder to climb upwards, and the ladder is crumbling. After climbing the ladder, climb a mountain rock, which is where Zhang Xian's body is placed. The mountain rock is on the half waist of the peak, looking for Xuxian Rock, which is surrounded by stone walls on all sides and cannot be passed, and it is not found to look for other roads. To climb the stone rocks, they are all cliffs, there are no stone steps; in the midst of thorns and grass, the grass is luxuriant and it is difficult to discern the direction. The hired porter walked ahead, found the broken stone steps, and shouted that he had found the way. Despite the fact that my clothes were torn by thorns and rocks, I flew over and approached him, but I still couldn't move forward. The sun had sunk in the west and was about to darken. Climbing the thorns with his hands, he fell down in the air, and when he found the way, he was already on the right side of the Wannian Palace. Rushing into the Ten Thousand Years Palace, the palace is strict and spacious. The Daoist priest greeted me and said, "The top of the Great King's Peak could not go up a long time ago, only the ladder to Shangzhang Xianyan is still there." The six-step ladder at the top of the peak and the ladder on XuXianyan on the upper peak have been decayed and damaged. Xu Xian's physical remains had been moved into the Huizhen Temple. "The big maple trees in front of the Huizhen Temple are leafy, the canopy is thick and shade is several acres wide, and the trees can be surrounded by dozens of people. Yi Yi bid farewell to the Taoist priest and returned to the cruise ship with a tired body. Climb ashore and look for the changing rocks and water curtain caves. Order the cruise ship to move ten miles and wait in Red Stone Street. So I entered the Huizhen Temple and paid homage to the statue of Wu Yijun and the body of Xu Xian. There are three peaks standing side by side behind the Manting Peak, which are asked by people because of their strangeness, and it turns out to be Sangu Peak. The Bone Changing Rock is next to Sangu Peak, looking at the Bone Changing Rock and striding forward. There is more than a mile up the mountain, and you can see the flow of pearls pouring down. Leaning down to the bird's eye, there are also towering rock walls, clear springs gushing out from the waist of the rock walls, and nearby there are turquoise bamboo shadows that are dappled and intoxicating. Half a mile up from Sangu Peak, you will arrive at the Bone Changing Rock, which is the back cliff of Manting Peak, and there is a nunnery in front of the Bone Changing Rock. A two-tiered overhanging staircase erected from behind the bone-changing rock is ascended to another overhanging rock. The overhanging rocks are not very deep, and the surrounding peaks are like heavy mountains. The locals use wooden planks to build houses along the rock walls, some curved, some straight, some high, some low, all along the rock wall. Climbing up along the crevices of the rock wall, almost to the top of Manting Peak, it stopped because the road was blocked. From here, across the mountain ridge is the road leading to the Water Curtain Cave; from here, down is the rock wall flowing from the rushing spring water. Now look up at the cliff below, look up at the rushing spring, and be on the half wall again. Next to it, there is a stone pillar where farmers lead the spring water to impulse, and there are ladders erected on the rock wall, and the rock wall is chiseled to guide the spring water. Climb up the ladder to the rock wall and come to the bottom of the rushing spring. The depression is only two inches wide, and there are towering rock walls above and below, and the spring water falls from the rock wall above into the depression, overflows and then falls downwards. The upper and lower concave and surrounding areas resemble fountains, and in the center there is a stone protruding from the center, which people can sit and enjoy. After watching the scenery on the stone for a long time, I climbed down the rock wall, followed the path between the bamboo forests, and crossed the triple mountain ridge before coming down to the mountain dock. After passing through the stone door, half a mile later, you will reach the water curtain cave. The cliffs of Qianling Mountain are towering, the upper part is protruding, the lower part is inaccessed, and the spring water falls from the top of the cliff. The mountain rock is majestic and magnificent, and the spring water also falls from a high place like a scattered flower of the goddess, forming a thousand strands of silver bead curtains, hanging in the air and pouring downwards, which is really a spectacle! The rock stands tall and protrudes from the upper part, so there are several houses under the rock, and the spring water that flows straight down still falls outside the railing of the house. Earlier, I had heard on the road that it was very dangerous to see the pavilion, and the Taoist priest instructed me to still walk from the old road and cross the mountain ridge to reach it. Climbing into a mountain pass, there are two mountains next to each other, there are mountain rocks and houses in the mountain pass, the inscription is "Du Zhi Yan", the local people falsely call it The Pavilion Village. Entering again, I encountered a mountain rock, with curved sills and high hanging buildings, looking at Chishi Street in the distance; the sails were hanging high, and the boat traveled twenty miles back to Chong'an.
