Urban and Rural Overall Development Network -- Rural Science and Technology Magazine reporter Liu Zaosheng Li Peng special correspondent Zhang Xianghui
Walking into the photovoltaic agricultural industrial park in Wanmu Village, Wanmu Town, Youyang County, under the sunlight, rows of photovoltaic power generation panels shine brightly, and the greenhouses planted with maitake mushrooms are "hidden" in the 30-acre photovoltaic base. In the greenhouse, the graceful and beautiful "maitake flowers" bloom in the east and the west on the land covered with selenium-rich sand loam, like stars. Here, photovoltaic panels have become the "protective umbrella" of maitake fungus, and maitake fungus has paved the "road to riches" for the surrounding masses.
"Photovoltaics need sunshine, mushrooms like shade, one place for two uses, killing two birds with one stone." Building a 'photovoltaic + edible mushroom' base can maximize land utilization and achieve the superposition of comprehensive benefits of power generation and mushroom harvesting. Tian Tao, head of Chongqing Zhuxin Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., said, "Since the company settled in Wanmu Village in 2018, we have been leading the villagers to develop maitake mushroom cultivation. Nowadays, maitake mushrooms have become the hands of the people of Wanmu Village. Wanmu Town has become the first place in Chongqing to cultivate maitake mushrooms. ”
Accompanied by Tian Tao (first from the right), the leaders of the County Agricultural Bank and Wanmu Town inspected the harvesting site of fresh mushrooms of Zhuxin Company (data map)
According to local conditions, find a way for villagers to get rich
Both sides of the road in the Wanmucun Photovoltaic Agricultural Industrial Park are full of solar panels, which stretch for hundreds of meters, which is very spectacular. These solar panels are all mounted on high shelves that act as roofs, and underneath are planting greenhouses for the cultivation of maitake mushrooms.
Maitake is also known as Bay leaf porous fungus, chestnut mushroom, cloud mushroom, etc., belongs to the genus of tree flowers of the porous family. Fruiting bodies are formed by overlapping multiplely branched stalks and spoon-shaped, fan-shaped or tongue-shaped caps, which are 2 to 7 cm wide and gray to light brown. The meat is soft, crisp as magnolia, tastes like shredded chicken, has a delicious taste, unique aroma, and is very nutritious. In recent years, maitake mushrooms have become popular in Markets such as Japan and Singapore as a high-grade health food. According to the measurement, 100 grams of dried maitake mushrooms contain 22.75 grams of protein, 23.5 grams of amino acids, the amino acid content is more than double that of shiitake mushrooms, and rich in vitamin C, B1, B2 and organic selenium. Therefore, it is known as the "Prince of Edible Mushrooms" and is a high-grade edible mushroom with great development prospects.
Qianxi County, Hebei Province, is famous as the "Hometown of Chinese Chestnuts" and the birthplace of artificial cultivation of maitake fungus. Maitake flower, which the locals habitually call "chestnut mushroom", is a wild edible mushroom variety associated with chestnuts, and is regarded as a "mountain treasure" due to its small yield and high price. In the early 1990s, researchers from Qianxi County, Hebei Province, and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences carried out a successful study on the artificial cultivation technology of chestnut mushrooms. Subsequently, this technology was included in the "Spark Project" and promoted to the whole country, and so far, it has been cultivated for nearly 30 years.
At the beginning of 2018, Wanmu Town, which is "seven mountains and one water and two fields", through investment promotion, allowed Chongqing Zhuxin Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. to officially settle in Wanmu Village, create a "photovoltaic + agriculture" three-dimensional industrial park, adopt the three-dimensional production mode of "shed power generation, under-shed planting, park tourism", organically combine solar power generation, efficient agriculture, and tourism tourism, and create a new agricultural industry complex with clean energy utilization, modern science and technology display, agricultural technology innovation, and industrial precision poverty alleviation. One by one, the maitake mushroom greenhouses mushroomed and took root in the garden.
"One of the reasons why maitake mushrooms were chosen was because of natural conditions - Wanmu Town, Youyang County, Chongqing City, located in the hinterland of the Wuling Mountains, surrounded by mountains, at an altitude of 600 meters, rich in selenium-rich soil, with a large temperature difference between day and night, is the best environment suitable for the imitation wild cultivation of maitake mushrooms." Second, the production cycle of maitake flowers is short and the effect is fast. Tian Tao said.
Maitake fungus can be planted with 10,000 sticks per mu, the cost is about 50,000 yuan, each stick can produce 0.4 to 0.6 kg of fresh products, can be harvested 4 stubbles continuously, and each mu of fresh mushrooms can produce 5,000 kg, about 20 yuan per kg, and 100,000 yuan per mu. At present, the planting area of maitake flowers in the village has been more than 50 mu, and the annual output is nearly 250,000 kilograms.
