Jurchen completes the final destination and ending of the Yan clan
——Re-read the article "Tucheng, Li Dadou and Others" (author Liang Zhilong) and his thoughts
Wentu Wang Xuesong
The author of this article and Mr. Liang Zhilong take a group photo with Liang Zhilong on the left
In the picture, wang Jiabu is the complete Yan department
In 2018, the descendants of the Qingming Wang clan (The Completed Yan clan) sacrificed the old tomb mountain
Introduction: Mr. Liang Zhilong is the former deputy director and researcher of Benxi Museum, and one of the archaeological excavators of Goguryeo Mountain City in Huanren Wunu Mountain, and the author had the honor to interview once. The article "Tucheng, Li Dadou and Others" is a research article written by Mr. Liang Zhilong on the historical materials of Jurchen figures in the Hunjiang River area of Tonghua in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Because the article is very related to the Jurchen "Finished Yan Family", the author has read it several times and benefited a lot. Now, combined with other literature, we will try to sort out the whereabouts and destinations of the Jurchen Yan clan after the death of Jin to solve the confusion. It is also hoped that relevant experts will correct the deficiencies.
The author combed and found that, first, after the death of Jin, the Jurchen Completed Yanbu or the Completed Yan clan did not disappear with it, but returned to their original places of residence- changbai mountains and mudanjiang river basins, that is, the ancient solemn and prudent land, and have always existed in the form of a complete tribe. Second, due to social and historical changes, the name of the clan to which the Yan clan belonged has changed. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, the name of the tribe was Huli gai, Huoerha and Wuliangha, which were named after the old name of the river where they were located, that is, Mudanjiang. Third, the Jianzhou Wei of the Ming Dynasty was established with the Completed Yan Department as the main body, and the chieftain Aha Chu (also known as Yu Xuan Out, Shu Fei Out, surnamed Completed Yan) was given the surname Li because of his meritorious service in the conquest of the Northern Yuan regime by Zhu Dai, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, and his later chiefs were called Li.
Fourth, during the Yuan and Ming dynasties, the Yan clan was still the Jurchen clan that dominated the dominant side until the end of the Ming Dynasty. Fifth, the Huli Reform Department where the Yan clan is located and the Hui Duo Pity Department where the Ai Xinjue Luo clan is located are close neighbors and have a close relationship with each other. This close relationship lasted throughout the Yuan and Ming dynasties, lasting about 300 years. In this relationship, the Guanyan clan has always been in a dominant position. Sixth, in the Ming Dynasty, after the Jurchens moved south to the Hun River and the Hun River Valley, the Jianzhou Wei where the Yan clan was located began to decline after several joint attacks by the Daming and Korean armies. At the same time, nurhaci, who attacked the leader of the Left Guard of Jianzhou, Aishin Kyaw Roshi, rose up in the face of adversity and eventually unified the Jurchen tribes. Seventh, the wangjiabu that was finally conquered by Nurhaci was the complete Yanbu after the decline.
First, it is related to the whereabouts of the Yan family
The Jin Dynasty was founded in 1115 AD by the Jurchen Jurchen Dynasty, the Nine Emperors, 119 years of the calendar. It was later destroyed in 1234 by temujin's Mongol forces. After Emperor Taizong of Yuan conquered the Jin capital Ofeliang, there was an edict that "only the Yan clan will not be pardoned, and the rest will be spared". That is, "only the face is not forgiven". It can be seen that at the time of the rise and fall of generations, the cruelty of human nature is beyond imagination. It should be said that this move was particularly a blow to the Jin Imperial Family.
Of course, no forgiveness is not forgiveness, and people cannot be killed. After the completion of the Yan clan, the clan has deep roots and is "called tenacious". Despite the calamity of the Mongol Yuan, hundreds of years later, there is still a complete Yan clan in the world. What really shows Temujin's talent is the phrase "Lian Song extinguishes gold". As it is not related to this article, it will not be discussed here. Since the death of Jin, there are very few records of the whereabouts of the Jurchens and the Completed Yan clan, and even the descendants of the Completed Yan clan are not very clear about this, and they can only understand one or two based on some of the genealogical materials that have been handed down. In the newly revised "Genealogy of the Wang Clan" (2017), the author also had limited information at hand at that time, so he could only say that it was simple, not complicated, and it was very regrettable. Each family has limited records and cannot be studied in detail. However, the general outline of the ethnic group and the direction of the context should be clearly analyzed.
Zodiac Zhou's "Naturalist Classic Hui Jianyi Kao" Yun: "This woman is the golden remnant." This is a very blunt statement, but it is a point. Zodiac Zhou is a Historian of the Ming Dynasty, and what he calls the Jurchen Dynasty is the Jurchen people who were active in the northeast region of the Ming Dynasty, that is, the remnants of Jin. The Ming Shilu says: "However, from the northeast of Kaiyuan to the south to the Yalu River, about 800 miles, those who live around the east are all Jurchen relics, and the so-called Dongyi are also." This sentence indicates the origin of the Jurchen people's clan and the spatial scope of the living area. Wei Huan in the "Imperial Ming Nine Side Examination. Liaodong Town Bian Yi Kao said: "Jianzhou, Mao Lin then Bohai Great Clan relics, happy to live in the seed, good at spinning, diet and consumption are like Chinese, since the Changbai Mountains can be cured and ruled." Haixi Cottage Yi is known as the mature female straight, after the completion of the face, jin's legacy also. Customary farming. ”
Both the "Legacy of the Great Clan" and the "Remnant of Jin" indicate the ethnic attributes of the Jurchens of the Ming Dynasty, that is, the Jing Dynasty. The Dashi (大氏) refers to the founder of the Bohai State, Dazuorong, who was the leader of the Su Dynasty. And wei Huan said that after the haixi cottage was destroyed, it was the remains of Jin, and it seemed to be more refined. Whether this division is accurate or not needs to be carefully examined. This article only discusses and thinks about the historical conclusion that the Yanbu is one of the eight jurchen parts of Jianzhou.
