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Qingshui Lingjia is the founder of the Pingjiang Ling family, Ling Xiuran, who settled in The Late Tang Dynasty in Pingjiang Qingshui Jinhuatai and is an old resident of Pingjiang.
Genealogy of the Pingjiang Ling clan
The Chronicle of Pingjiang County says: "Ling Xiuran, during the Song Dynasty, was known as Xianliang and the first Pingjiang County, and loved the Pingjiang Mountains and rivers to win the situation, and settled in Qingshui after the expiration of the first year of Song Jianlong's term of office (960). ”
The so-called Xianliang and Di belong to the Fangzheng Branch of the Imperial Examination, which began in the Western Han Dynasty, and was recommended by the Minister of Gongqing and zhuhou County, and the emperor personally asked questions, and the selected ones were awarded officials, and the Tang and Song dynasties were therefore therefore. The tributes and the first are all people with profound learning and high moral character. It can be seen that Xiu Ran has both moral integrity and ability, and serves as a county clerk in Pingjiang, assisting the county order, which is equivalent to the second in command in the county.
The "Pingjiang County Chronicle" is wrongly recorded, and Ling Xiuran is not a Song Dynasty xianliang and the first. It should be in the Later Han or Later Zhou period during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Later Han Dynasty was founded by Liu Zhiyuan from 947 AD to 950 AD, the capital of Kaifeng, the second emperor, four years before and after. Later Zhou was the founding of the Han Dynasty after the fall of Guo Wei, the ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty, and the capital was Kaifeng Province, the three emperors of the Calendar, 951 AD to 960 AD. Ling Xiuran's appointment in Pingjiang Dang County was supposed to be a matter of the Later Zhou Dynasty, and by 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin's "Chen Qiao Mutiny" Jianlong had already expired his imperial term. It is not known how long he served in Pingjiang, and it is impossible to examine his virtuousness and whether he was in the Later Han Dynasty or the Later Zhou Dynasty.
Xiu Rangong's settlement in Pingjiang should have three considerations, the first of which should be the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the situation was unstable, the war was chaotic, especially in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas was the main scope of contention between various forces, and the people suffered greatly from the war. Secondly, Xiu Ran was an official in Pingjiang, with moral integrity and good reputation, and had a good reputation for getting along well with the People of Pingjiang, and was very popular with the People of Pingjiang, and should be the main reason for settling in Pingjiang; in addition, Xiu Rangong had a very humanistic feeling, loved the Pingjiang Mountains, and should also be the reason for settling in Pingjiang, so he chose Jinhuatai, a good place with mountains and waters, to settle down, as the ancestor of the Ling clan of Pingjiang. At that time, compared with the landscape of his hometown of Jiangzuo Danyang (present-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), Pingjiang may have been slightly better.
After Xiu Rangong settled in Pingjiang, the people multiplied and flourished. The Qingshui Ling family, up to the 15th Dynasty, is divided into nine major rooms, which are called: Ximen Room, Qingtan Room, Xinjie House, Three Calf Source Room, Qingshui Room, Basho Source Room, Tatou Room, Poplar Source Room, and Haojiazhuang House. It is branched and scattered throughout the county.
It is understood that the Pingjiang Ling clan, more than 14,000 people, one said nearly 20,000, sourced from the clear water, and multiplied for forty generations. Among the Pingjiang surnames, there are many origins and many veins, except for the Pure Clan of the Qingshui Ling Family. Its ancestral hall was originally in the new official pass on West Street, destroyed in the war, and later rebuilt in Yongjiang Jinping.
