Author: Xu Xianzhu
Shucheng County and Longshu County, ancient, modern, modern have been mixed together, it is really worth saying.
In the fourth year of Han Gaozu (203 BC), Shu County was established. In the seventh year of Gaozu (200 BC), Liu Xin became the Marquis of Shu. How big was this Shu County at that time? To put it directly, today's three counties of Shucheng, Lujiang, and Tongcheng were actually larger than this range at that time.
Lujiang County, Yangzhou, Western Han Dynasty (source | Historical Atlas of China)
The following year, Liu Xin "did not place Longshu County". "Don't put it" means "set up separately". Because the area was too wide and difficult to manage, Liu Xin divided the shudi from north to south, and the north (Shucheng, Lujiang) was still called Shu County, and the south was called Longshu (Tongcheng) County. But I don't know why, history has always understood the word "other" as "renaming", saying that Shu County was renamed "Longshu County".
The Book of Han and Geography reads: "Lujiang County... It administers 12 counties: Shu, Juchao, Longshu, Linhu, Yanlou, Zongyang, Xunyang, Xiang'an, Qian, Anhui, Hulingyi, Songzi [1]", etc. From here, it can be clearly and plainly seen that Shu and Longshu are parallel units, two counties, and it is not nonsense to say that Shu County was renamed "Longshu County"? People who say that Shu County was renamed Longshu County, why don't they look at the "Book of Han and Geographical Records"?
Book of Han (source | Oriental IC)
It can be clearly seen from the Historical Atlas of China[2] that the area of Shu County is roughly in the territory of today's Lujiang County and Shucheng County, and conversely, Shucheng County and Lujiang County were one county during the Han Dynasty, that is, Shu County; Longshu County had another territory.
The Book of Song says: During the Three Kingdoms period, "Jianghuai was a place of war, and those who did not live in each of them were hundreds of miles away." These counties are in Jiangbei and Huainan, and there are no restored households.[3] During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan of Eastern Wu and Cao Cao of the State of Wei fought in Jianghuai for many years, and Lujiang County was ruthlessly divided. The State of Wei established Lujiang Commandery in present-day Lu'an, and Eastern Wu established Lujiang Commandery in Anhui City (present-day Qianshan). Today's vast area south of Lu'an, east of Qianshan, Hefei, and west of Chaohu Lake was used as a battlefield specifically for fighting. In order to escape the war, some of the people moved to Qianshan and some moved to Lu'an. To put it bluntly, when Sun and Cao were divided, Shu County and Longshu County no longer existed.
Statue of Cao Cao (source | Oriental IC)
After the return of the Three Kingdoms to the Jin Dynasty, Shu and Long Shu gradually recovered. However, Yao Nai said in the "Examination of the History of Hanlujiang County": "Sui Wushu [4]. "What do you mean?" That is to say, in the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Sui abolished Shu County and established Lujiang County. The Etymology further states: "The Sui Kai Emperor (Emperor Wen)'s initial abolition (Lujiang County) was called Lujiang County[5]. The Cihai says more specifically: "At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, the state of Hezhou was changed to Luzhou, and the seat of government was in present-day Hefei, with jurisdiction over Hefei, Lu'an, Huoshan, Lujiang, and Chao counties [6]. ”
Lujiang County (Source | Lujiang Hometown Network)
This place of Shucheng, in ancient times, has not only been the seat of Shu County, but also the seat of Lujiang County, but by the time of Emperor Wen of Sui, it was no longer called "Shu County", and it was renamed "Lujiang County", and the county rule was still here, and the area was the same as the original Shu County, equivalent to today's Lujiang and Shucheng counties; but the county rule was moved to Hefei, and the name was also changed to Luzhou.
Shu County, established during Liu Xin's time, went through the Western Han, Eastern Han, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, until the Sui Dynasty (the name "Shu County" existed for about 740 years, deducting 60 years of the Three Kingdoms) was replaced by "Lujiang County". At that time, Lujiang County included today's Lujiang and Shucheng counties. Therefore, Shu and Lu counties have always been one territory, one whole, and belong to the same relationship.
