【Abstract】
The text on the back of the Collected Works of Wang Wen has been published by the Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House under the title of "Song Ren Yi Jian". The article puts forward its own views on the geographical issues of "Shuzhou" and "Longshu" that have long been debated in the historical circles, believing that "Longshu" was originally in Shucheng, Luzhou, and that the "Longshu" that appears in the "Song Ren Youjian" refers to "Shuzhou".
【Keywords】
"Song Ren Yi Jian" Shu Zhou Long Shu
Letters and official letters from the Southern Song Dynasty literati on the back of the Chinese Song Dynasty magazine Long Shuben's Collected Writings of the Southern Song Dynasty have been published by the Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House in 1990 under the title "Song Ren You Jian", but the geographical debate surrounding this collection has not stopped. The "Wang Wen Gong anthology" is an engraving of LongShu, and the name "Longshu" has become an ancient place name in the Song Dynasty, and regarding its geographical location, the Song people said that it was in Shuzhou, and the song people said that it was in Shucheng in Luzhou. The people of the two places have studied and examined the work one after another, and this public case has not yet been concluded. Mr. Li Weiguo held the first opinion, holding that "The people of the early Southern Song Dynasty regarded Shuzhou as the ancient dragon and Shu land, and there was no doubt about righteousness." Mr. Zhao Wanli, on the other hand, said in the "Inscription of Song Longshu Ben 'Wang Wen Gong's Collected Writings'": "Longshu is present-day Shucheng, Anhui, and during the Song Dynasty, it belonged to Luzhou, the west road of Huainan, and bordered Shuzhou to the south." After examination, the author is inclined to Mr. Zhao's point of view, believing that the exact location of Longshu is in Luzhou Shucheng, but Longshu is not equivalent to Shucheng.
First, about Shuzhou
(1) Explanation of the geographical location and history of Shuzhou
Regarding Shuzhou, the New Book of Tang and Geography 5 records: "Huainan Province, the domain of Gaigu Yangzhou, the counties of Han Jiujiang, Lujiang, Jiangxia, Guangling, Lu'an, and Nanyang, Runan, and Linhuai." Yang, Chu, Chu, He, Lu, Shou, and Shu are star divisions, and An, Huang, Shen, Guang, and Pu are quail tail divisions. For the state twelve, county fifty-three. It can be seen that Shuzhou belonged to Huainan Province in the Tang Dynasty. The same volume also contains: "Shuzhou Tong'an County, On." To the second year of todeok, it was renamed ShengTang County, and later restored to its original name. ...... County 5: Huaining, Susong, Wangjiang, Taihu, Tongcheng. "This article can be seen that There are five counties under the jurisdiction of Shuzhou. Emperor Taizong of Song divided the country into twenty-six roads, and in the fifth year of Xi Ning (1072), Huainan was divided into east and west roads, and Shuzhou belonged to Huainan West Road. The "Huainan West Road Strip" of the Song History and Geography Iv records: "West Road. House: Shouchun. States VII: Lu, 蕲, 和,舒, 濠, 光, 黄. Army Two: Lu'an, Inaction. County thirty-three. After the southern crossing, the second house: Anqing, Shouchun. State 6: Lu, 蕲, 和, 濠, 光, 黄. Army 4: Anfeng, Zhenchao, Huaiyuan, Lu'an. Huaixi Road. It can be seen that after the southern crossing, Huainan West Road added an "Anqing Fu", and this "Anqing Fu" was the former Shuzhou. The same volume reads: "Anqing Province, Benshu Prefecture, Tong'an County, Deqing Army Festival." In the first year of Jianlong (960), the regiment was promoted to defense, the fifth year of Zhenghe (1115) was given the army quota, Jianyanjian placed Shu Puzhen as an envoy, and the three years of Shaoxing (1133) Shu Huangpu Sanzhou still listened to the pacification division of Jiangnan West Road. In the seventeenth year of Shaoxing (1147), it was changed to an Anqing army. In the first year of the Qingyuan Dynasty (1195), emperor Ningzong's residence was elevated to the throne. ...... County Five: Huaining, Up. Kirito, on. Su Song, on. Wangjiang, on. Taihu Lake. It can be seen that the administrative division of Shuzhou during the Tang and Song dynasties did not change much, and the five counties under its jurisdiction were exactly the same. Shu Prefecture had no military quota before the fifth year of Zhenghe (1115), and it was returned to the Deqing Army Festival. The "History of the Song Dynasty, Vol. 21", reads: "In the spring of the fifth year of Zhenghe, in the spring of the fifth year of Zhenghe, Shengshu Prefecture was made the Deqing Army." During the Shaoxing period, it was changed to Anqing Army, and during the Qingyuan period, it was promoted to Anqing Province. In the seventeenth year of Shaoxing (1147), Shuzhou was changed to Anqing Jun, and in the first year of The Qingyuan Dynasty (1195), it was upgraded to an administrative unit at the prefectural level because of the residence of Emperor Ningzong of Song, that is, "AnqingFu".