Pingjiang Ling Clan Ancestral Hall
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The Qingshui Ling family has become a famous and prestigious family, and the nine major houses have their own advantages, people are thriving, and celebrities are emerging. The most representative should be the new street pass this house, the so-called new street pass to the local residential site as the name, after some moved to the county west fifteen miles of the Jinkeng, some live in the stone. During the Yongqian period of the Qing Dynasty, the 28th Huilian Duke gave birth to five sons, Huangyu, Huangxing, Huangshi, Huangren, and Huangzai. Among them, Huangxing also gave birth to seven brothers: Mohe, Mohe, Mojue, Xingyuan, Moxian, Xingyao, and Weiyuan. Jiu Si Gong Ling XingYao, word among them, the family lives in Qing shui peach blossom ridge.
Poetry: Peach blossoms are planted on the Peach Blossom Ridge, and thousands of leaves and thousands of branches are stained with color.
Rain, rain, wind and wind are strong, and when ripe, they can pay tribute to the emperor's family. When Jiu Sigong was young, his family was poor, and at the age of 16, he went to the county with his brother to do business. The family letter records that he was "quick in describing sex", "good at sealing and breeding", and became extremely rich, and "accumulated and scattered" after making a fortune.
"Narrative agility" reflects his ability, can speak the Tao, and is pertinent, calm-headed, quick to respond, quick thinking, coupled with a few years of private school, culture, soon pingjiang tea, boils, oil, paper and mountain goods business to do a good job.
"Good fengsheng" shows that he has a strategic vision, good investment, not only investing in business, but also investing in connections, and cultivating talents and his own forces. Not only did he do mountain goods and Pingjiang specialties, but he did seven votes for the Pingjiang salt ten votes business. This requires the approval of the government to operate, not only a business license but also an indicator to enter the market. It can be seen that its "good sealing" makes it a fish in the business field, and in the end, it is not only the huge wealth of Pingjiang but also the big household of Huxiang.
"Accumulation and dispersion" shows the generosity and virtue of Jiu Sigong, good character, often relief for the poor and disaster victims, donation of the Valley of Righteousness to a thousand burdens; and his nephew Wen Kui brothers to rebuild the Lingyun Pagoda in the west of the county. In the old days, it was said that the water flowed down around the county town through Yanjiatan, the water inlet was not tight, and the literary atmosphere leaked, so that the cultural fortunes of Pingjiang Yuanming were not prosperous, and the examination and the first few. After many years of unsuccessful attempts to repair, Jiu Sigong and his nephew Wen Kui rebuilt the Ling Yun Pagoda. Repair the examination shed, and fund to help the students of the county to go to the examination, and build roads and bridges to repair the ancestral hall, such as the Chengtan Pontoon Bridge, the Locust Tree Bridge, etc., and hire famous teachers, build schools, supervise the class nephews. Pingjiang organized a group training, defended the family and defended the country, Ling Xingyao first donated three thousand strings of money (one string is equal to one thousand texts)
The seven cubs of Huangxing should not have been born of a wife. I don't know if it's Taohualing Feng Shui or Huang xinggong who married a good wife. It is no wonder that the wife in the family is the best feng shui.
Huang Xinggong's seven cubs, the old six stars (Nine SiGong), will do business and be a person, supporting the wealth of the Qing Shui Ling family.
His son Wen Wei (文尉), tongzhi (同知) was the Head of the Qinjia Salt Transport Division, and was given the title of Zhongjia (中議大夫). He died of illness at the age of 48, and Li Yuandu made an epitaph for him. The second son, Wenzao, is too student. The third son, Wen Fu (文芾), the title of prefect of Hua Ling, is a candidate for tongzhi. The fourth son, Wen Qian, Gong Sheng, anhui supplement tongzhi.
Ling Shengxi, the grandson of Jiu Si, is commonly known as "Hongjian Lao", the son of Wen Fu (文芾) is the character Hongyi (洪翥), and the Guangxu Pengzi (Guangxu Pengzi Keju). He served as a cabinet secretary in Beijing, and later served in Nanjing and other places as a Taoist, and later served in the Ministry of Law. After the death of the Qing Dynasty, the old family members of the squire, later lived in Hankou.