Shucheng County (Photo | Shu Wenjie)
So, when did Lujiang and Shucheng separate?
In 735 AD, the twenty-third year of Tang Kaiyuan, another piece was carved out of Hefei and Lujiang counties to establish Shucheng County. The New Book of Tang and Geographical Records says: "Luzhou administers five counties: Hefei, Shen, Chao, Lujiang, and Shucheng. Shucheng, Kaiyuan 23 years analysis of Hefei, Lujiang place [7]. ”
Luzhou, Huainan Province, Tang Dynasty (source | Historical Atlas of China)
From the establishment of Lujiang County around 590 in the Sui Dynasty to the establishment of Shucheng County in the Tang Dynasty in 735, 150 years later, Shucheng and Lujiang were completely separated, which formed a juxtaposed brotherly relationship.
Let's talk about Longshu County.
From the second year of Liu Xinzhishu, Shu County and Longshu County became juxtaposed brotherhood until the Song Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
The Book of Song and the Chronicle of Zhou County says: "Lujiang Commandery (Lujiang Commandery) Led County, (Southern Dynasty Song) Emperor Wen Yuanjia twenty-five years, province Longshu, cut off its southern border in Lüting County, and the northern border was in Shu [3]. "As a reminder, here it is said: Delete the name of Longshu County and change its name to "Lüting County", "Northern Territory and Shu County", which strongly proves that Longshu County has existed since Liu Xin "pinned down", until the twenty-fifth year of Song Yuanjia (449) during the Southern Dynasty, Longshu County was abolished, and there was no such thing as "Shu County" being renamed "Longshu County" in history. It's all nonsense by some ignorant people. Please take the time to flip through the "Book of Song and Chronicles of The Prefectures and Counties". To repeat it, from Shucheng to Tongcheng, after passing the Big Pass, there is a stop called Lüting, that is, the historical Lüting County.
Lüting Town, Tongcheng (Source | Tongcheng Citizens Forum)
Longshu County was renamed "Lüting County" during the Song And Yuanjia period, and after 149, that is, in the eighteenth year of the reign of Emperor Wen of Sui (598), it was renamed Tong'an County, which belonged to Tong'an County.
In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, it was still called Tong'an County, which belonged to Tong'an County; by the time of Emperor Tang Ming, because of the taboo of An Lushan rebelling against Tang, the word "An" in the name of the county was removed and changed to Shengtang County and County. In the second year of De (757), it was changed to Tongcheng County. This is the beginning of the name of Tongcheng County, which has been used to this day. Lujiang, Shucheng and Tongcheng have been brothers since then, and it has been more than 1260 years.
Tongcheng District (Photo | Shu Wenjie)
Reading this, you should understand that Longshu County is Tongcheng County. Du preliminary note: Shu (today's Shucheng, Lujiang) southwest of Longshu (Tongcheng), the Six Dynasties County abandoned. The "Lujiang County Chronicle" also says: (Lujiang) Southwest there is the ancient city of Longshu. Isn't it all about the category of Tongcheng County today?
According to the SongShu Zhou County Chronicle, Longshu County was established as Lüting County, and the northern territory was merged into Shu, how was Shu County and Longshu County divided at that time? Where is the specific demarcation? We may wish to distinguish from the dialect: marked by the Tongcheng dialect, the Tongcheng accent belonged to Longshu County at that time, like the residents of Luzhen, Hongmiao, and Pingtian in Shucheng County, who still speak the Tongcheng accent today, and they should have been drawn from Longshu County to Shucheng County during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
The dividing line between Gan and Jianghuai dialects (source | Atlas of The Chinese Words of The Middle Kingdom)
Yao Nai said in the "Examination of the History of Hanlujiang County": "Song Yuanming's dragon Shu Gai was in the north of present-day Huaining and the south of Tongcheng. He believes that Longshu County is in the south of today's Tongcheng County and the north of Huaining County, and this conclusion was reached after in-depth research!