Second, it is related to the end of the face
In the "Eight Banners of Manchuria Clan Genealogy", it is said: "The original place name of The Completed Yan is because it is a surname. "Where is the look?" There is no explanation in the book. The records of the famous people of the Yan clan are called the place of residence. Such as Ye Chen: The place where the world lives in the end of the face. Mogud: The place where the world lives in Zhaoyu Castle. Niyaha: Shiju Orkhon place, etc. The Genealogy of the Monument erected for Borkin reads: "In the early years of Taizu, he led Manchuria to return and was appointed as a bodyguard. "Borgin's surname is Wanyan, and he is also a person who lives in Wanyan and Manchuria. For another example, the tomb of General Yan in Donggou Village, Hada Town, Fushun, records: "I finished the Yan clan first lived in NingguTa, and returned home during the Tiancong period of the Qing Dynasty." "Ningguta, present-day Ning'an County." Tiancong is the era name of Emperor Taiji. The ancestral Ninggu Pagoda should refer to the area of residence before the Southern Pavilion of the Completed Yan Dynasty.
The blue flag "Genealogical Order of the Wang Clan" records: "Taste the ancestors of the old old clouds: the Wang clan is a Miao descendant of Dajin, originally living in the south bank of the Tieling River, because the Taizu of the State Dynasty camped in the south of the Fan River, and accidentally caught fire at night, the Wang clan and the people struggled to save it, and Taizu used it as a military academy." "Taizu, referring to the Qing Taizu Nurhaci." Pu Yun: "Since before zi, dating back to the beginning of the Song Dynasty, Gai has more ancestors, but the world is far from being considerable." The Fan River originates from Tieling Baiqi Village, and its source area is the Liaodong Mountains, which are precisely the hilly areas bordering Kaiyuan and Fushun. In fact, the significance of "Fan Henan" is that it is an important residential area after the Jurchens moved south in the early Ming Dynasty. This area is exactly what the Ming Shilu says, "Only by the northeast of Kaiyuan ... Those who live around the east are all Jurchen relics."
Mr. Meng Sen said in the "Jurchen First": "Now according to the command of Jianzhou Wei, the family slaves were released, and they were returned to their native Wei in the tenth year of Yongle (1413). The person who was the first to open the original place in this state-building female straight (true) was left behind by the freed house slaves. "Benweidi, when referring to the Hun River Basin or Hun River Basin allowed to live in the Ming Dynasty, is only about 100 kilometers away from Kaiyuan, and the mountainous landforms along the route are similar, all of which are mountainous and hilly. Like this, it may be speculated that the Wang clan was a complete Yan clan that was scattered and left here when the Shijia slaves first moved to the Liaodong region.
According to some data, after the death of Jin, some of the remnants stayed in the Central Plains, serving the people on the spot, or hiding their names, or changing their clans, and from then on they became the people of one side; another part of the people, who retired to Jin Yuan's hometown, were also local people and the people of one side. Where is Jin yuan's hometown? The so-called white mountain black water is also! This is more reasonable, but the subsequent description is insufficient. Later, I read a historical essay by the historian Mr. Meng Sen entitled "Races and Lineages in the Qing Dynasty". The text says: "Only before the Qing Dynasty, in terms of race, it is indeed a woman... Yuan can extinguish gold, but cannot destroy the Jurchen seed, and only drive back the Jurchen homeland. From this, the doubts were solved.
In fact, this ending is similar to the experience of the Manchus after the Qing Dynasty. It is no wonder that Qing and Jin, the clan is the same root, the caste is also related, the ending is similar, it can also be regarded as the underworld, its own arrangement. Further, in fact, the outcome of the Mongol Yuan Empire was the same, after the Mongol cavalry was defeated by Zhu Yuanzhang, the remnants also retreated back to the desert northern grasslands, and thus there was a contest between the Later Jin and the Northern Yuan regime. Shi also, shi also!
Third, it is related to the ending of the Yan family
Mr. Liang Zhilong wrote in the article "Tucheng, Li Dadou and Others":
"In the twenty-third year of the Wanli Calendar (1595), The Korean Shinjung sent an envoy to Jianzhou, traveling north along the Mansha River, passing through a tucheng before crossing the Po Pig River (Hun River,...... Tucheng is the chieftain of the Various Tribes of Mancha, Li Dadou, Li Yinan Lord, Li Lin Guzhi and other raiders who have led more than a thousand brave people to live in this city... Mansha is both a place name and a tribal name, and Shen Zhongyi marked the valley here as Mansha Cave, the river flowing through the valley as Mansha River, and the other mountain peak as Mansha Ridge. Mansha is now called Ban fork, and the pronunciation is still this. Manchabu is located in the Xinkai River basin of present-day Ji'an City, Jilin Province, which is the Xinkai River, which flows into the Hun River after passing through Bawangchao Village, Cai'an Town, Ji'an City. The two sides of the strait are Tonghua County and Liaoning Huanren Territory. There is the Fuer River here, which flows south through Huanren Beidianzi Village, and then passes through Tonghua Jiangkou Village and flows into the Hun River..."
