Huang Xiao (c. 903–965 AD), courtesy name Uncle, was a native of Chengdu (now part of Sichuan). A court painter of the Western Shu Painting Academy in the Fifth Dynasty. At the age of 17, he enshrined the inner court with paintings, and served as a Hanlin waiting for the edict, presided over the Hanlin Picture Academy, and served as the deputy envoy of Rujing. He served as a painter of the Shu court for more than 40 years. Official to the Inspector Hubu Shangshu and Imperial History Doctor. Entering the Song Dynasty, he served as the Crown Prince Zuo Zanshan Doctor. Together with Xu Xi in Jiangnan, it is called "Huang Xu", forming two major genres of flower and bird painting in the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty. The painting style of Huang's father and son was deeply loved by the Northern Song court, which had a great influence on the song dynasty courtyard body painting, and became the standard for the creation of flower and bird paintings in the painting academy for a long time. Together with Xu Xi, he is called "Huang Xu". The style is "Huang Xiao rich, Xu XiYeyi".
Dong Yuan (943 – c. 962): Dong Yuan (東元), a native of Zhongling County, Jiangxi (present-day Jinxian County, Jiangxi), a famous painter of the Southern Tang Dynasty of the Fifth Dynasty, and the founder of the Southern School of landscape painting. Dong Yuan, Li Cheng, and Fan Kuan were also known as the Three Greats of the Northern Song Dynasty, and Li Jing, the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, was then the deputy envoy of Beiyuan, so he was also called "Dong Beiyuan". According to the history of painting, Dong Shishan landscape figures, yunlong, cattle and tigers, omnipotent, especially landscape painting is the most famous, his landscape is mostly painted in jiangnan real mountains without being strange strokes, the record says that he painted jiangnan scenery "plain and innocent, Tang did not have this product". Mi Fu once praised its landscape and water: "The peaks are haunted, the clouds are obscure, and if you don't pretend to be clever, you must be naïve." Dong Yuan had a profound influence in later generations, which is rare in the history of Chinese landscape painting.
Li Gonglin (1049-1106): Zi Bo Shi, dragon sleep resident. A native of Shuzhou (present-day Tongcheng, Anhui). A famous painter of the Northern Song Dynasty and an outstanding master of realist art in the Song Dynasty. Li Gonglin was an influential celebrity during the Northern Song Dynasty, whose white paintings were the first in the world and were known as the "Master of White Painting". It is longer than poetry, and its calligraphy has the style of Jin and Song people. Also good at archaeology. Especially famous for his paintings, all the figures, shidao, kurama, landscapes, flowers and birds, all refined, Shi Tui is the first person in Song painting. He was good at painting people, especially painting horses, and Su Shi praised him: "There are thousands of donkeys in the chest of the dragon, not only painting flesh and bones." He developed the "white drawing" painting method, creating "sweeping powder, light ink", "not shi danqing, but brilliant and moving". His characters can distinguish their identity, geography and personality characteristics from their appearance. In terms of painting method, he is known for his white paintings, which have a great influence on the figure paintings of his descendants. The landscapes he painted "took the intention first, and the arrangement of the edge decoration was secondary." Throughout his life, he worked diligently and painted countless paintings, such as figures, historical facts, interpretations, scholars, landscapes, kurama horses, animals, flowers and birds, all-powerful and exquisite. The characters and Taoist interpretations are deeply interested in Wu Daozi's will, the pen is like a cloud flowing water, the shape is correct, the demeanor is flying; the landscape is beautiful and beautiful, and Wang Wei is passed; the coloring landscape chases Li Sixun's heart method; and the horse is painted over Han Gan. It can gather the strengths of all the families, get their great achievements, teach the law naturally, boldly innovate, and become a family of its own, and be respected by future generations as a hundred generations of masters.
Liang Kai: Born between 1201 and 1204 AD, his ancestral home was Dongping, Shandong, and he crossed south to Qiantang (present-day Hangzhou). A new world in the history of Chinese painting, a generation of people who were influenced by the ideas of Confucianism, Taoism and Interpretation; outstanding artists of the Song Dynasty. Ningzong Jiataijian (1201-1204 AD) was a master of the academy. Good at painting landscapes, Buddhist paths, ghosts and gods. Liang Kai's "Li Bai Yin Xing Tu" is the earliest representative work of Chinese stick figure painting, and it is also the only stick figure painting passed down by Liang Kai. Liang Kai's paintings were greatly admired in Japan and had a huge influence on japanese painters after the Muromachi period (1338-1573). Liang Kai's reduced strokes and his influence on Chinese painting were enormous.
Wang Zhenpeng (born and died unknown), also spelled Pengmei, was a native of Wenzhou, Zhejiang. A famous painter of the Yuan Dynasty, who was good at figure painting and court boundary painting, he was given the title of "Arc Cloud Virgin" by Emperor Yuanrenzong, and was an official to transport thousands of households. Wang Zhenpeng is known as "the first person to paint in the Yuan Dynasty". During his lifetime, he created a large number of court paintings, dozens of which are found in the bibliography or have been handed down to the present.