The ling family tree records about Ling Shengxi
Ling Gengnan, the son of Ling Jia Shengbing, 10 cubs and 3 girls, such a large family only left one room in Qingshui, and the rest ran in all directions, all over the country.
Ling Zemin, the grandson of Lieutenant Wen, went to Burma to resist japan, ran out of food, and the whole regiment sacrificed heroically, and was later rated as an anti-Japanese martyr.
Jiu Si and his brother Old Seven Wei Yuan, the appearance of the gentle and elegant, no hustle and bustle, yu yi spent money, built a mansion in Hankou, set up a wharf, for the four merchants jia spoke of the land. Unfortunately, he died young, at the age of 41, and was appointed as the director of political history. But Wei Yuan had two good sons, Wen Kui and Wen Heng.
Wen Kuiguan to the prefect of Yichang, Hubei Province, is the biggest official to do. Wen Heng, the prefect of Lan Ling, the father of Ling Rongzhong. Kosan Fun Garden was built by the Wenkui brothers, and later helped Rongzhong to run the school and use it as a school.
The Ling brothers did business and took the tea trade in Pingjiang to the extreme, and Pingjiang still has not reached this level. At that time, pingjiang's black tea sales accounted for more than 60 percent of Hunan province. Tongzhi's "Pingjiang County Chronicle" records: "Tea, Yi production is abundant, there are tea taxes, the end of Daoguang, black tea is flourishing, the merchants and people are transported to the ocean, and the age is not less than hundreds of thousands of gold." The sales volume of Hezai and Pingjiang black tea accounted for 65% of Hunan. (Many foreign teas are playing the Pingjiang brand and selling through The Pingjiang sales channels, so the output is large) especially the Qingshui Lingjia. The Ling family was the first to make Pingjiang black tea abroad. The Ling family has a fleet of ships, a dock, and a mansion in Hankou.
Tea farmers in the Pingjiang Tea Garden are picking tea
The Qingshui Ling family supported half of the Pingjiang fiscal revenue at that time, (mainly the tea tax) It is no wonder that the old prefects and counties ordered that when they took office in Yuezhou and Pingjiang, they must first go to the Pingjiang Qingshui Bai Wharf, which is also a natural rule. To what extent the Qingshui Ling family is rich, there are rumors that Ling Shengxi, the word Hongyi, the number Jian Qing, commonly known as "Red Jian Lao". The grandson of the sixth elder and the son of Wen Fu. Elder Hongjian did the funeral for his mother, played 380 bed stalks, hit 180 copper smoke copper, and asked the craftsman to set up a ghost house, commonly known as the spirit house, a building made of wooden planks, and the monk Qi Ling is the spirit inside the spirit house. It can be seen how big the scene is. Of course, this is anecdotal, or exaggerated.
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In the old days of Pingjiang, in addition to the Qingshui Ling family, there were also the Toda Zhou family, the Sanyang Huang family, the Changqing Li family, and the Chen family of Lishan. Comparing strength and influence in the course of history, Qing Shui Lingjia should be the first to be promoted.
The history of Qing Shuiling's family has broken the spell of "three generations of wealth", starting from the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty and continuing to prosper for nearly 200 years. And not only in Pingjiang is a famous door, but also a big huxiang household. Zeng Guofan was ordered to run regimental training and build the Xiang Army, and there was no funding, and the first thing that came to mind in order to raise funds was the Ling family of Qingshui in Pingjiang, and assigned Guo Songtao to raise funds at his doorstep. The Ling family's fleet of 18 ships has been requisitioned, and another 15,000 taels of silver will be donated. It can be seen that the Qing Shui Ling family is famous.