ManchaLing, now Laoling, is the watershed between the Hun river and the Yalu River. Mr. Leung Chi Lung wrote: "The Mansha Department, the literature is also called the Complete Yan Department. Wang Jiacheng, the literature also finished Yancheng. "Peng Zi (Wanli Sixteenth Year) ,...... In the autumn of September, he took the Yanbu Wang Jiacheng ("Taizu Shilu"). The year was 1588 in the Gregorian calendar. This earthen city is also considered to be the last residence of the Completed Yenbu in history.
Scholars believe that Daidu Morgen, who was beheaded by Nurhaci, is Li Dadou. "Lead the army to recruit Wang Jiacheng,...... Conquer it and behead its lord, Daidu Morgen. "Up, refers to the Qing Taizu Nurhaci. Mr. Liang Zhilong also examined this in the text, and speculated that Li Dadou was a descendant of Li Manju, the leader of the Jianzhou Wei. However, the accounts of North Korean history are different. The "Records of Jianzhou" written by the Korean Shin Chung-il said: "Tucheng is the chief of the Various Tribes of Mancha, Li Dadou, Li Yinan, Li Linguzhi, and others who have copied more than a thousand brave heroes to live in this city, and have resisted the invasion of slave chiefs and others, fought together for four degrees, and still held each other, and they were invincible in the end, so they took advantage of the night... Those who have fled for their lives, who do not know where they are now." Nu chief, referring to Nurhaci. At this time, Nurhaci's identity was the governor of Jianzhou Zuowei.
Mr. Zhang Shizun agrees with this statement (see Mr. Zhang Shizun's "Jianzhou Wei Activities in the Hunjiang River Area and the Examination of the Origin of the WangJia Clan"). Mr. Zhang Shizun further believed that Ye Chen, a celebrity in the early Qing Dynasty who "lived in the place of complete Yan", was li Yinan, the last generation leader of the completed Yan department. Mr. Jang Shi-jeon also quoted the Korean document "Lee Dynasty Records" as saying: "Aha was born as Wuliang Hawanhu, and his surname was Wanyan. In the Ariake generation, Aha's descendants called the Wang clan after taking the sound of the finished Yan, and also took the meaning of the completed Yan and called the Jin clan. ”
After the demise of Wang Jiabu, some of his people fled to Zhaoyu City. Zhaoyu City, present-day Zhaojiabaozi, Xinbin County, Fushun. Lord Li yinan later led his troops to surrender nurhaci. That is, "Mao Pi led the Jianzhou Wei to obey." "Mao Pity, Mr. Liang Zhilong believes that it is the Jurchen Dong Ebu. In fact, the two have a great relationship, Li Manzhu's uncle Meng Brother buhua, once served as the leader of Mao Piwei. After that, the Yan clan entered the ranks of the Later Golden Eight Banners, and many clans belonged to the red flag and the blue flag, and then fought in various places, and then "followed the dragon into Beijing." ”
Fourth, it is related to the inheritance of the Yan clan
If it is said that Li Dadou and Li Yinan are the descendants of Li Manzhu, the leader of Jianzhou Wei, then what is the relationship between Li Manzhu and Jianzhou Wei and the Guanyan Department? Li Manzhuo ( 李萬住 ; 199999 ) was the grandson of Aha , the head of the Ming Dynasty. Jianzhou Wei was one of the health centers set up in the Northeast region of the Ming Dynasty to manage the Jurchens. Later, the Jianzhou left guard and the Jianzhou right guard were precipitated. The former was headed by Aha, whose surname was Wanyan, and the latter was headed by Timur, a fierce brother of the Aisin Kyaw Lo clan. Later, Thermour's younger brother Fancha served as the leader of the Jianzhou Right Guard, and Zi Dongshan served as the leader of the Jianzhou Left Guard, which was for the Nurhaci lineage.
"Aha out, the true head of the female outside the liaodong." Taizu took Jianzhou Chu as the command emissary, and Aha Chuya. ”
Jianzhou Wei was placed in the Ming "First Year of Yongle" (1403), and the first commanding envoy was Aha. "In August of the eighth year of Yongle, in order to command Aha Chu and his son Shi Jianu and other conscripts, he gave Aha the name Li Sicheng and the Shi Family Slave Li Xianzhong." Yongle is the era name of Ming Chengzu Zhu Dai. From the conquest of meritorious service, refers to the father and son of Aha, when he accompanied Ming Chengzu Zhu Dai to conquer the Northern Yuan regime, went deep into the desert north, made military merits, so he was rewarded by the Ming court, was given the surname Li, and his daughter also entered the palace as a concubine, and Aha came out and was named the commander of Jianzhou Wei. At the recommendation of Ahab, Timur, a fierce brother who was "intelligent and knowledgeable of the Heavenly Dao", later served as the commander of the Jianzhou Left Guard.