Zhang Chong: Zi Yu, Hun Ran Zi, Tunan. A native of Jiangdu (present-day Yangzhou, Jiangsu). A native of Jiangning (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu). Famous painter of the Ming Dynasty. He is known for his character paintings, chasing ancient methods, and his pen and ink are heroic. His ladies are gorgeous and euphemistic, but the color is quaint and the appearance is super-elegant. He paints landscapes, flowers and grasses, clear landscapes, and lush trees and stones. His sketches are also excellent. His "Han Xizai Night Feast" is a famous work in the history of Chinese painting and one of the top ten famous paintings in China. The long lines of this long scroll are accurate and smooth, delicate and flexible, and full of expression. The color workmanship is elegant and rich in layering, and the charm is unique. His "Sword Pavilion Travel Map", in the painting, the sharp edge of the distant mountain, abrupt and dangerous, the momentum is like a building house, the strange peak of the rock, the xiongguan is like iron, the peak of the mountain, the ancient pine far forest, the Yunyan Creek Waterfall, the Mao'an Lonely Pavilion, the top of the mountain is embedded in the cliff gap. The trail is like a swimming snake, curled up in and out. The skybridge soars over the sky, and the boardwalk winds around the mountain. On the road, there are soldiers and people relying on stones, officials and eunuchs riding horses, and there are also donkeys, shoulders, and bearers, and the characters are all vivid. The mountains are rugged and rugged, and there are many pedestrians along the way. Down the hill hut guest house, strategize travel. The top of the mountain is mostly wiped with dry ink, the pen is smooth and fine, the ink color is thick and elegant, and the color is light and elegant. This painting meticulously expresses Li Bai's lamented "Shu Dao Difficulty". Its "Sword Pavilion Travel Map" measures 183.7 × 102 .8cm. Estimate: 5,600,000-9,600,000. Price realised: 7,820,000.
Zhang Hong (1577-1652): Zi Jundu, Hejian , also known as Hejian Daoren , a native of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. A famous painter of the Ming Dynasty, the most successful master of landscape painting and freehand figure painting in the Ming Dynasty. He pioneered figurative landscape painting and pushed Chinese landscape painting to a high level, becoming the backbone of the Ming Dynasty painting world. He uses the perspective method to inject the aura of the famous mountains and rivers he has traveled in his life into the painting, and through rendering, he brings out a profound and elegant atmosphere, and the strange stones of the strange peaks, the dense ancient trees, and the clear spring waterfall together constitute a fresh and elegant, ethereal and clear artistic conception, and vivid atmosphere. His paintings are characterized by the combination of stone surface and dyeing, with sharp brushwork, wet ink, layers of mountains, deep autumn valleys, superb techniques, and flexible pen and ink. The texture of the mountain stone he painted is hard, as if there is a sound of knocking, and between the smoke trees of the cloud mountain, the flowing water is clear and trickles down, making the person immersive, as if in the next world, reflecting the otherworldly spiritual realm. The real artists are all fine. The perspective method he uses in his paintings coincides with the Western three-dimensional painting method, and experts from the Palace Museum say that "Zhang Hong's landscape brush and ink are exquisite and rare in the world." "It is regarded as the treasure of the town hall by major museums. His freehand characters are simple and simple, with sparse lines, clear contours, good shapes and gods, and are suitably scattered, all of which have natural fun, and are respected by Wuzhong scholars (recorded in the "Ming Painting Record"). He flexibly applies freehand figures to landscape paintings, in the lush forests of the forest, in the hills and mountains, on the mountain road where the mountains are infested and rocky, there are a few woodcutters and passers-by, adding spirituality to the landscape, and there is a sense of people swimming in the middle of the painting. "Ming Dynasty Painting" is recorded in Zhang Hong's "Village Path Chaimen Map", and notes: "Zhang Hongshan painted landscapes and repainted life. The pen is steep, the ink is wet, the layers are stacked, the autumn ravines are deep, and there is an ancient meaning of the Yuan people. He painted stone faces with ribbon dyeing as his special feature. He can also paint freehand characters, with good shapes and gods, and is a suitable gathering, and is the backbone of the Wumen painting circle in the late Ming Dynasty. "
Jin Nong [born in the 26th year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1686), died in the 28th year of Qianlong (1763)], zi Shoumen, Si Nong, Ji Jin, Mr. Dongxin, Ji Liu Shanmin, Qujiang Waishi, Xiye Jushi, Youjin Bull, Lao Ding, Gu Quan, Zhu Quan, Ji Mei Lord, Lotus Body Resident, Longsuo Xianke, Shame Chun Weng, Shou Daoshi, Jin Ji Jin, Su Fa Luo Ji Su Fa Luo (Buddhist classics "Su Fa Luo" is the Chinese character "Jin", Su Fa Luo Ji Su Fa Luo is Jin Ji Jin), Xin Twenty-Six Lang, Xian Tan Flower Sweeper, Jin Niu Lake Conference Elder, Hundred and two Yantian rich men, etc. A native of Qiantang (present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang). A famous calligrapher and painter of the Qing Dynasty, the first of the eight monsters of Yangzhou. He works in poetry and calligraphy, poetry is ancient and peculiar, fine seal carving, appreciation, good at painting bamboo, plum, kurama, Buddha statues, figures, landscapes. Yu Jing Mo Mei. The plum blossoms are full of flowers, full of vitality, quaint and simple. It is also proficient in identification. Calligraphy creates a flat pen style, which has both a italic and a subordinate posture, and is sometimes called "lacquer book". His paintings are strangely ancient, and he makes good use of light ink dry brushes for floral sketches, especially painting plums. Jinnong's calligraphy and paintings were highly renowned at the time. He is worthy