"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 279th
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > Fa Ruo is really one of the few literati in Shandong in the Qing Dynasty who have achieved both poetry, calligraphy and painting! </h1>
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Fa Ruozhen (1613-1691) character Han Ru, Huangshan, Huangshi, ancestral home of Jinan, ancestors in the Ming Dynasty during the Jingtai period of Jiaozhou, the descendants of the Fa clan settled in Jiaozhou City, thinking that it was their hometown.
Fa Ruozhen's father, Fa Huan, was a former Ding Wei Ke of the Qi Nian Dynasty. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he was directly subordinate to Jinghai County. Fa Huan, a good reader, had never succeeded in the Ming Dynasty, and lived by setting up a curtain in the ink area to teach disciples. He was able to become an official because the Qing court let him enter the career path, and he was directly subordinate to Jinghai Zhi County in the north, and he was very grateful to the Qing court. He was impartial and compassionate to the people. During his tenure in Jinghai Zhi County, which coincided with a famine, he took the lead in donating his own money and persuading the local rich families to cook rice and porridge to help the victims, but none of them starved to death. In the "Great Qing Dynasty Unified Chronicle", Fa Huan was evaluated: "Good reading, teaching disciples the shore of ink, returning to the dynasty, for the linhai order, there is a favorable government." ”
When Fa Ruozhen was forty-one years old, something big happened in the family.
That year was the tenth year of Shunzhi, 1653 AD. The previous year, when he was working as a reviser for the Records of Emperor Taizong in Jingshi, his wives and concubines all died of illness in Jingshi. In the first month of the tenth year of Shunzhi, he just continued the string. In August, it was released as a grain road in Zhejiang, but due to illness, it could not be completed. In October, an accident occurred in Jiaozhou, shandong's hometown.
The imperial court ordered the general soldiers stationed in Jiaozhou, Shandong Province, to lead the troops to the south, and after receiving the order, they did not stay and did not want to march south. Laizhou branch shou Dao Dao Platform Xu Dayong received orders from the imperial court and personally came to Jiaozhou to urge Haishi to act. The crowd first paraded in the martial arts hall of the great teaching field, and Xu Dayong issued coins on behalf of the imperial court to reward the army. However, the soldiers of Haishixing mutinied in the teaching field as planned, first killing Zhang Sixian, the qigusi, and then coercing Xu Dayong to rebel, but Xu Dayong refused to listen and was killed. Li Huang, the acting governor of Zhizhou and Laizhou who attended the military parade, the imperial envoy who returned home to visit his relatives, Kuang Lanzhao of Zhejiang, and his father Kuang Ruxuan, the official Fa Huan and his second sons, Fa Ruoyi and Fa Ruoxun, were also killed.
Hai Shixing claimed to be the King of Daming Chongxing and led the rebels to burn and kill and rob Jiaodong. Seven days later, the army marched south to Suqian, Ke Suining, and Yongcheng. When they arrived in Bozhou, they were chased by the Qing army led by Wang Yongji of the Bingbu Shangshu, and Haishixing was Wang Yongji's enemy, who was captured and killed by Wang Yongji. The head of Hai Shi Xing was passed to Jiaozhou, and Fa Ruozhen slashed several knives on Hai Shi Xing's head before his father's spiritual seat to show worship.
Fa Ruozhen's father was proficient in discipleship and had a good understanding of the study of the Four Books and the Five Classics, and Fa Ruozhen received a good early education from a good family from an early age, which had a major impact on the accumulation of his knowledge. When he was twelve, he was out of the state examination, and the surname of the state doctor was Xiang, and he once elected his father Fa Huan as the first in xiucai. In this state examination, he also elected Fa Ruozhen as the forefront of the boy's test, and said with a smile to Fa Huan: "Your son's future meritorious name will definitely surpass you, 'When the cross-stove is also'." He also sent Fa Ruozhen to the prefectural examination, and the question was "Yao Bu Yao". The title is from the Analects of Yongye, and the meaning is whether the name of the thing can match the truth? The little boy actually used all the "Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji" to express his own ideological concepts. Too much to read, very surprised, suspect that the article is not from the hands of the little teenager, although, praising the article, but not rewarding him with the bonus he deserves. At that time, the boy who could enter the government examination was awarded eighty gold.
In the last years of the Ming Dynasty, wars and chaos arose, social unrest, and the rise of the Qing Dynasty outside Guanwai, pressing forward step by step, threatening the Ming Dynasty. The peasant revolt in Guannei also surged and shook the foundations of Ming rule. In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen, Fa Ruozhen and his family fled to Tieqiu Mountain in Nanxiang, Jiaozhou, but they were captured on the way, and they were stripped of their clothes and tied up. Fa Ruozhen's mother, Li Shi, and his wife Cui Shi redeemed Fa Ruozhen with their luggage.