Mr. Leung Chi Lung believes that, first of all, Li Manzhu and his descendants have inherited the surname of Li. Ah ha's name is Li Sicheng, the shijia slave is Li Xianzhong, the shijia slave Li Manzhu, and the subsequent Li Dadou who lives in the Wangjia Tucheng, Li Yinan lord... Li Gunaha, Li Douli, Li Dahan, Li Sha Yidou, etc., are all called by the surname Li. Secondly, Mr. Liang Zhilong quoted Korean historical sources in the article and said: "Forty-eight people, including Tong Duozhi, came out of the words: The elder Yi Kechi brothers of the Left Guard Chieftain took the Jianzhou Wei chieftain Li Yinan and others as their subordinates. ”
Old Yi Ke chi is Nurhaci. In the words, he said that Li Yinan, the chief of Jianzhou Wei, was difficult. Lee Yi Nan is the lord of Li Yi Nan in the "Chronicle of The Chronicle of Jianzhou" written by the Korean Shin Joong-il. Third, according to the location of Tucheng marked in the atlas, it is the base camp of the Mancha tribes to resist the invasion of slave chiefs. It can be seen that Li Dadou and Li are the chiefs of Jianzhou Wei in the capacity of the lord of the difficulty, that is, the descendants of Aha Chu and Li Manju.
That is to say, Aha's surname is completed Yan, and the main body of Jianzhou Wei is mainly composed of complete Yanbu. However, the name of the Completed Yan Department at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty was Huoer habu. Note that this completed face is no longer the complete face of the golden time. The name has changed, and the composition of the personnel is also different from that of the golden time. After all, the elites of the Yan clan have either disappeared or disappeared with the demise of Jin, or lurked in the folk.
The historian Mr. Meng Sen pointed out in the "Jurchen First" literary treatise that the Yuan "Kaiyuan Road, the ancient and prudent place, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the black water of the Sui and Tang Dynasties." It is bordered by the sea to the east, Goryeo to the south, and Khitan to the northwest, that is, the tribe of the Golden Ancestors. The first number of Jurchen. In the "Jianzhou Chronicle NO. 2", quoting the Northeast Yitiao of the "Daming Huidian": "Female Zhigu solemnly, in the mixed Jiangdong, north of Kaiyuan City." East coast, west of Wuliangha, south of Korea, for the Kim Yu evil. In the first year of Yongle, the leader of the wildlings came to the court, and then the territory was annexed. "The leader of the wildlings, referring to Aha out." It is bordered by the sea to the east and the Sea of Japan to the east. It borders khitan to the northwest, which refers to the northwest of the area around present-day Kaiyuan and Songyuan.
These two historical materials, one of which explains the geographical location of the ancient solemn land. Both illustrate the Ahadha and Jurchen races, who are the "Golden Remnants", who live here. It can also be said that the Jin people and the Yan clan who were "expelled from their homeland" by Meng Yuan returned to the ancient place of Sushen. The New Book of Tang and the Biography of Bohai says: Bohai "takes the place of solemnity as the capital of Shangjing, known as Longquan Province". It is the city of Tokyo in present-day Ning'an County. Jia Tan said in the "Chronicle of entering the Siyi Dao City": "On the Bohai Sea, the capital is bordered by the Kuhan Sea, and thirty miles southwest of it is the city of Sushen. "Bohai, refers to the Bohai State." Sweat, Mudanjiang is also known as sweat. Kuhan Sea, the name of the ancient lake, into which the Mudanjiang River is injected, is now Jingpo Lake.
Meng Sen also quoted the Entry of the New Book of Tang as saying: "'The Bohai clan set up the Binfu and led the three states of Hua, Yi and Jian'. Its land is near present-day Xingjing, Jilin Province, and it is the place where Jianzhou is born and rests. "Xingjing, the old town of Hetuala in present-day Xinbin County." According to historical sources, it was the founding state of the Bohai State period; near Xingjing, when the guide was relocated to the founding of the state in the middle of the Ming Dynasty.
In addition, the historian Mr. Wu Han also clearly pointed out, "Jianzhou was called Jurchen in the past, and Jianzhou Jurchen was a descendant of Jin." "It is because of this that the whereabouts of the Jurchens after the death of Jin are already clear.
5. Where is the place of the end?
The "History of Jin" says: "The first of the jin, out of the Jing clan". "Han Pu, the ancestor of Jin, first came from Goryeo and lived at the end of the servant dry water..." Servant dry water, now Mudanjiang. The end, the water's edge terrace. The previous sentence indicates that the kin's clan is the Jing clan, and the latter sentence indicates the location of the Completed YanBu. Note that this should refer to the complete Yanbu at the beginning of the Khitan dynasty. Scholars Guo Changhai and NahaiZhou believe that the place where HanPu lived at the end of the Servant Dry Water was in the Erzhan River Basin, a tributary of today's Mudanjiang River. The Erzhan River is 74 kilometers long and flows east into Jingpo Lake.
According to the "Encyclopedia of Jilin Province", the Liao Dynasty had the Completed Yan Department, which was first the Anche Bone Department in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the Completed Yan Part of the Liao Dynasty was nine parts...