of being called everyone in poetry, books, paintings, prints, piano music, appreciation, and collection, and his calligraphy is the most accomplished one in the "Eight Monsters of Yangzhou", especially his calligraphy and Lishu have high and unique aesthetic value. In his early years, his calligraphy was "ink shou Han people rope ink", the style was regular, the strokes were thick and simple, his strokes were not sent to the front, the structure was strict, more restrained, and the posture of less outward expansion, with a simple and concise style, Jinnong's calligraphy art was known for its simplicity and thickness. His first lacquer book is a special method of using pen and ink. "Jinnong Ink" is thick as lacquer, and the words written are protruding from the paper. The brush used, like a flat brush, is dipped in thick ink, and the line pen only folds, like a brush paint. The words written in this method look vulgar and simple, without rules to speak of, but in fact, they are big-minded and have a majestic charm. The most emblematic of Jinnong's calligraphy art is his walking grass. He fused the brushwork of the letter, the gesture of the book, and the meaning of the seal book into a grass, which is self-contained and unique. Its dot paintings seem to be similar to those of Kai, but also grass, the long horizontal and vertical hooks are in the shape of a calligraphy pen, and the stroke of the pen is often close to the Wei Monument, which is particularly vigorous and beautiful. In particular, those poems and manuscripts written by hand are clumsy and elegant, and have a kind of natural charm and artistic conception, which makes people love it. Jinnong's writings have not entered the ordinary grid since its early days, and the cursive writing written by the stele method and his own "lacquer book" method, with the pen is frank, arbitrary, dot painting waves and the pen and ink are mellow, between the rough head and rotten clothes, revealing the joy of being simple and clumsy, which is impressive; its "scripture engraving" style of calligraphy seems to be in the same vein as folk calligraphy, there is no light and heavy line changes and rounded turning pens, there is no wave pick in Teton, with uniform lines and square hard turns, writing a book body similar to a single-line art character, However, it has the ancient Mao like an instrumental script, and the enlightening significance of its calligraphy is very far-reaching. He began to engage in painting in his fifties, involving brush strokes that is, ancient times, getting rid of the habits of painters, and seeing many monuments. His painting horses claim to be Cao and Han Fa, and Zhao Wangsun is not enough. Its landscapes, flowers and fruits are arranged in a strange way, and the dots are idle and cold, which is not seen in the world, and the cover is intended. Ask the question of the Betdo Dragon Dragon and the like. He painted plums, calling himself "Jianglu Wild Plum" and asking for "fragrant thousands of miles when the sky is cold", painting horses with the inscription: "Now I paint horses, desolate and desolate, there is a state of gu ying acid and self-pity, and its sad trekking is laborious? If there is no Bole in the world, that is, when you meet others, you will also go to twilight? I don't want to know about the wind and dust and the desert also. "It shows that he has no mood to meet." He painted on a page of a scholar lying on four sides of the ventilated pool pavilion, with the inscription: "The wind comes to the four sides of the bed." Free and relaxed, not as good as the world, but also with the "high" self-styled. Jin Nong declared that he should "live a high shore of his life" and see it one by one in the painting. "Lyrical unevenness". In a "Diagram of Ink and Bamboo," he went so far as to write directly: "Grind five liters of ink, paint this wild bamboo, do not fish for yangfish, but also fish for princes." Like to paint thin bamboo, said "painting bamboo should be thin, thin and long-lived, naturally full of wind and frost ears." At the end of each painting, there must be an inscription, such as "Humble heart, high knots, upright and unyielding, for a long time without changing its exercises, the virtue of bamboo also." He and Zheng Xie and others prominently raised the banner of rebellion and became the leader of the Qing Dynasty calligraphy. On December 19, 2009, Jin Nong's "Flower and Fruit Album", known as the "Eight Monsters of Yangzhou", set a record for the highest transaction in Xiling auction for 39.76 million yuan at the Hangzhou auction.
Huang Shen: Born on May 5 (June 14) in the twenty-sixth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1687), Qianlong thirty-five years (1770) 84 years old fashion, the year of death is unknown, the first name sheng, the character Gongshou, Gong Mao, Ju Zhuang, the number of the gall scoop, alias East Sea cloth. Fujian Ninghua people. Outstanding calligrapher and painter of the Qing Dynasty, one of the eight monsters of Yangzhou. Huang Shen grew from a small painter to a famous artist who "famous poetry and painting in the north and south of the river". He is an artist with a full range of poetic talents and painting skills. Good at characters, landscapes, flowers and birds, and the most prominent character painting, the theme is mostly the immortal Buddha Tao and historical figures, there are also some real-life images, mostly taken from folk life, many works have shaped the haulers, beggars, displaced people, fishermen and other lower-class characters, there are also some real-life images, Huang Shen's poetry, wild grass calligraphy, painting is called the three best. He has been to Yangzhou three times, stayed for a long time, and had friendly exchanges with Zheng Banqiao, Li (eel) and so on. Huang Shen is also an artist with complete poetic talent and painting skills, and his poems can be extraordinary. As a painter, Huang Shen had a great influence on later generations: Min Zhen of the Qing Dynasty, Wang Zhen of modern Shanghai, Su Liupeng of Guangdong, Li Xia and Li Geng of Fujian, and Li Chucai of Liaonan all studied with Huang Shen. Qi Baishi was also very devoted to Huang Shen.
