Jiading school of bamboo carving is a school of bamboo carving technology founded by Zhu He in the Ming Dynasty, which is named because it is a Jiading person. Different from the Jinling school bamboo carving style, it is mainly engraved, the emphasis is on profoundness, and the knife method is stable, and the works are mostly based on through carving, deep carving, and high relief. Attaches great importance to the use of knife methods, likes to use round knives, and applies painting methods and printing methods to bamboo carvings, transporting knives like pens, so that this ancient craft becomes art apart from the works of ordinary craftsmen. Zhu He, Zi Ming, Song Song. According to the Chronicle of Jiading County, his ancestral home was Xin'an, and he migrated to Huating (present-day Songjiang, Shanghai) during the Song Jianyan period, and later settled in Jiading (present-day Jiading County, Shanghai). He is good at imitation printing and carving, rhyme and painting, and can use brushwork to transport the knife method, creating a profound method and a transparent carving method, which has opened up a new path for the art of bamboo carving. Many costumes such as pen holders, incense sticks, arm rests and hairpins are used, and on the bamboo wood, landscape people, objects, pavilions, birds and animals and other ornaments are depicted at will. His bamboo carvings were so highly valued by the world at that time that they were not weighed by shape, but directly called "Zhu Songzhen". Representative works include bamboo carvings and pine crane pen holders collected by the Nanjing Museum.
After Zhu He, his sons Xiao Song and Sun Sansong were both descendants of the Jiading school of bamboo carving, and they were masters of the time, and were called "Jiading Sansong" and "Bamboo Sansong". Zhu Hezi Zhu Miao, the character Qing father, the number Xiao Song. He adhered to his father's business, was knowledgeable and versatile, worked in poetry, was good at calligraphy and painting, and especially liked to carve bamboo. Bamboo carving techniques are complete, in addition to yin carving, yang carving, three-dimensional carving, but also do engraving and staying in Qingyang text, etc., the fine cool xiao of the carving is the father. According to the "Chronicle of Jiading County", bamboo carvings have a wide range of themes, including flowers, landscapes, ladies, and ancient immortal figures. Make good use of the blank space in the painting, the mountains and rivers are coherent, the tree body is vigorous, and the rows are curved and folded, as if it is a heavenly worker. Guxian Buddha statue, strange in appearance, has a Wu Daozi style. Zhu Xiaosong was very famous, and at that time there was "Xiao Song out, and the name covered the pine", which had the potential to overshadow the father. Zhu Zhizheng (朱稚征), courtesy name Sansong, was Zhu Xiaosong's third son. Since childhood, he has studied poetry and books, learned to write and paint, and is good at painting distant mountains, stones, bamboo, dead wood, etc., especially donkeys. Bogu was polite and elegant, and had a lot of contacts with the celebrities at that time, but he never pandered to the heavy money and power, and his character was highly valued by the world. He carried forward the family bamboo carving technique and became the most outstanding achievement among the three generations of Zhu's grandchildren.
The theme of bamboo carving is more extensive, and the opera allusions and legends popular in the late Ming Dynasty are moved into bamboo carving. The knife method has become the delicate workmanship of the ancestors, and the pursuit of simple and elegant meaning, especially the combination of knife method and painting method, is like a full ink pen, knife and pen at the same time, which has had a huge impact on future generations. Each piece has been completed over the years and has a high reputation for being equivalent to beads and jade. The great achievements of "Jiading Sanzhu" in the art of bamboo carving have made bamboo carving popular after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, and there are many followers, famous people include Hou Jinzhan, Shen Dasheng, Qin-Jue, etc., but the works are relatively rare. Bamboo carvings of the Jiading school of the Qing Dynasty are still popular, and the famous ones are Wu Zhibo, the Feng Xijue and Feng Xilu brothers in the Feng family, as well as Zhou Hao, Shi Tianzhang and others. Wu Zhiyao (吴之瑶), courtesy name Lu Zhen (Chinese: 吴之瑶; pinyin: Dīng Đồ Wu's carved bamboo is roughly divided into two kinds, one is the master of Zhu Sansong, with deep as a high relief, deep and shallow multi-layered, high convex near the round carving, low depression is the use of through carving technique; the other is to learn from the Northern Wei relief method of expression, with thin Yang text that is to go to the ground relief method, with bas-relief to highlight the theme, leaving the surrounding area as the background of the new carving method.