The Anche Bone Department is one of the seven parts of the Jing Dynasty, and its location is said in the Book of Sui to be in the northeast of "BoRu". Bo Ru, New Book of Tang. The Biography of the Northern Di contains: The late part of the millet, living according to the water of the end of the millet, the water originates from Shanxi, and the north injects it into the leaking river, and the little northeast is known as the Boru department. Tang was incorporated into the Bohai State. Millet water, now Songhua River; it leaks the river, now Tao'er River. Shanxi refers to the west of Changbai Mountain. The Book of Suishu describes it as "north of the end of the millet", about the present-day Larin River Valley. It is said that it was in the area of Boduna, that is, in the territory of present-day Buyeo County. The Guangxu version of the "Jilin Tongzhi" says that an che bone, "press out the tiger also". Press out the meaning of tiger, ancient water name, Jurchen language gold. History of Jin. The Geographical Chronicle says: "Shangjing Road, that is, the land of the ancient sea, the old soil of Jin." In order to press out the tiger water source here, so the name Jinyuan. "The Qing dynasty called the Alchuk river. One is said to be a transliteration of Al chuka. Alchuk, in present-day Acheng district. The Fifth Emperor of the Jin Dynasty led the people from the "End of the Servant Dry Water" to the side of the Tiger Water.
This is a well-documented migration of the Yan clan, not far away, but of great significance.
In addition, the author searched for the anche bone entry on the Internet, and now copied several for reference: "Guoxue Network" Historical Encyclopedia: Che, YiZuoju. In the east of Boju Jing, it was distributed in the area centered on present-day Ning'an County and Mudanjiang City. After Tang Ping wentryeo, the tribes scattered, and the remnants were incorporated into the Bohai (kingdom). CNKI Encyclopedia: Present-day Ashe River Basin. "Sogou Encyclopedia: The area southeast and east of present-day Ylang-ilan." It is because of this that the activity area of Jin's former Jurchen Complete Face Department seems to have been understood. That is to say, along the Mudanjiang and Songhua River basins, it is the hometown of the Yan clan and jurchens in history. These places are ancient and prudent. Of course, it also includes part of the present-day Korean Peninsula.
Mr. Zhang Shizun said in the article "Jianzhou Wei's Activities in the Hunjiang River Area and the Examination of the Origin of the Wangjia Clan": The ancestral residence of the Jianzhou Department in the Ming Dynasty should be near the three surnames in the middle and lower reaches of the Songhua River. In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, Shuidada Road in Helan Province was set up in this area, leading 50,000 households. Namely, TaoWen, HuLi gai, Hui Duo pity, de-hui pity and Bo Ku Jiang. In the twentieth year of Hongwu (1387), the Northern Yuan Naha clique collapsed, and the Ming Dynasty took Taowen, Huli gai (Wuliangha, Huoerha, Huerha), and Huoduopi three ten thousand households, and set up 30,000 wei in Huoduoli. However, due to the difficulty of supplying military food, it soon moved south to Kaiyuan... In the first year of Yongle (1403), based on the Wuliang Habu, Jianzhou Wei was set up...
There is an interpretation, Dada, or Tatar; Water Dada, refers to a person who lives by water. The three surnames, Manchu, refer to the Ylang Ylang region. HuiDuoli, in Jilin Dunhua. Wuliangha, that is, Huerha, Huoerha, Huliga. The salutations are different, pointing to the same. Jin Yuan called the Mudanjiang the Huli gai (hai) river, the Tang called it The Sweat, and the Ming called the Huoerha River. North Korean historical sources call it Wuliangha. The establishment of Jianzhou Wei on the basis of the Wuliangha Department is the establishment of the Jianzhou Wei on the basis of the Complete Yan Department.
However, at this time, the Huli Reform Department was named after the river where he lived, which was different from the previous name. That is, it is not based on the surname of Guanyan, nor is it based on the title of Jin Shi. It shows that with the change of living area and era environment, the tribal names of the Jurchens have also changed. The First Dynasty's Completed Yan Department was located in the west of Dunhua County, in the Huli reform area, specifically in the source area of the Mudanjiang River. The Mudanjiang River originates from the Dunhua Peony Ridge, and flows into the Songhua River from the Ningguta, known as Huerha and Huerha, and flows into the Songhua River in the west of Yilan County. Scholars believe that the Guanyanbu, headed by Ah ha, is located east of the mouth of the Mudanjiang River that flows into the Songhua River, and the Chuduolibu, headed by the fierce brother Timur, is located west of the mouth of the river, and the two are close to each other, and they are also married families.
This shows that, first, the Yan clan has always lived and lived in the ancient Sushen region, and the living feature is a place surrounded by mountains and rivers. Second, after the death of Jin, the Jurchens and the Yan clan, who were "expelled from their homeland" by the Mongolian Yuan, returned to the familiar Songhua River and Mudanjiang River basins, as well as the birthplace of these two major rivers - the surrounding area of Changbai Mountain, and their living area space was still in this ancient and prudent region. Although times have changed, the memory of the homeland remains.
Sixth, the second migration of the Yan clan
The reason why it is called the second migration is that when Jin Xianzu Waske, the leader of the troops began to move to the side of the tiger water.