The reason why the Qing Shui Ling family can grow its auspiciousness is that its family style and family morality, from the beginning of the cultivation of the public, it is based on virtuousness and the first, thick virtue, nine sigong to establish a business of integrity to make money, but also to scatter money. In particular, in the education of their children, they are "good at feudal breeding", willing to spend costs, extending the invitation of famous teachers and classroom children, and most of the descendants have both moral integrity and ability, and what is valuable is that although they are large households, they have rarely heard of the existence of a cunning world. In the late Qing Dynasty, there were a large number of people who studied abroad in the Ling family, such as Ling Biru, who graduated from the Tokyo Higher Normal School in Japan, and his wife Zhang Yuanzhen, who graduated from the Sacred Heart Women's College in Tokyo, Japan; Ling Banru, graduated from Waseda University in Tokyo, Japan; Ling Younian, graduated from the Tokyo Higher College in Japan; Ling Xiaxin, graduated from the Tokyo Imperial University in Japan; Ling Minjiao, who studied in France; Ling Rongzhong and Li Qiaosong all studied in Japan.
Later, the Ling family read many books, taught many people, and there were many scientific researchers.
Qing Shui Ling's family did not get rich by exploiting others and did not compete with the people for profits, but by doing trade, earning the money of foreigners and foreigners, and also brought the local economy alive, invigorated the local industry, and drove one side of the people. Pingjiang tea picking female workers county town to Ongjiang, Huankou, Shifeng tens of thousands of people, above the county town to Changshou Street more than 10,000 people, Miluo River often thousands of sails racing, water transport busy. The Income provided by the Qingshui Ling family's trade for the county finance is more than 50%. The Ling family has made the business into a career, not only making money themselves, but also benefiting from the society, not only cultivating pillar industries for the county, but also being a large taxpayer, and being able to see the righteousness and scatter wealth and do charity, such a large household is of course welcomed by the locality. This is also one of the reasons why the Qing Shui Ling family is respected.
The great achievement that the Qingshui Ling family can record in the annals of history is the Qiming Girls' School established by Ling Rongzhong and Li Qiaosong. It is not difficult for a person to do a good deed, but it is difficult to destroy his own home and do things for the society, and once he does it, he will spend his whole life fighting for the education cause in Pingjiang.
Images courtesy of the author
Destroying the family to run the school, but also running a new school, not only a new school, but also a girls' school, not only in Pingjiang but also in Hunan and even the country Chinese the earliest girls' school (except for foreign churches) was formally established in the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907). This matter will always be a banner in the history of Pingjiang education, and Ling Rongzhong and Li Qiaosong will always be a model for Pingjiang people to learn, which is the biggest act of kindness of the Qingshui Ling family. Why do you say this, because this move led to the atmosphere of a local democratic revolution, a profound change in women's liberation and equality between men and women, when women were still small-footed women, and it was the best historical witness of education to save the country and develop the wisdom of the people. Pingjiang was the first to win the democratic revolutionary atmosphere, and the Qiming Girls' School was indispensable.
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Last year, I wrote an article about the "Sanyang Huang family", a micro-friend who has never met in Shanghai called Zhou Zihan, (a business executive, a national second-level psychological consultant, a traditional Chinese medicine acupuncturist) She said that his grandfather was from the Sanyang Huang family, and his grandmother was from the Qingshui Ling family, but he had never been to Pingjiang, and her mother had never returned to Pingjiang. She spent a lot of time and energy getting to know her grandparents. Last year, she returned to Pingjiang, which gave me a little understanding of the descendants of the Ling family and introduced me to her grandmother's situation, which I called Ling Guming, the daughter of the Ling family.
In the middle of the front row is Ms. Ling Suwen
Ling Guming is also called Ling Suwen, his father is called Ling Minjing, also known as Ling Fangyao (1886-1962) Ling Minjing's father is called Ling Shengxi, shengxi's father Lieyun, and Lieliu's father Moti. Ling Minjing is a famous squire in Pingjiang. It is rumored that The Master (Ling Fangyao) is still the leader of the Qing Gang, and Pingjiang and Changsha are fighting a lawsuit over the border dispute, or it is difficult for the Master to come forward. Ouyang Fu of the Forestry Bureau adopted many orphans outside, and Ouyang Fu of the Forestry Bureau adopted him back to Pingjiang and funded him to study for five years.