Some people may ask, since Longshu does not have much to do with Shucheng, why is Shucheng not called "Longshu"? It should be known that this nickname Longshu is derived from the attack on Longshu Water. Today's Hangbu River is the largest river in Shucheng, which has always been called "Longshu Water" in ancient times, which means that the water flowing down from Longshu County flows in this river. Later, some literati named Shuchengya because of the water, and called Shuchengya "Longshu".
Hangbu River (Photo | Shu Wenjie)
All in all, the Book of Song is right, since ancient times, "geographical differences, its details are difficult to cite, in fact, by the name of the sudden change, the territory is repeatedly divided, or one county and one county, divided into four or five, four and five, there is an urgent need for clutches, thousands of changes, qiaoli does not count, looking for schools and pushing, not easy to understand [3]. Only these words can be regarded as the objective laws of history. From the territory of the country to the small system of villager formation, it has always been frequent.
<h1 class="ql-align-justify" > complement</h1>
Du pre-noted that "there is Shucheng in the south of Lujiang, and there is Longshu in the southwest of Shucheng". This sentence confuses a very, very large number of people in history and today (including a self-proclaimed expert of the Three Kingdoms today). As mentioned earlier, Wei Li Lujiang County was in Lu'an. Du Was born in the third year of the wei and Huang dynasty, and later in the Jin Dynasty. Jin Taikang was three years old, still ruling Lujiang County in Lu'an. From the perspective of Wei and Jin, Du Pre said, "There is Shucheng in the south of Lujiang", and he said that Lujiang is today's Lu'an (not today's Lujiang County), and isn't Shucheng just south of Lu'an? "There is Longshu in the southwest of Shucheng", Tongcheng County is in the southwest of Shucheng County, which further proves that Tongcheng is Longshu County! How accurate du said!
Du Pre (Source | Baidu Encyclopedia)
< h1 class="ql-align-justify" > postscript</h1>
[1]: "Hanshu Lujiang County", Zhonghua Bookstore, June 1972 edition, 1568 pages.
[2]: Sui and Tang Dynasties, published by the Chinese Cartography Society, p. 2526.
[3]: Book of Song, 25, Zhou Junyi, Zhonghua Bookstore, October 1974, pp. 1028, 1033.
[4]: Yao Nai's "Examination of the History of Hanlujiang County" is reproduced in the "Shucheng County Chronicle, Guangxu Zhi, Youdi Zhi" Ding Weinian Edition Line Bound Volume III, page 3.
[5]: Ciyuan, 1979 edition, The Commercial Press, vol. II, p. 1027, Lujiangtiao.
[6]: Cihai, 1979 edition, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, middle volume, 1947 pages, Lujiangtiao.
[7] New Book of Tang Dynasty, Geography, Huainan Province, Zhonghua Bookstore, February 1975, 1051 pp.
<h1 class="ql-align-justify" > Appendix: Shu County Zoning Change Table</h1>
Shu County: Set in the fourth year of Han Gaozu (203 BC).
Shu County, Longshu County: Set in the eighth year of Han Gaozu (199 BC).
Shu County, Lüting County: (Southern Dynasty Song) Emperor Wen Yuanjia abolished Longshu County in the twenty-fifth year (449), and Lüting County was set up in the south of Longshu County, and the northern part was merged into Shu County. ”
Lujiang County, Tong'an County: In the eighteenth year of Emperor Wen of Sui's reign (598), Shu County was renamed Lujiang County, and Lüting County was renamed Tong'an County.
Lujiang County, Shucheng County, Tongcheng County: In the twenty-third year of Tang Kaiyuan (735 AD), parts of Lujiang and Hefei were cut off to establish Shucheng County. In the second year of Emperor Suzong of Tang (757), Tong'an County was renamed Tongcheng County.
Author: Xu Xianzhu (Creator Group of "Out of the Dragon Shu People")
Operation: Shu Wenjie
Editor: Shu Wenjie
Producer: Machi Akira Media Studio