Embrace the development of the group and create a characteristic industrial cluster
"Today's temperature has risen, and we must sprinkle water to cool down immediately." As a technician at the base, Tian Bi'e is familiar with every growth habit of maitake mushrooms. Sending away the freshly harvested maitake fungus, she skillfully opened the water valve at the base to sprinkler and moisturize to control the growth rate of the maitake fungus in the afternoon. From a farmer who farms to a technician in a greenhouse to manage and protect the maitake fungus, Tian Bi'e achieved a change of identity in only one year.
In order to let the villagers become familiar with the planting technology of maitake mushrooms as soon as possible, Zhuxin Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. adopts the development model of "company + base + farmer + village collective" to support large cultivators in terms of strain supply, technical guidance and product processing and sales, and at the same time takes various forms such as holding maitake mushroom production mobilization meetings and experience exchange meetings to increase publicity and form a strong atmosphere for the development of maitake mushroom industry in the town. The company also cooperates with the Science and Education Information Department of the Agricultural and Rural Committee of Youyang County to conduct technical training for the majority of mushroom farmers, jointly opened an edible mushroom training class, and trained more than 200 edible mushroom professionals every year, providing a reliable technical guarantee for the realization of large-scale artificial cultivation of maitake mushrooms.
The growth of maitake mushrooms has particularly stringent temperature and humidity requirements. "In order to ensure the quality of maitake mushrooms and reassure consumers, the company advocates pure ecological and green organic cultivation in cultivation methods, implants the fungus pack full of hyphae into the soil, and then covers a thin layer with selenium-rich sand loam, according to the temperature and humidity required by each growth stage of maitake mushrooms, through sprinkling, cooling, ventilation and other measures for precise regulation, so that the environment and temperature and humidity of the growth of maitake mushrooms can reach the best state, meet their healthy growth needs, and achieve the effect of non-medication through scientific planting. Maximize the yield and quality of maitake mushrooms. Tian Tao introduced.
In addition, in order to ensure the planting efficiency of farmers, the company uses insurance prices to recover farmers' products, and carries out unified processing, packaging, brand sales, and the annual income of farmers is very objective, ranging from 5,000 to 60,000 yuan.
According to a series of data feedback from Zhuxin Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. in the early stage, the Wanmu Town Government believes that maitake mushrooms have good market prospects and are worth vigorously promoting in the local area, so through discussion, it was decided to rely on the "three changes" reform opportunity, jointly invested by 6 villages in Shiqiao and Muping, concentrated on the circulation land of Wanmu Village for pilot planting of maitake mushrooms, explored the development mode of hugging groups, and built a planting base of maitake mushrooms covering an area of 25 acres, and built a total of 56 steel frame greenhouses for the planting of maitake mushrooms in the base. There are 958 edible mushroom ponds in the greenhouse, which can place more than 60,000 bags of mushrooms.
Scientific and technological innovation, looking for new benefit growth points
Brand is the identity of a business, is a commitment of a business to customers. To this end, Zhuxin Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. vigorously carried out brand building, has registered two trademarks of "Tunshang Mushroom Farmer" and "Miao Mushroom Grain", and passed the certification of China Green Food Development Center and obtained the green food certificate. In order to further improve product quality, the company continues to increase the development of the maitake mushroom industry, and introduces the newly cultivated new varieties of maitake mushrooms with high yield conversion rate, black color, thin leaves and strong taste - selenium-rich maitake mushrooms.
Nowadays, more and more consumers are becoming familiar with the youyang maitake flower and gradually liking it. Maitake mushrooms have entered famous scenic spots such as Youyang Specialty Supermarket and Taohuayuan. In addition, through the "Internet +" model, with the help of "agricultural super docking", sightseeing tourism, farm picking and other forms of promotion, the products have been exported to Chengdu, Beijing, Guiyang, Shandong and other large and medium-sized cities.
At present, Zhuxin Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. is focusing on extending the industrial chain, increasing the deep processing and development of maitake mushrooms, and producing health products such as maitake flower sauce, maitake tea, maitake pollen, maitake polysaccharide tablets and so on.
"We are ready to build a research and development center for maitake mushrooms to complete the construction of the whole industrial chain of products." With the support of the center, it is possible to complete the upgrading of strains and the upgrading of technical processes of processing products; the development of maitake tea, sauce and soup can be further strengthened, and the related products of maitake mushrooms can be made into a series to improve the added value of maitake mushrooms. Tian Tao said.
In addition, Maitake mushrooms are known as the "king of fungi, anti-cancer wonders", high medicinal value, Zhuxin Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. intends to develop the therapeutic health industry, etc., to expand the scope of use of Maitake mushrooms.
"Maitake mushrooms are not only bulk vegetables, but also medicinal and food dual-use fungi, with high health value, in the moment when people pay more and more attention to health care, this feature will give new connotations to the re-take-off of the maitake mushroom industry." Tian Tao is full of confidence in the future development of maitake mushrooms.