When did the Jurchen Yan clan at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty begin to move south from the Yilan area? What is the reason for the move? The "New Certificate of Migration of The Jurchens in Jianzhou in the Ming Dynasty" (by Dong Wankun) quotes the Records of the Li Dynasty as saying: "In the eleventh year of Emperor Taizong (the ninth year of Ming Yongle, 1411), the rainy day of April: Timur, a boy of the Wuyin Society in the northeast, migrated to Kaiyuan Road. ...... The fierce brother Timur tasted the invasion of Qingyuan, feared his sights, and migrated to Fengzhou. Fengzhou is the residence of Kaiyuan Jin. ”
"WuYinhui" is "Huiduoli". Tong Meng brother Timur, North Korean historical sources call the meng brother Timur as the surname of Tong (Tong). It is for the ancestors of Nurhaci. Kaiyuan, about refers to the Yuankaiyuan Road. Jin Yu is out of the void, referring to Aha out. In Korean historical sources, it is said that Aha's surname is Completed Byeon, and it is also called Kim in paraphrasing. That is to say, Timur moved to Fengzhou in the Huifa River Valley around 1411 to live with the Abha clan. The location of Fengzhou is said to be in Hailong Town in the upper reaches of the Huifa River, and the other is in mountain towns. Some scholars believe that it is the ancient city of Nanshan Chengzi in present-day Huinan County.
Mr. Dong Wanlun said: "In April of the sixth year of Sejong's reign, Xin Wei: In the twenty-second year of Yongle, after Li Manju, the grandson of Ahab, moved to the Po Pig River (Hun River), his subordinate Shen commanded Xiaofu Kouzi, who came to Korea, and said: 'We have lived in the ancient city of Weifengzhou in Jianzhou for more than twenty years, because the Tatar army invaded on February 17, and Dusi Li Manju led ... More than 1,000 households went to live in po pig river. In the same record, Sejong's sixth year, July Yihai: Li Manju, the grandson of Ahab, commanded Yugu only to wait until the border of the Korean River and the Manpokou Ziyan said: "Originally living in Fangzhou and other places such as the Huibo River (Huifa River), for the sake of the Tatar Wudiha invasion, the previous year, by the Holy Will, moved to the Po Pig River and other places."
Feng Tongfeng. That is to say, the Jurchen Aha ministry was moved to the ancient city of Fengzhou around 1391. The reason was that it was because of the invasion of the Wudiha people (the Savage Jurchens, one said to be the Present-Day Hezhe people, the other said to refer to the Jurchen Nest Jibu). It is said that the time when Huli changed his army to Fengzhou was around 1372 (the fifth year of Ming Hongwu).
According to one theory, Aha's troops first moved to jianzhou in The lower reaches of the Shuofen River ( present-day Shuangchengzi ) in the lower reaches of the Shoufen River ) , and in 1403 ( the first year of Yongle ) , Ming set up Jianzhou Wei here. Another theory is that during the reign of Ming Hongwu, Ahad led his troops from the mouth of the Ilan River to Jiangsa in the western part of the Amu River, present-day Helongjing. According to a third theory, around 1372, Ahab led his troops to Fengzhou on the upper reaches of the Huibo River. Huibo River, also known as Huifa River. The Chodo-ri department, on the other hand, first moved to the Hunchun River valley and then crossed the Tumen River into the Gyeongwon area of North Korea. In 1388, it was moved to the Amu River Valley (Honyeong, Joseon). In 1405, Ming also gave Timur the post of commander of Jianzhou Wei.
It can also be seen from this that historically, the Huri Reform Department led by Aha and the Chu DuoLi Department led by Timur have always lived side by side and neighbored to each other. This process continued until the early Qing Dynasty. The reason for the relocation from Fengzhou to Tonghua, Huanren and other places in the Hunjiang River Basin was that they were invaded by the Tatars.
Other scholars believe that Ahazon was responsible for his feud with Korea, and in the spring of 1406 (the fourth year of Yongle), he led his troops from the north bank of the Tumen River to Fengzhou. In April 1411 (the ninth year of Yongle), the fierce brother Timur also led his troops to move to Fengzhou. In this year, Ahab died for some reason, and his son was released from his family slave to take up his post. In 1412, Ming Dynasty Jianzhou Wei set up another Jianzhou Left Guard, and appointed Meng Brother Timur as the commander of The left guard. The two ten thousand households in the yuan dynasty waited and separated from each other ever since. In 1423, Timur led his troops back to live in the Amu River Valley. In October 1433, Timur was killed by the Wudiha yangmu Dawu, and the brother Fancha attacked him.
7. Relocate to the Hunjiang River Basin
(i)
In 1423 (the twenty-first year of Yongle), the Mongol Tatar soldiers invaded Fengzhou and the Shijia slaves were killed. In order to take refuge, his son Li Manzhu moved south to the Hunjiang River Valley, where he lived in the village of Weng, the southern foothills of the present-day Wunu Mountain. Wunu Mountain, formerly known as Wula Mountain and Wu Thorn Mountain. Hunjiang River, also known as Po Pig River.
Mr. Zhang Shizun verified that in June 1433, Li Manzhu and his troops moved to Wumi Province in the north of Wula Mountain (Dongchengzi Village, Huanren County). At the beginning of 1438, it was moved to the upper reaches of the Hun River. HunHe, formerly known as Xiaoliaoshui, is called Hunuhu River in Manchu. It originated from The Rolling Ridge in Qingyuan County, Fushun City. Upstream, when referring to the territory of Qingyuan. In June, it was moved to New Binzaotu Mountain. Subsequently, Fan Cha also led his troops to live with Dong Shan, the son of Timur. Later, in the dispute between Fancha and Dongshan, in 1442, Ming Jianzhou Zuowei was the second. One is the left guard, led by Dong Shan, and the other is the right guard, who is led by Van Cha. At this point, the three guards of Jianzhou began to be formed.