Li Fangbin (1695-1755): ZiQiu Zhong, Qingjiang, Qiuchi, Yuan, Baiyishanren, etc., a native of Tongzhou (present-day Nantong, Jiangsu). Living in Jinling borrowed the garden, he called himself the owner of the loan garden. A famous poet painter of the Qing Dynasty, one of the "Eight Monsters of Yangzhou". He was born into a family of official eunuchs, and served as a County Order of Le'an County, a Commander of Lanshan County, an Order of Qianshan County, and an acting chuzhou Zhizhou. When he was an official, he "had a favorable government and a moral character", but after being falsely accused, he was deposed from the official, and after going to the official's residence in Nanjing, he borrowed the garden, claimed to be the owner of the garden, and often traveled to Andhalum to sell paintings. With Li Eel, Jin Nong, Zheng Xie, etc., Gong poetry calligraphy and painting, good at plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, pine, fish, etc., pay attention to the tradition of the teacher and the creation of the teacher method, can be its own style, its brush method is vigorous and thick, the cut is concise, informal, lively and vivid. Li Fangbin was not from Yangzhou, and soon lived in Yangzhou to sell paintings, so why did he have to be among the "eight monsters of Yangzhou"? On this issue, Guan Jincheng's posthumous manuscript "The Narrative biography of Li Fangyi" published in the third series of the Chinese Literature and History Series in 1980 has been examined, and its main points are: First, the character, the paintings and the other seven people (according to Li E, Wang Shishen, Gao Xiang, Jin Nong, Huang Shen, Zheng Xie, and Luo Ping) are comparable. 2. Before the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Tongzhou was only a scattered prefecture belonging to yangzhou capital, and when Li Fangyi enrolled in the fifty-seventh year of Kangxi (1718), his place of origin was Tongzhou, the capital of Yangzhou, so he was a Yangzhou in the broad sense. Itabashi greatly admired Li Fangyi's painting skills and spoke highly of them.
Pu Hua (1839-1911): Characters are written in English, also known as bamboo and bamboo clouds. No. Xu Shan Ye Shi, Xu Shan Wai Shi, Bamboo Cultivator, Zai Name Jiu Qin Ten Yan Zhai, Jiu Qin Ten Yan Lou, Fu Rong Lu, Jian Bi Qin Qin Heart Chamber, etc. People from Jiaxing, Zhejiang. A famous calligrapher and painter in the late Qing Dynasty, he was collectively known as the "Four Masters of the Hai Sect" together with XuGu, Wu Changshuo and Ren Bonian. He spent his life diligently writing and inking, leaving many works in the Shanghai painting world in the late Qing Dynasty. In recent years, a large number of his works have flowed overseas, and they have been acquired by Hong Kong and Taiwan cultural relics dealers and transferred to the market. Many of Pu Hua's works are auctioned in the United States, New York and Hong Kong. Although the transaction price is not as high as wu changshuo, Ren Bonian and others, it is also very impressive.
Wu Changshuo (1844.8.1-1927.11.29): The first name jun, also known as Junqing, the character Changshuo, also signed Cangshi, Cangshi, multi-alias, common ones are Cangshuo, Laocang, Laoyi, Bitter Iron, Great Deaf, Tao, Shi Zun and so on. A native of Xiaofeng County, Zhejiang Province, Ino Wu Village (present-day Anji County, Huzhou City). From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, he was a famous Chinese painter, calligrapher, seal engraver, representative of the "Houhai School", the first president of the Hangzhou Xiling Printing Society, and together with Ren Bonian, Pu Hua and Xugu, he was known as the "Four Great Masters of the Late Qing Dynasty Hai School". He collected "poetry, books, paintings, and seals" into one body, and melted gold stone calligraphy and painting into a furnace, and was known as "the first person to write a stone drum seal book" and "the last peak of literati painting". In painting, calligraphy, seal carving are all banner figures, in poetry, gold and stone and other aspects have a high degree of achievement. Wu Changshuo enthusiastically promoted the latter, and Qi Baishi, Wang Yiting, Pan Tianshou, Chen Banding, Zhao Yunyuan, Wang Geyi, and Sha Menghai were all instructed by him. As an influential master in the Chinese painting world and a master figure in the late Hai school, Wu Changshuo is a key figure in the art of modern and contemporary calligraphy and painting in China. His art has influenced many later painters, and many modern masters of painting have either come from his disciples or been influenced by his art. For example, the modern "Hai School" families, Chen Shizeng and Qi Baishi of the "Beijing School of Painting", as well as people like Huang Binhong, Pan Tianshou, Fu Baoshi, and Li Keyan were also influenced by Wu Changshuo. Wu Changshuo is called Yinsheng in Japan, along with the book saint Wang Xizhi, the painting saint Wu Daozi, and the grass saint Zhang Zhi. Wu Changshuo's paintings are mainly flowers, but also occasional landscapes. His greatest characteristic and strength is accommodation and transcendence. Wu Changshuo not only realized that painting embodied the atmosphere of wildness and antiquity, but also pushed Chinese painting to a new realm, which had an extremely far-reaching impact on the modern Chinese painting community.
Ren Bonian: Born in the nineteenth year of Qing Daoguang (1840), died in the twenty-second year of Guangxu (1896), the first name run, the character Ciyuan, the number of Xiaolou, later changed to Yi, zi Bo Nian, other number mountain vagina ascender, Shou Daoist, etc., with character line, Zhejiang Shanyin Hangwu Mountain (now Guali Town, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou) people. A famous figure of the Qing Dynasty, a painter of flowers and birds, and a giant of the Maritime School, he is one of the most influential painters in the history of modern and contemporary Chinese art, and one of the sixty schools of the late Qing Dynasty. Among the "four terms" (Ren Bo Nian, Ren Fu Chang, Ren Wei Chang, ren Pre), he has the most outstanding achievements and is the leader of the Maritime Painting School. Ren Bonian's painting creation for more than 20 years has left thousands of relics, and he is a rare prolific writer in history. The earliest works were composed in the fourth year of Tongzhi, and the latest works were made in the winter and October of Guangxu Yi's reign, one month before his death. Ren Bonian is an all-round painter who is good at both figures, flowers and birds, landscapes and landscapes, and his level of flowers and birds is enough to compete with figure painting, and some commentators even praise his achievements in flower and bird painting. His paintings of flowers and birds have reached the good state of "pure fire and pure blue", and have had a great influence on modern flower and bird paintings. Wang Xuetao said that he was very particular about color, especially powder, and no one had surpassed him in the past hundred years. Ren Shi was not only the master of the early paintings of the Hai School, but also because of his and Wu Changshuo's promotion, the creative orientation of traditional literati painting was pushed from the high standard of scholars and doctors to the nourishment drawn from folk art, strengthening the vividness of color and realistic modeling, and expressing the new atmosphere of personality and humanistic spirit.