Clarifying the history and changes of Shuzhou, some of the records in the "Xiaofanghu Zhai Yudi Cong Scribe and Public Opinion" are debatable, including: "Anhui Anqing Province, 2,700 miles south of Jingshi, and 540 miles southwest of Jiangning." Note: "YuGong' Yangzhou Domain, Ancient Shu Yong State, Spring and Autumn Anhui State, Hanwan County, Later Han Lujiang, Three Kingdoms of Wu, Liang Yu Prefecture, Jin Prefecture, Northern Qijiang Prefecture, Sui Xi Prefecture, Tong'an, Tang Shu Prefecture, Sheng Tang, Song Deqing, An Qingjun, Yuan changed its current name, Mingning River Prefecture." This note indicates the evolution of place names in Shuzhou. However, the phrase "Song Deqing, Anqingjun, Yuan changed its current name" is undoubtedly inappropriate, because "Anqingjun" is only the name between the seventeenth year of Shaoxing and the first year of Qingyuan, and it was not widely used at that time, and the old name "Shuzhou" was still used. Moreover, it was upgraded to "Anqing Province" after the first year of the Qingyuan Dynasty, and it was not changed in the Yuan Dynasty. More precisely, the Yuan Dynasty was not called "Anqing Province", but "Anqing Road". "Yuan Shi And Geography": "Anqing Road, Down." At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Dong'an Prefecture, then to Shu Prefecture, and then to Tong'an County, and then to Shu Prefecture. Song was an anqing province. In the thirteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1276), the Pacification Division was established. In the fourteenth year, it was changed to the Governor's Office of Anqing Road, which belonged to the Xuanwei Division of Pu Huang. Twenty-three years later, he dismissed the Propaganda and Consolation Division, and was directly subordinate to the province. ”
(2) Explanation of the fact that the Song Dynasty is not called "An Qingjun" in the "Song Ren Jian"
After clarifying the fact that Shuzhou was changed to AnqingJun in the seventeenth year of Shaoxing, we soon found such a contradiction: the fifth volume of the Song Ren Youjian is all documents of the thirty-second year (1162) and the first year of Longxing (1163) of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, and its time was changed to Anqingjun after Shuzhou was changed to Anqingjun, which should be called "Anqingjun" in theory, but looking at the whole text of "Song Ren Youjian", there is no mention of "Anqingjun", and it still follows the old name of "Shuzhou". The author believes that this is related to the repeated establishment of officials by local administrations during the Southern Song Dynasty, which caused confusion in official names.
The prefecture is equivalent to the county in the Qin and Han dynasties in terms of administrative division, and was changed to "prefecture" in the Sui and Tang dynasties, and the Song Dynasty followed this title, and the governor was Zhizhou or Quan Zhizhou, and also set up a general judgment and a zhizhou to restrain and supervise each other, and the official affairs of the state capital must be issued by the zhizhou and the general judgment. In the military sense, the states are divided into several levels, from low to high, they are regimental training, defense, degree, and assassination history. Shuzhou underwent a transformation from low to high, originally a regimental training prefecture, Jianlong was promoted to defense in the first year, and later returned to the Deqing Army Festival, and its level was continuously improved. "Army" in the Song Dynasty was also a kind of local administrative organ, the Song government generally set up an army in a geographically dangerous place, its military status is higher than the ordinary sense of "state", the governor is called "zhi military" or "zhi jun". "Fu" is the highest level of local administrative division, and its chief is called Fu Yin, or Quan Prefect Affairs, that is, prefects. In the first year of the Qingyuan Dynasty, because of Emperor Ningzong's residence, it was upgraded to Anqing Province. With the continuous improvement of The military status of Shuzhou, its administrative status has also been continuously improved.
It is worth noting that in the seventeenth year of Shaoxing, although Shuzhou was changed to Anqing Jun, shuzhou seems to coexist with Shuzhou Zhijun in the history books. The materials of the Anqing Army Zhijun and Shuzhou Zhizhou after the Seventeenth Year of Shaoxing contained in the "Records of the Chronicle of the Lineage Since Jianyan" are listed below:
In August of the seventeenth year of Shaoxing, the Binde Army made an envoy and promoted Wanshouguan Xing Xiaoyang to be a lieutenant, and Yizhen Anqingjun.