However, the new living area is not a paradise. Judging from the situation at that time, this area was a deep mountain and old forest area, which was difficult to eat and difficult to survive. Looking at two records of the Korean historical sources: First, "On April 17 today, Xiao Fuli Kouzi commanded thirteen soldiers to look at yuebian, Wuliang Ha Shen commanded thirteen soldiers, and the cattle and horses were merged with thirteen heads: We lived in the ancient city of Weifengzhou in Jianzhou for more than twenty years, and because the shoe rough army invaded on February 17, Dusi Li Manju led more than 1,000 households under the command of Shen ShiLiha, Shen Erluo Lao, Sheng She, Sheng Zhi Luo Da, and lived in the Po Pig River. In the year of the Decay, Mengsheng promised to live in Po Pig Jiang Duo Hui Ping and other places, and now he has come to receive it, but he has no rations, seeds, salt sauce, and he wants to live as a beggar. Second, "Jianzhou Wei commanded Yu Guzhi, Qianhu Tong Guanyin Lao, and a total of twenty-six men and women, carrying cattle and horses in Manpukouzi at the border of the river and the imperial city of Pinglaitun in the north of jiangsu." Day of Speech: Originally living in Fangzhou and other places in Bojiang, due to the invasion of shoe target WuDiha, he was moved to Po Pig River and other places by holy will the year before to find food for hunger. ”
This is blunt enough to say, there is no "ration seed salt sauce, eager to beggars to live." "For the hungry." From this, the first is that we can see the daily dietary customs of the Jurchens, in addition to fishing and hunting, they also cultivate fields and eat sauce. The second is the characteristics of the name, although it is transliterated into Chinese, it can also be seen that the characteristic customs of the Jurchen name can be seen. Third, the number of households that have moved to live in po pig river is large, reaching more than 1,000 households, and they are living in poverty and have no food and clothing.
(ii)
From the perspective of geographical environment, this area belongs to the Changbai Mountain area. Li Manzhu and other Jurchens not only had difficulties in survival, but also had to face repeated blows from Korea and the Ming Dynasty. Korean historical records record the confession of a Jurchen captive named MaiTu, from which we can see the poverty and embarrassment of Li Manzhu and other Jurchens at that time: "In the west of the Wuwei River (Fuer River) there is Wu thorn mountain (Wula Mountain, Wunu Mountain), there are dangerous mountain cities, the west is not afraid of Liaodong (indicating the army), the north is not afraid of Dada (referring to Mongolia), and the south is not afraid of the Korean army Ma Ke. ”
Suffering from enemies on three sides, this living environment is enough to worry about. During this period, in order to avoid blows, Li Manzhu and others traveled back and forth between the Hunjiang, Fuerjiang, Hada River (Wumaoshui), and Hunhe River basins, changing their residences from time to time. Li Manju had eight sons, and the eldest son was named Guo Thorn Ha. Its "dwelling in the plains without vegetation ... The name of the place where the old Philodore is. "Plains should refer to the Hunjiang Valley. Let's look at two accounts. One is that, in September 1437, the Korean army attacked and plundered Jianzhou Wei: "The capital moderation caused Li Wei to divide his army into three ways on the seventh day of the first month of the month: Li Hua, the upper protector, led 1,818 men to the southern red Tuoli of the Wu Thorn Mountain; and the great protector Zheng Decheng led 1,203 people to the south of the Wu Thorn Mountain. Li Zang and Jian Yan restrained Hong Shixi and Jiang Jie to restrain Li Zhen, leading 4,772 people to the Urn Village, Wu Zi Zhan, Wu Mi Fu and other places, from the river boundary across the river. ”
In this battle, the Korean army won a great victory: "The three route armys were all victorious, and they burned and searched the ancient Yinxian, the thorny mountain castle, and the Wumi Mansion of Ah Xian, and killed sixty thieves." Forcing Li Manzhu to request migration to the Ming Dynasty again: "In June of the third year of orthodoxy (1438), the Jianzhou Wei commander Li Manju was in charge of the guards, and zhao Xiyin was sent to command Zhao Xiyinha: 'The old residence of Po Pig River was repeatedly snatched and killed by the Korean army and horses, and could not be stable. Now moved to the southeast of the Zaotu Mountain, the Hun River, still serving the imperial court, did not dare to violate. For such a request, the Ming government replied: "Bingbu Discussion: Hunhe Water and Grass are convenient, not close to the border city, can be inhabited." "Not close to the border city, refers to the border wall set up in the Ming Dynasty, such as Guangshun Pass between Kaiyuan and Fushun. The North Koreans' report read: "Far above the Hun River, its displacement is clear." It can be seen that Li Manzhu and other Jurchens were miserable at that time.
Another article records The death of Li Manzhu: "In the spring of the third year of Chenghua (1468) ... So he sent a division to negotiate the establishment of a state, using both Liaodong troops, and North Korea also entered from the Yalu River with reinforcements. According to Korean historical sources, "At this time, Li Manju, the governor of Jianzhou, and his son Gunaha, who were forced by Wujing Bo Zhao Fu and other soldiers, fled to Wumi Province, where they were detected by the Korean army and beheaded." That is to say, at this time, Li Manzhu and others moved back to Wumi Province (DongchengZi) in Huanren Province. This time, it was a joint strike by the Ming and Korean armies. Although Li Manzhu's father and son were cunning, they were still caught by the North Korean soldiers and "hunted and beheaded." In the same year, shi Dongshan, the son of his brother Timur and the commander of Jianzhou Zuowei, was also executed after being detained. This seriously injured Jianzhou Wei and Jianzhou Zuo Wei. It can be seen that surviving in the cracks, when poor and weak, can still tolerate, once there is some development and growth, it will face the pain of being cut off.