Qin Bingwen (1803-1873): Zi Yanyun, Yiting, a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu. One of the sixty schools of the late Qing Dynasty, one of the main painters of the "Loudong School" in the late Qing Dynasty (his paintings were included in the list of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage's "Fine Works and Representative Works of Various Periods Are Not Allowed to Leave the Country"), a famous calligrapher, painter and theorist of the Qing Dynasty. In the twentieth year of Daoguang (1840), he was raised to the post of official Wu Jiang and the head of the official household department. Mikami Haruhi stayed in Beijing for eight years. Taste it back, and the nest is north. Send love poems and wine, widely travel, fine appreciation, and all the collections are fine. He is good at painting landscapes, the first master Wang Jian, the later Emperor Huang Gongwang, Wu Zhen, to perfect his victory. On the eighth day of the 30th year of Daoguang (1850), Zhou Xuejun, a jinshi of Henan, collaborated with Wang Tingru, Wang Fang, Qin Bingwen, Ye Daofen, Feng Peiyuan, Zhang Shibao, Hua Yilun and Yu Fenghan on the long volume "History of Qing Painters" at the Songjun Nunnery in Beijing. In the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858), Zhou lived in Suzhou. Tao Qi, Huang Ju, Ni Yun, Chen Xi, and Qin Bingwen collaborated on the Fanhu Caotang Picture Scroll to present Zhou Xian ("Merlin on the Sea"). In the Xianfeng Decade (1860), Shandong painters Zhang Shibao and Qin Bingwen and Wang Shuming were equal to the Beijing Songjun'an Painting Society. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1861), the Shanghai Pinghua Society was renamed the Painting Society from the Poetry Society, and invited twenty-four members, including Gu Chunfu, Zhou Xian, Qian Hui'an, Bao Ziliang, Wang Li, Tao Cui'an, Zhu Mengquan, Zhu Renfeng, Qin Bingwen, Wu Dacheng, etc. ("Merlin on the Sea", vol. 3). In the eleventh year of Tongzhi (1872), Zhao Zhiqian and his friend Hu Shu collaborated on the "Three Shou Tu" to celebrate the birthday of Qin Bingwen (Yiting). In the twelfth year of Tongzhi (1873), Qin Bingwen died at the age of 71. In 1930, Qin Bingwen Sun Qinqian published the engraving "Exposure Painting Jiyu", which contained Qin Bingwen's ink and ancestral collection.
Zhao Zhiqian (1829-1884): Initial character Yifu, number Leng Jun, later changed to word Shu Shu, number Sorrowful Nunnery, Mei'an, Wu Suan and so on. People from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Famous calligrapher and painter of the Qing Dynasty, seal engraver. Zhao Zhiqian's seal engraving has achieved great achievements and has a far-reaching impact on future generations. In modern times, painters such as Wu Changshuo and Qi Baishi have benefited a lot from other places. In the history of art in the late Qing Dynasty, Zhao Zhiqian is one of the most important artists. In painting, he was a pioneer figure of the "Maritime School of Painting", and the "Golden Stone Painting Style" created by his calligraphy and printing into paintings had a huge impact on the development of modern freehand flowers; in calligraphy, he was the most powerful practitioner of the theory of epigraphy in the Qing Dynasty, and the formation of his Weibei style of calligraphy further improved the technical system of the Stele School, thus becoming the first model since the Qing Dynasty to truly comprehensively study the stele in the right, line, seal, and subordinate bodies; in the seal carving, he widely took the method on the basis of his predecessors, integrated it, and sought to "seek printing outside india" The means creatively inherit Deng Shiru's creative mode of "printing from the book" and open up an unprecedented new realm. Zhao Zhiqian's seal carved the eight houses of Xiling at the beginning, and later chased the Anhui school, participating in the edict, Hanjing text, numismatic text, Wadang text, sealing mud, etc., forming a unique style with changeable chapters and fresh artistic conceptions, and creating Yang Wen side sections, whose art organically combined poetry, books, and paintings, which had a great influence on the art world in the late Qing Dynasty. Throughout his life, he made unremitting efforts in poetry, books, paintings, and meanings, and finally became a generation of masters. Zhao Zhiqian created a new style of freehand flowers in the late Qing Dynasty and created many works with a very modern atmosphere.
Qian Hui'an: Daoguang was born in the thirteenth year (1833) and died in Xinhai (1911), the third year of Xuantong, at the age of seventy-eight. The original name guichang, the word Jisheng, the number of Qinglu fisherman, Qingxi tree, retired an old man, double pipe landlord. A native of Huayuanbang Village (now Pudong, Shanghai) in Gaoqiao Town, Baoshan. A famous painter in the late Qing Dynasty, one of the representative painters of the Hai School, and a representative painter of the "City God Temple School". Shi Hu Gongshou and Ren Bonian were the most outstanding, followed by Qian Hui'an, who painted characters, all of whom were famous for a while, and in their later years, the painters were still endless. Cheng Shifa praised him as the "Master of Hai school art" (Qian Hui'an Commentary). Qian Hui'an also integrated the style of literati painting and courtyard painting into Yangliu youth painting, breaking its symmetrical composition method, and the tone shifted from intense to elegant, highlighting the factors of literati painting, which has a refreshing feeling. Qian Hui'an had a wide influence on the Jingdezhen porcelain painting style during the Republic of China period, including Zhushan Eight Friends Wang Qi and so on.
