Interpretation ▏ Mineral oils and waxes, synthetic oils and wax mineral oils and waxes commonly used in skin care products

Last time, we introduced the animal and vegetable oils and waxes commonly used in skin care products, and in this issue, we continue to introduce common raw materials mineral oils and waxes and synthetic oils and waxes.

<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > mineral greases and waxes</h1>

The main components of mineral oils and waxes are higher alkanes above C16 extracted from petroleum, and representative raw materials are mineral oil, mineral grease, paraffin wax, etc., which is a type of raw material with relatively low price.

Mineral oil

Mineral oil, also known as white oil and liquid paraffin, is composed of saturated components of paraffin hydrocarbons and naphthanes, and some contain trace amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons. Pure mineral oil is a colorless, transparent oily liquid with no odor. It is stable against acid, light and heat, insoluble in ethanol, soluble in ether, benzene, petroleum ether, etc., and can be miscible with most fatty oils. The amount of mineral oil in the cream is generally 2% to 35%, which has the effect of moisturizing, cleaning, and increasing the oil feeling. At the same time, it can also reduce production costs.

vaseline

Grease is commonly known as petroleum jelly, its main component is the viscous solids released from the residual oil left by atmospheric pressure and reduced pressure distillation of oil, and it is also necessary to mix different amounts of high and medium viscosity lubricants according to the requirements. The yellow wax paste extracted from petroleum residue oil contains many impurities, and the mineral grease used in cosmetics should be aware of its full refining process and be able to prove that the obtained substance is not carcinogenic and cannot have odors. The refined mineral grease has no odor, is translucent, soluble in benzene, ether, petroleum ether, insoluble in water, alcohol, glycerin, its chemical properties are stable, the melting point is 38 °C ~ 45 °C, with good water retention, commonly used as a binder in cosmetics.

paraffin

Paraffin wax, also known as solid paraffin wax, is extracted from certain distillates of petroleum, shale oil or other bitumen mineral oils, and is a white or yellowish translucent substance with a pronounced crystal structure. According to the level of melting point, there are 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 degrees and other grades.

Pure paraffin wax is a waxy solid, white, paraffin insoluble in water, very low solubility in alcohols and ketones, easily soluble in carbon tetrachloride, ether, carbon disulfide, various mineral oils and most vegetable oils, the higher the melting point of paraffin wax, the smaller the relative solubility, the more stable the chemical properties.

ozocerite

Ground wax is a common matrix raw material in cream cosmetics, which is a solid waxy substance from white to slightly yellow, with no smell and no taste. The melting point of the wax varies from 60 to 90 °C, insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, chloroform, ether, petroleum ether, turpentine, carbon disulfide, chloromethane, mineral oil, etc. The main components are cycloalkaffes and isoparaffes with long side chains above C25 and a small amount of straight-chain alkanes and aromatics. It has an amorphous appearance and strong lipophilic ability. The wax is mainly obtained by refining the wax paste, the residue of petroleum purification and dewaxing, as raw material.

<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > synthetic greases and waxes</h1>

Synthetic oils and waxes are generally representative of raw materials such as stearic acid and its derivatives, cetyl alcohol, palmitate and polysiloxanes.

Stearic acid and its derivatives

Stearic acid, that is, octadecane (alkane) acid, melting point 69.6 °C, boiling point 376.1 °C, relative density 0.9408, slightly soluble in water. Industrial products are generally white or yellowish particles or blocks, are a mixture of stearic acid and soft fatty acid, and contain a small amount of oleic acid, slightly fat odor. The saponification product of stearic acid acts as an emulsifier in the cream, thus turning it into a stable white paste. Stearic acid is also the main raw material for the manufacture of emulsions. Soap stearate is more widely used in the cosmetics industry.

Cetyl alcohol

Cetyl alcohol is also known as cetyl (alkane) alcohol, palmitol. Originally produced by saponification of cetacean, white crystals, density 0.811, melting point 49 °C, boiling point 344 °C. Cetyl alcohol is insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, chloroform, ether, but has a certain degree of water absorption, as an emulsion type matrix and oil matrix (such as petroleum jelly) mixed, can increase its water absorption, in contact with water or aqueous liquid, under sufficient stirring after absorbing water to form a W / O type emulsion matrix. It plays a stabilizing and thickening effect in the O/W type emulsion matrix oil phase.

Palmitate

Common are isopropyl palmitate (IPP) and ethylhexyl palmitate, which is one of the raw materials widely used in cosmetics in China since the 1980s, both are colorless, odorless and odorless oily liquids, soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform, etc., such raw materials have good miscibility to oils and fats, low viscosity, good lubricity, spreadability.

Polysiloxanes

Polysiloxane refers to polydimethylsiloxane and a series of derivatives, which is an oily raw material with no smell, no taste and no irritation. Polysilica oxygen has good lubrication properties, air permeability, stability, and also has a certain antistatic and anti-ultraviolet effect. Common polysiloxane ingredients in cosmetics are dimethicone, also known as dimethicone, is a straight-chain polymer with siloxane as the skeleton, is a non-oily synthetic oil, colorless transparent liquid or viscous liquid, according to the different degrees of polymerization have different viscosities, it is basically odorless, insoluble in water and ethanol, soluble in carbon tetrachloride, benzene, chloroform, ether, toluene and other organic solvents, dimethyl silicone oil has good thixotropy, easy to spread on the skin, after applying to form a hydrophobic film, Thus increasing the water resistance of the cream without producing a greasy feeling, it also has a good compatibility with the skin, odorless, tasteless, non-irritating, high safety, in addition, in the cosmetics production process is also often used as a defoamer.