Maybe that's the end
To use a sentence of "it is not easy to survive after the big gold", it is more appropriate to describe the Jurchen people in this period.
From the death of Li Manzhu's father and son, from 1468 to 1595, 127 years have passed, and records of Jianzhou Wei and his successors are rarely found in history. It can be seen that this blow is fatal. Back to Mr. Liang Zhilong's article "Tucheng, Li Dadou and Others": "In the twenty-third year of the Wanli Calendar (1595), the Korean Shenzhong sent an envoy to Jianzhou, traveling north along the Mansha River, before crossing the Po Pig River (Hun River), passing through a tucheng ,...... Tucheng is the chieftain of the Various Tribes of Mancha, Li Dadou, Li Yinan Lord, Li Lin Guzhi and other raiders who have led more than a thousand brave people to live in this city...
Obviously, this was the final foothold of Li Manju's Complete Yan Department, that is, Jianzhou Wei, that is, Wang Jia City in Bawang Chao Village in Ji'an City, that is, Tucheng. Nurhaci attacked the city in the autumn of 1588. After 7 years, the Korean envoys visited Jianzhou and passed through this place, and the description of the tucheng should have been a ruin, and the things recorded should also be the process of hearing and hearing. At this point, the Jurchen Jianzhou Wei, that is, the completion of the Yan Department, completed the last migration in history. It is called migration because this location is only a river away from Wulashan Weng Village and Wumifu in Huanren County. In the past, it was also a place of deep mountains and old forests. Fortunately, after Li Man lived, there were still Li Dadou, Li Yinan, Li Lin Guzhi and other figures. However, at this time, Jianzhou Wei was already a heroic twilight.
After experiencing the cruel reality that his father was killed by the Ming army, Nurhaci, the newly raised Jurchen lord, because he was not willing to be slaughtered, he started with the "seven great hatreds", and finally completed another historic transformation of the Jurchen people, not only defeating the Ming Dynasty, reconciling the Mongols, but also making Korea a vassal. His descendants continued to establish the Qing Empire and then dominate China.
In fact, from the time Aha and Timur were counted, the two were related to each other. Timur's mother, Ye Wuju, was a member of the Yan clan, and after his second marriage, he gave birth to Vancha, who later became the commander of the Jianzhou Right Guard. Her daughter Shunjie married Aha's eldest son, Shi Jianu, and gave birth to a son, Li Manju. Yago's other identity is Aha's cousin. At this time, Aha was the chief of the Jurchen Huoerha (Wuliangha, Huerha) department at the end of the Yuan and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. Timur's father was the chief of the Jurchen Dori tribe. Between the two, there is not only a constant blood relationship, but also a close neighbor relationship that has been suffering from each other and living together for 300 years.
Of course, there is also a relationship between the two and the marriage of men and women, which is not included in this article. According to some documents, in 1452, the Jianzhou Right Guard Fancha Department, together with the second son Pu Lao and the fourth son, The Family Slave, moved to the source area of the Tonghua Hun River, and built a castle here, and named it Wanyan City after his mother Yawuju's surname in honor of his mother. This move is not lacking in filial piety, but it also has the intention of retreating under helplessness. This is also the reason why there are two complete Yan cities in the Tonghua area. After Li Manju lived, by the autumn of September 1588, the Complete YanBu, represented by Li Dadou and Li Yinan, was destroyed by the Nurhachi of jianzhou zuowei on the same bitter root. After that, the three families of the three guards were unified, and Nurhaci was the only one. Not only that, but the Jurchen ministries were also surrendered one by one and became one again.
The Jurchen forces to which Nurhaci belonged, called themselves Jin, historically known as Hou Jin, are a continuation of the Jin Dynasty, or a relationship of inheritance.
In fact, the situation between Kiyonori and Kanenohori is similar, and the external living environment faced by the two is also similar, and in the process of unifying the Jurchen departments, they have also experienced the baptism of blood and fire of the same root and brotherhood. When she appeared on the stage of history under the name of Jin or Qing, on the one hand, she was a thief and a victorious emperor on the other. One thing is the same, they all endured hardships, and later with weak bodies, with wisdom, with a tenacious sense of national survival, they rose up to fight, and finally defeated a powerful opponent.
Regarding the exact location of the Yan clan when they lived in Huanren County, in addition to historical records, Mr. Wang Junhui of the Huanren County Cultural Relics Bureau also said to the author in an interview: "The Guanyan clan is at the mouth of the river - the mouth of the Beidianzi River, the hunjiang river, the entrance of the Fuer River, this is no problem." "I just don't know if this estuary is the same as the location of Tucheng referred to in Mr. Liang Zhilong's article."
February 5, 2021 Shenyang
About author:Wang Xuesong, media special reporter, writer, mainly engaged in humanistic materials interview, collation, writing, dissemination. Residence in Shenyang.
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