In July of the nineteenth year of Shaoxing, Xin Wei, the left-centered Fengfu Yang Wei knew Shuzhou.
In February of the 25th year of Shaoxing, He commanded liu Bao as an envoy to the Anqing Army.
Shaoxing twenty-eighth year of August C noon ... Taichang Shaoqing Wang Gui introduced both the introduction of the disease and the removal of the Zhishi Wenge and Zhishu Prefectures.
On the 29th year of Shaoxing, Emperor Dingjiang was made an envoy to the Anqing Army.
Shaoxing thirty years in May... So he dismissed (Shen) Jun's speech, and Jun's request to go, but to get rid of Shu Prefecture.
Shaoxing thirty years of July A noon ... Shi Wenge and Wang Gui of Zhishu Prefecture were in charge of the Taizhou Chongdao Temple.
Shaoxing thirty years of July B wei ... Zhang Yuan, the envoy of the Weiwu Army and the commander of the Ma Infantry Army of the New Jiangnan West Road, moved the deputy capital of Huainan West Road and the concurrently quan zhishu prefecture. Zuo Chaosan lang and Shen Jun of Xinzhishu Prefecture moved to Huizhou.
In August of the 30th year of Shaoxing, Xin Wei, the emperor's uncle An Qingjun (安庆軍) was made an envoy of the An De Army.
In October of the 30th year of Shaoxing, Xin You, the envoy of the Zhao'an Qing Army, the commander of the Tianwu Sixiang Capital, and the commander of the Zhenjiang Prefecture in front of the Imperial Palace were all in charge of Liu Bao.
Shaoxing Thirty-first November Jiashen ... Wei Wujun Chengxuan made Zhang Yuanquan of Zhishu Prefecture in charge of the Huaixi Pacification Division.
Shaoxing thirty-second year of April penta... Shiwen Pavilion to be made, lifting Jiangzhou Taiping Xingguo Palace Yang Wei Zhi Shu Prefecture.
Among the officials who were cited above, Wang Guizhi was Shuzhou and Zhao Shizhi was An Qingjun, both of whom were ranked officials, not actual positions, so they were not in the scope of discussion. Yang Huan, Shen Jun, Zhang Yuan, and others knew Shuzhou, and obviously belonged to real posts. This shows that although Shuzhou has been promoted to the Anqing Army in the seventeenth year of Shaoxing, its status as a state-level administrative organ has not been abolished, but has formed a unique situation in which the state and the army are parallel. Shuzhou appears in many places in the Song Ren Youjian instead of "Anqingjun", which indicates that these documents belong to the state-level administrative system and have nothing to do with "Anqingjun".
Second, about Gu Long Shu
(1) "Luzhou Shucheng" and "Gulong Shu"
After consulting, analyzing, and integrating a large number of materials, the author believes that "Gulongshu" should be in Shucheng, Luzhou. Geographical records after the Song Dynasty are very accurate in their records of Shucheng and Longshu. The "Yuanfeng Jiuyu Chronicle" "Lujiang County, Luzhou" has: "Shucheng, Gulong Shuye." The "Shucheng County of Luzhou" article of the Guangji of Youdi guangji reads: "Shucheng County, after the surname of the ancient Shu Guoyan, was destroyed by Chu, and erhanshu County was ruled by Lujiang County, and was later abolished." Tang Kaiyuan twenty-three years, analysis of Hefei, Lujiang, Shucheng, the county belongs to Luzhou, there are Longshu Mountain, Longshu Water. "This record indicates that at least in the twenty-third year of the new century, the land of Hefei and Lujiang was placed in Shucheng, which belonged to Luzhou.
The "Taiping Huanyu Chronicle" "Lujiang County Article" also contains: "Longshu Ancient City, Hanwei County, the Ancient City is in the west of the present-day county, still exists." This shows that the ancient city of Longshu is west of Lujiang County, and its location is probably the Song Dynasty's Luzhou Shucheng. The earliest record of this is in the Old Book of Tang and Geography, "Lujiang, the name of Han County." Hanlongshu County is a county in Lujiang County. Liang placed Huzhou, Sui Fu old also. Shucheng, 23 years after the new century, was divided into Hefei and Lujiang counties, taking the name of Gulongshu County. It can be seen that in the Han Dynasty, Longshu County belonged to Lujiang County. In the 23rd year of Tang Kaiyuan, the land of Hefei and Lujiang counties was divided into Shucheng. That is to say, Shucheng includes the old Longshu Land, and its area is much larger than that of Longshu. The above materials complement each other and support each other, proving that Gulongshudi is in Shucheng County, Luzhou, and also fully proves that Luzhou Shucheng is not equivalent to Gulongshu.