This engraving method makes the guest and the host, the virtual and the real clear, the contrast is strong, the simple bamboo wire can be seen in the plain, and the exquisite and delicate part is moist and shiny. Wu Zhipan is good at using scenery to cover the pressing, and the layers of carved ornaments are far and near, and at the limited height of bas-reliefs, even on the surface layers of the same height, they can give people a sense of perspective depth. Therefore, his works are cherished by the intellectuals. His representative works of Bodi Yangwen include the Lotus Staff Monk Figure Pen Holder, the Rolling Horse Diagram Pen Jane, and so on. Feng Xijue, Zi Jin Marquis, Jiading Chengnan people, Gong shi shan painting, carved bamboo masters. Indifferent to fame and fortune, after years of not stepping on the city step by step, living a quiet pastoral life in his hometown. Bamboo carving technology is superb, good luck round knife. There are not many works passed down from generation to generation, and the famous bamboo root carving evening pine pen holder is novel and peculiar, and it is still amazing. Feng Xilu, zi yi hou, number incorruptible. Good at carving bamboo, especially good at bamboo root characters. The "Bamboo Record" says: "The bamboo root character is flourished in the Feng clan, and the master is in the Yihou, and its imitation of the Brahma monk Buddha statue is strange and strange, strange and bizarre, and the hair of the person who sees it is standing." As for the medicinal immortals and scattered flowers, then Xuan Xuanxia lifted, transcendently had the idea of dust. ”
Among the many bamboo carvings preserved in the Forbidden City in Beijing, there are shouxing carved by Feng Xilu, the old man who collects medicine, Maitreya Buddha, and the shepherd boy pen jane. The characters' expressions, especially the subtle expressions and movements, are very expressive. Zhou Hao (1685-1773), also known as Jin Zhan (晋瞻), was a highly renowned bamboo carver from Yongzheng to Qianlong. He created the concave and convex method on the basis of the three generations of Zhu's grandson painting method of carving bamboo, bas-relief and flat carving, and directly carved landscapes, trees and stones, and bamboo without false paintings. He changed the zhu's three generations of bamboo carving landscapes and character point scenes, basically the practice of the Northern Sect, and the Southern Sect painting method was directly applied to the carved bamboo, which was unique. He is mainly based on yin carving, the contour rubbing is mostly cut out with a knife, Wang Mingshao's "Biography of the Three Artists of Jiading" said: "The rubbing hooks off the degree of Xi Neng, whether it is bamboo tubes or bamboo roots, deep or light, outline and dye, the gods are in the rules, change outside the rules, there is a pen that cannot be reached and the knife can be carved." ”
Jin Yuanyu, the author of the Qing Dynasty's "Bamboo People", once compared the Han and Tang poets to Ming and Qing bamboo carvings, and compared Zhou Hao to Du Fu of the Sheng Tang Dynasty, believing that he was the first person to open up a new method of bamboo carving in the Qing Dynasty. Shi Tianzhang was a disciple of the Feng brothers, and was summoned to the palace during the Yongzheng period to enshrine the Ruyi Pavilion. Although his bamboo root figure inherits the Fengshi carving method, he also has his own style. In the character works he carved, the position of the characters' hands and siblings, the wine of their clothes, and the demeanor of their faces are extremely vivid. For example, the old man's chicken skin crane hair, throat exposed teeth or the bones of the ribs can be indexed. He is a generalist in the Ruyi Pavilion, not only carving bamboo, but also a famous hand in teeth carving and lacquer.
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