In the early stage of food supplementation, the priority supplement should be iron. Speaking of iron, many mothers first think of pork liver, high-speed rail rice noodles, etc., this issue of kemi to give you an analysis of the baby's daily diet, how to supplement iron is the most reliable.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > explain from the root, what exactly does it take to supplement iron? </h1>
The form of existence of iron
Iron in food is divided into two kinds, heme iron (heme iron) and nonheme iron (nonheme iron) two, the iron in non-heme iron is mainly trivalent iron form, in the small intestine will be converted into the form of divalent iron by reductase, and then absorbed, while the iron in heme iron is mainly in the form of divalent iron, can be absorbed directly, do not need to pass the conversion, absorption efficiency will be higher.
The absorption process of iron
Common foods with more iron are red meat (pork, beef, mutton, etc.), animal offal, dark green vegetables, etc., red meat and animal offal are mainly heme iron, while dark green vegetables are mainly non-heme iron.
There are many factors that affect the efficiency of iron absorption, vitamin C can promote the absorption of iron, while too little gastric acid secretion, diarrhea, eating too much food containing phosphoric acid, oxalic acid will inhibit the absorption of iron. In addition, if we ourselves are deficient in iron, it will also improve the absorption of iron in food.
The role of iron is related to iron deficiency
The most important source of iron supply in the human body is actually its own iron ion cycle, followed by the intake of iron from food. The iron ion cycle can make the iron in the body get the maximum reuse, and the circulation mechanism can re-extract the iron ions in the dead hemoglobin cells and so on, and use it again.
Iron's most important role in the body is involved in the composition of hemoglobin, which is responsible for transporting 98.5% of the oxygen in the blood. Therefore, when iron deficiency anemia occurs, the concentration of hemoglobin will decrease, and symptoms will appear pallor, dizziness, tiredness and other symptoms similar to "lack of oxygen". Iron deficiency anemia is also judged by the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood.
The WHO recommended criteria are 0.5-6 years of age, if the hemoglobin concentration is less than 11 g/100 ml, it is iron deficiency anemia, which can be detected by normal blood routines.
Contrast of iron-rich foods
Earlier we mentioned iron-rich foods, here is a comparison of the nutrients in these foods:
By comparison, we can see that the iron content of pig blood and pig liver is higher, but the problem with pig liver is that the vitamin A content is higher, and if it is consumed regularly, it will lead to an excess of vitamin A, and there may be a risk of poisoning. Therefore, it is recommended to control the number of times to eat pork liver, once every two weeks or once a week. Secondly, pig liver and pig blood are fishy on the taste, and the baby may be more difficult to accept and needs to be tried gradually. And red meat, dark green vegetables and eggs and other foods are not excessive problems, from the convenience of food to obtain, safety, handling convenience and other comprehensive considerations, it is recommended that Bao Mom give priority to these daily accessible foods as baby iron supplement food, red meat iron is heme iron, is the priority choice of these three.
In addition, here to emphasize the nutritional composition of eggs, the iron in the egg is mainly present in the yolk, the content of protein is less, if you want to supplement the baby iron, the mothers should pay attention to it, it is best to eat the yolk (the first time to eat also need to observe whether the baby has allergies).
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > high-speed rail advertised by food supplement merchants, what is it? </h1>
High-speed rail rice noodles
High-iron rice flour is fortified by adding nutrient enhancers to rice flour. Iron nutrition enhancers mainly include ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous ammonium citrate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous citrate, iron pyrophosphate and so on.
These additives can be divided into water-soluble, insoluble in water easily soluble in dilute acid and insoluble in water in dilute acid, this property mainly affects the bioavailability of iron.
Water-soluble iron compounds (including ferrous gluconate and ferrous sulfate) are easily soluble in water and have the highest absorption rate; corresponding to this is our common ferric pyrophosphate and ferrous fumarate, the absorption rate is lower than that of ferrous gluconate and ferrous sulfate, but generally due to its cheap price, it is also widely used.
Most of the rice noodles on the market only emphasize that they are divalent iron, but they selectively ignore important influencing factors such as water solubility and utilization. At present, there is only one type of rice flour on the market that adds water-soluble iron, but only "Bellamy rice noodles" have been found.
Iron liver powder
Iron supplement liver powder is currently mainly processed with pig liver as raw material, but because pig liver is a visceral detoxification organ of pigs, it needs to be more rigorously tested for raw materials.
From the perspective of food safety standards, it is recommended to choose infant supplementary food standards and manufacturers with infant and young child supplement production qualifications, the current standard for the production of liver meal according to the infant standard is GB22570 supplementary food nutritional supplements, in addition, some infant and young child supplement manufacturers in order to improve safety, will also customize enterprise standards on the basis of the national standard, and some index content will be higher than the national standard.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > dietary arrangements</h1>
At the beginning of the addition of complementary foods, if there is no special situation, it is recommended that mothers introduce meat and offal to the baby as soon as possible, do not put it too far behind, the internal organs in the process of desensitization, must control the amount added every day, pay attention to observe whether the baby has an allergic reaction.
Baby food supplement for meat and offal desensitization, try to ensure that a day's supplementary food has meat and vegetables, a week or two weeks to arrange a viscera, on the one hand can meet the needs of protein and zinc, while red meat and dark green vegetables contain more abundant iron, with milk and cereals, generally can meet the needs of iron, but also recommended that the baby eat orange fruits appropriately, orange fruits contain more abundant vitamin C, can promote the absorption of iron in the diet.
For babies over 12 months old, because the amount of meat and vegetables eaten by the baby is much more than before, as long as the intake of meat, eggs and milk is guaranteed in the diet for a day, and the internal organs can be arranged once a week or two. On the other hand, at this time, the baby's daily intake of iron will be reduced compared with 6-12 months of age, so the above dietary intake can also fully meet the baby's daily iron intake.