In order to read when he was young, he lived in seclusion at the Shimen Temple, a thousand-year-old temple under the Dazhu Mountain, and immersed himself in hard reading, living in the valley for three years, immersing himself in reading and not asking about the world. Finally, in the second year of Shunzhi (1645), he took an examination convened by the Ministry of Rites, and the chief examiner regarded his article as extraordinary, and sealed his examination paper to the emperor as a "different talent". At that time, the Five Classics had been abolished as the content of the examination, and Fa Ruozhen did not know about this matter, and still wrote 20 articles with the proposition of the Five Classics. In this way, he was still hired, appointed as Neihanlin, and awarded to Zhongshu Sheren after passing the examination of the National History Academy. In the following year (1646), in the spring of the year, he was admitted to the eleventh examination of the second class, and was awarded the title of Shu Jishi of the National History Academy. He was thirty-four years old at the time, and his uncle Fa Ruozhen was also admitted to the academy at the same time.
When Fa Ruozhen was thirty-six years old, he was released to take the main examination for the Fujian Township Examination. He also made a trip home and was honored with his hometown. Two years later, he gave up his parents on leave. Fa Ruozhen has a poem "Sending a Dust Breaker", a poem cloud:
Taoyuan wind and snow are broken, and geese must not be sent.
Jade toe left Dan stove, gold rope for wine glass.
Mountain sky chick crane stay, Tan Yin old dragon open.
New planting of pine thousand acres, discuss to go to the mirror table.
In September of the eighth year of Shunzhi, Fa Ruozhen was in The Capital division and reprimanded Hong Chengzu to his face as an unfaithful and filial piety. Hong Chengyu, who surrendered to the Qing Dynasty after the Battle of Songjin, was highly valued by emperor Taiji. After the Qing army entered the customs, the Qing court attached great importance to Hong Chengzu, and even more obediently obeyed his words, promoting him to a university scholar and appointing him to be a politician.
Fa Ruozhen should enjoy the treatment of leaving Beijing by official ship, and Hong Chengyu embarrassed him under the pretext of preparing for a more easy old system, and refused to do convenience, and Fa Ruozhen raised objections. Hong Chengzuo said to him: "You have just taken a leave of absence, and you do not understand the situation of the official ship. At that time, there happened to be an official who had befriended Hong Chengzu to return to Beijing, and the official ship serving in the service was still stuck in Zhangjiawan for his private use at any time. Fa Ruozhen asked Hong Chengzuo, "There is a leave of absence to go to the official, and the official ship is still in the river, what is the explanation for this?" Hong Chengzuo said: "The character of others is noble. Fa Ruozhen said sharply, "The imperial court is customized, not based on character." If you are treated by character, please teach me sir. The reason why people have good qualities is because of the Great Festival of Loyalty and Filial Piety. If you can be loyal and filial, your character is higher than a thousand years, and if you can't be loyal and filial, what is your character? "Hong Chengzu's transfer to the Qing dynasty as the governor of Jiliao in the Ming Dynasty was a great loss in terms of fame, and Fa Ruozhen's words made Hong Chengzu speechless.
Fa Ruozhen successively went to Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, and other places as an official, and he always showed compassion for his subordinates, promoted the advantages and eliminated the disadvantages, and won the hearts of the people for his clean and honest administration. In the sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, when Fa Ruozhen was fifty-five years old, he served as a political envoy in Jiangnan, and there was a contradiction in his work with Zhou Lianggong, the acting envoy and governor of the grain road. It laid the groundwork for the kangxi governor Shuai Yan Bao to impeach Zhou Lianggong for embezzling public funds during his indulgence. Fa Ruozhen was also involved in Zhou Lianggong's case and was accused of "party tong".
In the eighteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1679), when Fa Ruozhen was an alternate official, when the alternate was in Beijing, it coincided with the Qing court's opening of the Erudite Hongzi Department, and several ministers jointly recommended Fa Ruozhen to participate in the examination, and he was unable to participate in the examination due to "stock disease". In the nineteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, when Fa Ruozhen was sixty-eight years old, he built the "One Stone Garden" in Huangshan Mountain, and sang harmony with his poetry and painting friends in the world. It is said that he abandoned his official and shaved his hair, became a monk, and lived in seclusion in the Huangshan Mountains. After his decline, he lived more in his hometown in Shandong. Fa Ruozhen has a poem "Zhucheng Huang Lai Gong Interview Geography", shi yun:
Dejun said to break the purple sac, and the jade axe long wielded the wild Zen.