(2) "Long Shu" in the Song Ren Yi Jian refers to "Shu Zhou"
Most of the books in the Song Ren Jian are Shuzhou, but "Long Shu" repeatedly appears to refer to Shuzhou. In the twelfth letter of the third volume of the Song Ren Shu Jian (宋人佚簡), which is entrusted to his superiors, it is written: "The Emperor of Yumu is afraid of a hundred prayers, and the Longshu Wuyi is extremely difficult to cook."
The "Longshu" here should refer to "Shuzhou", because "Wuyi" refers to the five counties under the jurisdiction of Shuzhou, namely "Huaining, Susong, Wangjiang, Taihu, and Tongcheng", while "Shuyi" is a modest name for its own jurisdiction, and the management at this time is "Right Fengyi Langzhi Taihu County's supervisory school affairs to persuade farmers to do official affairs", so it should refer to "Taihu County".
This content is in line with the records of the five counties under the jurisdiction of Shuzhou in the New Book of Tang and Geography and the History of Song. There is no doubt that the "Longshu" here refers to "Shuzhou".
In the document, "Longshu" is used to refer to Shuzhou, and there is a possibility that the political district of Shuzhou has expanded to include Shucheng, Luzhou, so it is called Shuzhou instead of "Longshu". "Records of the Chronicles of the Lineage Since Jianyan": "In February of the thirty-second year of Shaoxing, the Imperial Camp Su Wei envoy Yang Cunzhong, the Huaixi system envoy Li Xianzhong, the official Fang Zi in charge of the Huaixi Pacification Division, the Huainan Transport Judge and Huaixi Punishment Qiang Youyi, Xiang Yan Luzhou's terrain was difficult to defend, and after four broken, Shuzhou's terrain was belted, living in the middle of the counties, begging to move Huaixi Shuaisi to Shuzhou, Zhizhou and Collar. Luzhou under the administration of Hefei, Shen County, Shucheng, and Shuzhou, see present-day Luzhou as Hefei County. If the content in this material is true, it means that in the thirty-second year of Shaoxing, the three counties of Hefei, Shen county and Shucheng under the former luzhou administration were all under the jurisdiction of Shuzhou, and the ancient dragon Shu in Shucheng County was also assigned to the jurisdiction of Shuzhou. Thus it is proved that the "Long Shu" in the individual book briefs of the Song Ren Yan Jian refers to ShuZhou. However, the suggestions of Yang Cunzhong, Li Xianzhong, Fang Zi, Xiang Wei and others were not recognized by the imperial court. "None of the three that have been declared in the present existence of the middle are successful, and the present is very anxious if it is led by the soldiers, followed by Tun Tian, and the construction of castles to control the key points is secondary... So the deposit was discussed. The lattice is to block, to block, meaning unfulfilled.
The author believes that the use of "Longshu" in the document to refer to Shuzhou is related to the rule of Shuzhou to all Longshu Township and Longshan. Shu prefecture should be governed by Huaining County, "Ming Yi Tongzhi": "Huaining County is attached to Guo, Ben Han Lujiang County, Anhui County, Wu of the Three Kingdoms is the city of Anhui, the Eastern Jin Dynasty began to set up Huaining County, Sui Xi Prefecture and Tang Shu Prefecture are all ruled here, the Song and Yuan dynasties are still there, and the dynasty is therefore the same." It can be seen that whether it is Shuzhou in the Tang Dynasty or Anqing Army in the Southern Song Dynasty, its seat of governance is in Huaining County. However, the ancient "Huaining" is very different from the current "Huaining" in terms of geographical location, the ancient Huaining is in the Qianshan Mountains of present-day Anhui, while the modern Huaining is more southeast. In addition, the Song Dynasty state capital and the like generally have aliases, and the scribes often do not call a certain state a certain province, but love to quote the scriptures, so it is natural that the "Longshu" in the document refers to Shuzhou.
END
Source: Journal of Cangzhou Normal College, No. 3, 2011
Author: Chen Jing
Draft: Chang Hongyu
Editor: Lin Lijie
Final School: Chen Wenling
Review: Wu Chenyan
● Song words and place names
●Research on place names and the distribution of salt industry in the historical period of Guangdong
●Discussion on the method of examining the meaning of geographical names
● "Zengcheng" and "Boluo" place names and the early mythological relationship of Luofu Mountain
●Development and protection of geographical names and cultural resources in Shaanxi