The mystery of Danxia flowing in Wuyi Mountain
Danxia refers to the red sandstone after long-term weathering stripping and flowing water erosion, the formation of isolated peaks and steep strange rocks, is the thick red sand, conglomerate layer along the vertical joint development of a variety of Danxia peaks. It is mainly developed in the horizontal or gently inclined red strata of the Jurassic to tertiary periods, and is most typical of the Danxia Mountains in northern Guangdong Province, China. In the 1930s and 1940s, Professor Chen Guoda proposed the concept of "Danxia Topography" and promoted the study of Danxia Topography in South China, and Professors Wu Shangshi and Zeng Zhaoxuan of the Department of Geography of Sun Yat-sen University studied the red layer landform as an independent rock landform type, and made the term "Danxia landform" widely disseminated. The word Danxia is derived from Cao Pi's "Furong Pond Poem", "Danxia sandwiches the bright moon, and the stars come out of the clouds", referring to the rainbow in the sky.
The Danxia landform is a red-layer landform characterized by steep cliff slopes. Development began with the Himalayan orogeny of the late Tertiary Period, in which some red formations were inclined, soothed by folds and basin uplifts, and the flow of water concentrated in the low-lying areas of the central basin, eroding along the vertical joints of the rock formations, forming two vertical deep ditches, called alley valleys. The splendid terrain formed by the interlacing of sandstone and rock is called jinshi. When the water cannot be removed, the avalanche cone with a slow slope is formed, and the cliff body collapses and retreats, forming a tall and spectacular steep cliff slope and a fortress-like remnant peak, stone wall, stone pillar and other landforms. Tall stone walls eroded through to form stone windows, which developed to form stone bridges. The deep rock formations of the river can form square mountains with flat tops and steep walls or strange peaks of different shapes, such as upright, fortress-like, pagoda-like and so on. The narrow steep alley valley is called "Chibi" because of the red rock wall. The difference between the north and south of Danxia in China is obvious: the south is known for its "bishui Danshan", the beautiful scenery of Qishan Xiushui Lake, and the beauty of Qishan (stone) - Xiushui (waterfall, cave) - Jinghu - pastoral (natural scenery) - (folk) residence. The north is characterized by the Loess Plateau and the Desert Gobi, known for its majestic mountains and stones, and its colorful colors, and its majestic beauty, such as the majestic beauty of the mountains and the majestic stones , the rugged rocks — the rich colors (colorful) — (characteristics) of the houses, especially up to the thousands of miles of Northern Shaanxi Tongchuan - Zhidan - Shenmu Danxia Landscape Belt, which integrates the magnificence of the Yellow River and the Loess Plateau, the thick red history, the high-pitched folk songs of northern Shaanxi, and the colorful colors of Danxia, which can be called China's "Red River Valley" and "Antelope Valley", and is also the most magnificent "Red Valley" in China.
The Wuyishan Danxia landform is mainly composed of thick layers of gronge, conglomerate, black basalt and lava in the Upper Cretaceous purple-red continental, which is a set of basin river and lake facies deposits. Wuyi Mountain is located in the central subtropical humid monsoon climate zone, with a humid climate and abundant rainfall, which provides an important external force for the formation of Danxia landform for flowing water, weathering and collapse. The types of Danxia landscape landforms are: two upright alleys and valleys, avalanche cones, fort-like remnant peaks, stone walls, stone pillars, and stone galls. The river cuts deep rock layers, which can form square mountains with flat tops and steep walls, form steep and beautiful Danxia chibi with different forms and uprights, fortress-like and pagoda-like peaks, and steep cliffs can form tall stone walls, stone windows, natural bridges, and a line of heaven. Flowing water erosion and development of multi-layered waterfalls, caves (caves), pot caves (deep pools), forming a unique natural landscape of the landscape and rock waterfalls of wuyi mountain.
Wuyi Mountain Chibi Danshan Danxia is magnificent, waterfall jade beads flying, nine curved ileum natural beauty, let people sigh the magic of nature. We feel the magic and magnificence of nature, and we must protect the natural heritage of mankind - the magical and beautiful Wuyi "Bishui Danshan".
(Image material from the Internet)
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[Columnist] Tang Yongzhong, a native of MianXian County, Shaanxi Province, has published prose and poetry works in newspapers and online media, and now lives in Xi'an City.
Excerpt from: Reading Village, copyright belongs to the author.