Since it is a clean talk back to the uncle degree, non-guan read painting to the dragon sleep.
Congfeng stone color Qingzhu Rui, the sea tide chaotic iron spring.
Do not know the mountain and river medicine spectrum, a day of wind and rain protection transcendent.
Fa Ruozhen was one of the few literati in Shandong in the Qing Dynasty who had achieved both poetry and painting, he had extraordinary knowledge, poetry and painting were famous in the world, and Ji Xiaolan said that his poems were "not modern or ancient", but they could transcend the ordinary. His articles, "Zhuang or Humorous, Song and Weeping", "All Kinds of Changes, Ever-Changing", were praised by the literary circles in the early Qing Dynasty as "The Noble Residence of the Hai Nei Lexicon" and the literary circle "Taishan Beidou".
Fa Ruozhen, who has excellent poetry, is most praised by posterity for his calligraphy and painting works. The famous scholar An Zhiyuan said in the "Huangshan Shiliu": "When Gai Shao was young, he used the name of poetry, and the calligraphy and painting were the rest. Although painting and writing is his hobby, his calligraphy and painting works occupy an important place in the history of Qing Dynasty art.
Fa Ruozhen is good at calligraphy, and when commentators talk about Fa Ruozhen calligraphy, they all think that this talent is full of talent and unrestrained, and calligraphy "only does what it wants", revealing a distinct side of his personality. Carefully study his handwriting, Fa Ruozhen calligraphy, teaching Jin Tang, Xing, Seal, Grass, Kai all have unique styles. His writings are so vast and simple that they can fly with vigor and vigor. He can also drop ink in a big way, regardless of details, showing falsehood and reality. In the staggered, there is no going, no collection, no hanging, no shrinkage. His cursive writing is huge and large, imposing, energetic, and exciting. We cannot but admit that his calligraphy has its own origins, profound skill, and is by no means a false accusation to the wall, and the letter and pen are waved.
Fa Ruozhen is good at making landscape paintings, and his landscapes are wild and magical, and they have no wind and bones. His landscape paintings of mountains and rocks surging like waves, the ocean is wanton, and the dance of power is like a wave. His painting of the mountain can be described as "dancing mountain" to make the mountain dance, to dance lyrically. His paintings, if the real dancing mountain, majestic and unrestrained, magnificent and magnificent, the real painting world giant also. Looking through ancient Chinese paintings, there are many people who are good at using high mountains to strengthen their ambitions, those who are good at expressing their feelings with mountain momentum, and those who dance mountains, there are only a few people.
Fa Ruozhen's painting department is "entertaining, self-wandering, not bound by the master". Therefore, although it imitates the Song and Yuan dynasties, it is often self-lyrical and is praised as "the pen has fun". Occasionally, the pen is "elegant and vulgar, not stained with dust". The fan-sized painting is "majestic and refreshing, funny and leisurely". The large landscape is "magically changing, crossing the times, and standing on the wind and bones". His paintings are majestic, clean and handsome, eclectic and funny. He also painted flowers and birds with a distinct style.
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "Song for the True Song of Fa Ruo", poem Yun:
To be a hidden mountain guest,
It is unpredictable to be held.
Ji Jiao was powerless to become a bright moon,
But the possessions are afraid of frost.
Meritorious family,
Xiang Yun fluttered into the words Cuibi.
Looking at the morning and twilight,
The tour is long and narrow.
Twenty years into the old acquaintance,
If you come to Xuan Mian to ask for help.
Sweeping the road and greeting all twilight,
The face of the floating cloud mountain is carved.
It is better to find a confidant,
There is no spacing between paintings and calligraphy.
Who in ancient times would be humbled,
A scoop of self-pleasure.
Zun Qian smiled and did not stain tears,
Bitterly staying in the spring land.
The good wind and rain are more beautiful,
Therefore, it should be left alone.
Blowing over the mountain to exhaust the heat,
Sigh the withered yellow flowers.
The breeze also remembers a stone garden,
The rain rushed back to the weeping yang water.
Or Zhuang or debunking is difficult to come,
You can stop singing and crying.
All kinds of people are born laughing,
Everlasting and endless.
Hai Nei Word Altar,
There are few doubts about the honorable.
Painted as a mountain dance,
Entertaining and sad.
Self-wandering and self-stop words are speechless,
The pen has a fun and occasional pen.
Dashing and vulgar for the king's song,
Do not stain the atmosphere of the immortal spectrum.