Qi Baishi (18641.1-1957.9.16): Born in Xiangtan (now Xiangtan, Hunan), he was born in Xiangtan (now Xiangtan, Hunan), in Suzhou, Anhui. The original name was Chunzhi, the word Weiqing, the number Lanting. Later, it was renamed Huang, the character was on the verge of birth, the number of Baishi, Baishi Shanweng, Lao Ping, Hungry Sorcerer, the owner of the Borrowing Mountain Yinguan, the old man on the Ping Hall, and the rich man of the Three Hundred Stone Seals. Before his death, he was the chairman of the Beijing Chinese Painting Research Association, the first chairman of the council of the China Artists Association, the librarian of the Central Museum of Culture and History, the honorary professor of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the outstanding ink painting master, calligrapher and world cultural celebrity in modern China. On January 7, 1953, more than 200 people from beijing's cultural and artistic circles participated in the "Celebration of Qi Baishi's 90th Birthday", and the Ministry of Culture awarded Qi Baishi the title of "Outstanding People's Artist". Zhou Enlai attended the evening celebration banquet. On April 28, 1954, the China Artists Association held the "Qi Baishi Painting Exhibition" at the Palace Museum. On April 27, 1956, the World Peace Council announced that Qi Baishi had been awarded the International Peace Prize, and on September 1, the award ceremony was held in Beijing. Premier Zhou Enlai personally came to congratulate him. On May 15, 1957, Qi Baishi became the honorary president of the Chinese Academy of Painting in Beijing. From May to June, he made his last work "Peony". On September 16, he died in Beijing Hospital. On the morning of September 22, a public festival was held at Jiaxing Temple, and Premier Zhou Enlai and other central leaders participated in the public ceremony. In 1963, Qi Baishi was selected as one of the world's top ten cultural celebrities. Picasso: "Qi Baishi is truly a great painter in China!" How amazing are Chinese painters! Qi Baishi's ink painting of fish is not colored, but it makes people see the long river and swimming fish. Lang Shaojun: "After Wu Changshuo, Qi Baishi pushed traditional Chinese calligraphy and painting one step further and injected new life blood. Qi Baishi is an all-rounder, and Qi Baishi gives his works a simple and fresh peasant emotion, giving new vitality and modernity to the literati painting form. As a tireless pursuer, Qi Baishi's creative spirit in the century-long struggle is exemplary. ”
Chen Banding (1876-1970): Also known as Chen Nian, born on May 14, 1876 (the second year of Qing Guangxu), a native of Shanyin (present-day Shaoxing), Zhejiang. The word half Ding (there is "Chen Ban Ding Album"), a word and a half idiot, don't sign the idiot, and the word Jingshan. Half a word for the world. No. Half Ding Old Man, Half Sorcerer, Half Weng, Half Wild Old, Shanyin Half Old, Ji Shan Half Old, Mountain Vagina Upper Man, Wu Su Weng, Old Fu Ding, Bamboo Ring, Bamboo Ring Zhai Master, Jian Hu Angler, Penglai Mountain People, Defu Shi Tou Tuo. The room name is a grass hall, a garden of five acres, a bamboo ring zhai, and a Mo Ziming hall. Before his death, he was a typical representative of the Beijing-Tianjin School of Painting, vice president of the Beijing Academy of Painting, president of the Chinese Painting Research Association, the second director of the China Artists Association, and a famous modern painter. Good at flowers, landscapes, characters, animals, most famous for freehand flowers. In China's modern painting world, there have always been three major schools of painting, including the Southern Hai School and the Lingnan School, and the Northern One belongs to the Beijing-Tianjin School, and Mr. Chen Banding is a typical representative of the Beijing-Tianjin School. Chen Banding became famous earlier and became famous in the northern painting world at the beginning of the last century.
Xu Beihong (1895-1953): Formerly known as Xu Shoukang, a native of Qiting Town, Yixing City, Jiangsu Province. A famous painter and art educator in modern China. He studied Western painting in France, and after returning to China, he has been engaged in art education for a long time, and has successively taught at the Art Department of National Central University, the Art College of Peking University and the Peking Art College. After 1949, he became the president of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. Good at figures, walking animals, flowers and birds, advocating realism, Yu traditionally especially respect ren Bo nian, emphasizing the reform of Chinese painting into the Western painting techniques, painting advocates light, modeling, pay attention to the anatomical structure of the object, the accurate grasp of the bones, and emphasize the ideological connotation of the work, which had a great influence on the Chinese painting world at that time, and Zhang Shuqi and Liu Zigu were known as the "Jinling Three Masters" of the painting world. The Chinese paintings he painted were painted in ink, especially famous for galloping horses. Known as the founder of Modern Art Education in China, he advocated the development of the reform of "traditional Chinese painting", based on Chinese modern realist art, and put forward the "Theory of Chinese Painting Reform" in the context of the decadence of modern Chinese painting. On September 26, 1953, Xu Beihong died of cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 58.
Liu Haisu (1896.3.16–1994.8.7): MingYu, Zi Jifang, Hai Weng. A native of Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. He is the founder of modern Chinese art, an outstanding painter, an art educator, and an important representative of the Huangshan School. He is good at oil painting and Chinese painting art education. Before his death, he was a member of the third council of the China Artists Association, the fourth consultant, and the honorary chairman of the Shanghai Artists Association. The International Biography Centre in Cambridge, UK awarded the Outstanding Achievement Award. The Italian European Academy awarded the "Europa Gold Award". After Liu Haisu's death, the great Dutch painter Van Gogh, who was infinitely glorified, called him an "art traitor". The article says: "There are no great personalities, no great people, and no great artists." ”
Pu Xinshe (1896.9.2 – 1963): Formerly known as Ai Xin Jue Luo Pu Ru, the original character Zhongheng, changed the character Xinshe, self-proclaimed Emperor Xi, Xishan Yishi. A native of Beijing, of the Manchu ethnic group, he was the grandson of Yi Xin, the Prince of Qinggong. Outstanding modern painter. He studied in Germany and is fond of poetry, calligraphy and painting, all of which have achievements. He is good at landscape painting, figures, flowers and calligraphy. Xin She is equally famous with the famous calligrapher and painter Zhang Daqian (with Zhang Daqian has the reputation of "Southern Zhang Beipu"), and is also known as "Southern Wu Beipu" with Wu Hufan.
Pan Tianshou (1897.3.14-1971.9.5): Formerly known as Tianzhi ,字大颐,Self-signed Ashou,Shou ren,Early self-signed lazy Daoist,Xin Alanruo presided over,Later in his life he signed himself as Dongyue Yi,Yi Weng (颐翁), Lei Po Tou Feng Shou (雷婆) and so on. People from Ninghai, Zhejiang. An outstanding modern painter and educator, he is the last master of traditional painting that is closest to but has not yet stepped into modern times. Before his death, he was the vice chairman of the China Artists Association, the president of the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, and an honorary academician of the USSR Academy of Arts. He was the last master of traditional painting to come closest to but never enter the modern era. "Pan Tianshou's paintings make people feel shaken; one is full of the emotion and fun of life, and one is full of spiritual tension and pride. The former is based on natural outpouring, while the latter is deliberately managed. His lifelong struggle is at the same time as the ups and downs of Western art ideas on Chinese art, he believes that the mixing of Chinese and foreign art can promote the brilliant development of fine arts, but his own creation has insisted on seeking new ideas from tradition itself all his life, and does not reach out to learn from external factors. His differences in style with Wu, Qi and Huang do not exceed the unified circle of traditional material tools, expression methods and aesthetic tastes. Therefore, the majestic, dangerous and strong aesthetic character he pursues still has not come out of the traditional aesthetic category of "magnificent", and has not changed from borrowing the spirit of Western culture to sublime. He was the last master of traditional painting to come closest to but never enter the modern era. (People's Daily Commentary) On May 17, 2015, at the Guardian Auction Daguan - Chinese Calligraphy and Painting Treasures Auction, Pan Tianshou's masterpiece "Eagle Stone Mountain Flower Map" started from 68 million, and after dozens of rounds of bidding, it finally sold 243 million yuan, which was bought by the mysterious buyer by phone. The work was created in the 1960s and is about 23.3 square feet.
Lin Sanzhi (1898-1989.12.6): Minglin, also known as Yilin, Zi Sanzhi, number three fools, left ear, old man on the river, etc. A native of Wujiang Town, Anhui Province and County. Chinese modern poetry, books and paintings are three masters of art, and modern and contemporary cursive calligraphy is sacred. Before his death, he was a painter of the Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Painting, an honorary director of the Chinese Calligraphers Association, an honorary chairman of the Jiangsu Calligraphers Association, and the president of the Nanjing Calligraphy and Painting Institute. Qi Gong saw Lin Sanzhi cursive three bows, calligrapher Guo Moruo said that Lin Sanzhi's cursive represents China, and Japanese calligraphy giant Aoyama Sugi Yu praised Lin Sanzhi's "grass sacred relic law here". Since childhood, Sanzhi has loved calligraphy and painting. In 1972, when the Sino-Japanese calligraphy exchange was selected, it became famous in one fell swoop, and Zhao Puchu and Qi Gong called poetry, books and paintings "three masterpieces of contemporary times". Lin Sanzhi is a typical example of "late success of big things". It is precisely because of its late fame that decades of hard study have nourished the atmosphere, rhyme, meaning and interest of his books, so that they can reach the extraordinary and extremely high realm. It is also because its books have an otherworldly realm and a profound and timeless meaning, that the longer people in the book industry appreciate it, the more they benefit, the deeper they feel, and the deeper they understand. Its outstanding strength has earned it the reputation of "grass sage", and its cursive writing is revered as "forest body". Lin Sanzhi's father, Lin Chengzhang, was a sincere reader with a sincere nature and no intention of making a name, and his personality and education had a direct genetic influence on Lin Sanzhi.
Zhang Daqian (1899.5.19–1983.4.2): A native of Neijiang, Sichuan, his ancestral home is Panyu, Guangdong Province, and he was born in Shuxiangmendi. Outstanding ink painting and calligrapher in modern China. In the 1950s, Zhang Daqian traveled the world and gained a huge international reputation, and was praised by the Western art world as the "Pen of the East". Together with his second brother Zhang Shanzi, he founded one of the comprehensive Chinese painting schools, the "Dafengtang School" (大千画派). Because its poems, books and paintings are on a par with Qi Baishi and Pu Xinshe, it is also called "Southern Zhangbei Qi" and "Southern Zhangbei Pu". It is equally famous with Huang Junbi and Pu Xinshe as "Three Families Crossing the Sea". In his twenties, he grew a large beard, which became a unique symbol of Zhang Daqian's future. He has traveled with Qi Baishi, Xu Beihong, Huang Junbi, Huang Binhong, PuRu, Lang Jingshan, etc., as well as the Spanish abstract painter Picasso. Zhang Daqian is an all-round master of Chinese painting, whose creation has reached the "strength of the body and the richness of the two sects of the north and the south", integrating literati painting, writer painting, court painting and folk art. In Chinese paintings, people, landscapes, flowers and birds, fish and insects, walking animals, work brushes, omnipotence, all of them are exquisite.
Qian Songyan (1899.9.11-1985.9): A native of Yixing, Jiangsu Province. One of the main representatives of modern Chinese landscape painting, an outstanding artist, and an accomplished master of art in the 20th century. Before his death, he was a standing director and fourth adviser of the Third Council of the China Artists Association, the chairman of the Jiangsu Artists Association, the president of the Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Painting, and a deputy to the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth National People's Congress. Although Qian Songyan was not the forerunner of Mao Zedong's poetic meaning and revolutionary holy land themes, the scope and number of paintings with revolutionary classics as the theme were unmatched by other painters. In particular, the great achievements of works with the theme of revolutionary holy land are the most remarkable. However, in the art market, his works only had more than 1,000 yuan per square foot in the mid-1980s, which was a very large gap between the artistic value of his works. In 1992, an auction house in Hong Kong auctioned Qian Songyan's "Splendid Rivers and Mountains Spring In Constant" (250 cm ×470 cm), which sold for HK$1.43 million, and the whole market boiled over, opening up the situation for Qian Songyan's works to rise in the domestic market in the future. In 1956, his painting "Plum Garden New Village" (about 2.9 square feet), at an auction held in Jiangsu in 2005, after dozens of rounds of bidding, the work was collected by Hong Kong buyers for 4 million yuan, reaching 1.38 million yuan per square foot. Qian Songyan's "Ode to Jinggangshan" in 1965 was sold for 60,000 yuan at the 2002 China Trade Shengjia Auction, only two years apart, and at the 2004 autumn auction of Shanghai Jiatai, it was sold for another 160,000 yuan. Qian Songyan's "Jinggangshan Longyuankou" created around 1975 sold for 35,000 yuan in the auction market in 1994, and at the spring auction of Beijing Rongbao in 2005, the work was sold for 570,000 yuan, adding 540,000 yuan in 11 years.
Lin Fengmian (1900.11.22 — 1991.8.12): Formerly known as Lin Fengming, born in Meixian County, Guangdong Province. He is one of the founders of modern art education and modern painting in China, the spiritual leader of the Chinese art circle throughout the 20th century, the artistic master of innovative significance, the famous modern painter and art educator.
Fu Baoshi (1904-1965): Formerly known as Changsheng and Ruilin, the owner of baoshizhai . Born in Nanchang, Jiangxi, his ancestral home is Xinyu, Jiangxi. Outstanding painter of modern China, a generation of art masters of the Founding School.
Chen Zizhuang (lunar calendar 1913.10.15-1976.07.03): Formerly known as Chen Fuyan, also known as Sijin, the owner of the Orchid Garden, Nanyuan, twelve trees plum blossom bookstore, XiaLiba people, stone pot mountain people, Ah Jiu, etc., in his later years directly known as the stone pot. A native of Rongchang County, Sichuan Province (present-day Rongchang County, Chongqing), he was a famous modern painter. In 1988, he held an exhibition of his posthumous works at the National Art Museum of China to bombard the animation industry. Fang Yi, Xiao Ke, Zhang Aiping, and well-known figures in the literary and art circles Wu Zuoren, Feng Qiyong, Qi Gong, and Wu Guanzhong spoke highly of the exhibition. The grandeur of the exhibition "SensationalIzing Beijing and Shocking the World" is rare since the founding of the People's Republic of China.
Liu Dawei: Born in 1945, his ancestral home is Zhucheng, Shandong. Vice-Chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles; Vice-Chairman of the Fifth and Sixth Councils of the China Artists Association, Chairman of the Seventh and Eighth Councils; Professor and Director of the Fine Arts Department of the People's Liberation Army Academy of Arts; President of the International Association of Plastic Artists under UNESCO.
Fan Zeng (1938.7.5-), zi cross wing, bei sign bao chong zhai lord, nantong, Jiangsu. Tenured Fellow of the China Academy of Arts, UNESCO Special Adviser on Multiculturalism, Honorary Doctor of Literature from the University of Glasgow, UK, Honorary Doctor of Literature from the University of Alberta, Canada. He has published more than 160 kinds of poems, paintings, calligraphy and paintings, and philosophical works, of which 119 are treasured by the National Library of China. Fan once advocated "returning to the classical and returning to nature", personally practicing the aesthetic principle of "taking poetry as the soul and books as the bone", contributing greatly to the development of Chinese painting and creating a precedent for "neoclassical" art. In 1984, the Fanzen Art Museum in Okayama, Japan was established; in 1986, he donated and presided over the Department of Oriental Art of Nankai University; in 2008, the Fanzen Art Museum of Nantong University was inaugurated; in 2011, he won the Lifetime Achievement Award of the China Art award.
Xu Lingchao: The word Lingyuan. Born in May 1972 in Dongming, Shandong. In the mid-to-late 1990s, he successively studied under the art standardist Wang Qi and the calligraphy and painting giant Liu Bingsen, and carefully copied a large number of treasures handed down by the sages in the Palace Museum in Beijing. He is now the founder of Zhong Kui Painting of the Chinese Haofang School and a national first-class artist. Wang Qi, Li Lisheng and dozens of other masters of calligraphy and painting have successively positioned their Zhong Kui paintings as "ink bone painting souls". In March 2016, the Guinness Headquarters of Shanghai Great World passed the review of experts and determined that its Zhong Kui painting was the guinness of Shanghai Great World (the most in China).
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