Fuzi Is also a well-known old Chinese medicine doctor with eight apprentices in Pingjiang, and Chen Xuan is one of his apprentices, who is still alive. Fufuzi's acupuncture is known as a divine needle, and he is the author of the "Medical Mysteries". There was a time to let the master travel in a sedan car, halfway someone stopped the car, please let the master save people, it turned out that there was a pregnant woman who was dying after childbirth, and the master used the god needle to bring the dead back to life, saving the life of the pregnant woman. During the land reform, because he was a large landlord, he was imprisoned in Changsha, and later because he saved two critically ill people, the patient's family gave the master a plaque of "Divine Needle Ferryman". After staying in Jianxin Farm for several years, he returned to Pingjiang in 1958 to practice medicine, and died of illness in 1962 at the age of 70.
The only daughter of the husband, Ling Suwen (1912-2003), Miss Qianjin, a beautiful and intelligent woman, after studying at home in private school, she graduated from the Qiming Girls' School. Husband Jun's name is Huang Guanhuan, (1911-1985) Graduated from the seventh stage of the Huangpu Military Academy, Su Wen married, and her husband respected and loved each other, although she was a girl, but she knew how to read and etiquette, followed her husband together, lived in Guangzhou, Nanjing, Chongqing, Chengdu for 17 years, gave birth to 9 children, the first two died prematurely, did not expect that after 1949, the husband and wife from this day apart, never reunited, Su Wen began to be widowed at the age of 37 until the end of his life.
The identity of Mrs. Huang changed when she left her husband, there were mother-in-law on the top, seven children waiting to be fed, and the burden of life of a family of nine people was all on Su Wen alone, and she lost the source of life. Pingjiang's hometown Huang family can not go back, it is the land reform, in Chengdu and there is no source of livelihood, the family of nine moved south to Changsha, first rented in Changsha Xiaowumen, later lived in Dongtang, and finally lived in Pinghetang.
The 37-year-old woman, a touch of tenderness, a change in the past way of life, with her own kitchen, the unique temperament of the hall, to bear the burden of the life of the family of nine. She has the courage to face reality, with tenacity, stoicism, tolerance of the mood and mentality to take care of life, eating a difficult life without a meal, she is still full of hope, more expectations for her husband, looking forward to his reunion, mostly in dreams. She has set up stalls, dragged boards, worked as a nanny, worked as a casual worker in the canteen, repaired the streets to pick soil for migrant workers, repaired railways to remove stones, the big stones were first removed with an 18-pound lang hammer, then removed with a 12-pound lang hammer, and then smashed into rubble with a three-pound hammer, using the woman's weak physical strength to be soft, the woman's tenderness looks unfazed, but it contains huge energy, and it breaks out with amazing perseverance to do what she can't. Su Wen faces life in this way. Whenever the child started a new semester, she had no choice but to sell blood again and again, 14 times.
The mother-in-law of a small-footed woman is particularly harsh on her daughter-in-law, shouting that her daughter-in-law must kneel down when she kneels, and never confronts her mother-in-law. In the face of the harsh rebuke of the mother-in-law, in the face of the noisy and naughty daughter (two men and five women) in the face of life, in the face of the feelings of women who are widowed, she always endures the pain and uneasiness in her heart, showing a meek attitude and a sweet smile. The more you smile at this difficult time, even if it is fleeting, it has a breathtaking power.
Ms. Ling Suwen in her later years took a group photo with her family
Su Wen loves beauty, that is, at the most sleepy time, there is a knock on the door at home, she always habitually takes out a comb from her pocket, combs her hair, and opens the door to meet guests through her collar, as long as she goes out no matter what she does, she must first look in the mirror and tie herself, which is the last habit left by everyone.2
In fact, the beauty of Suwen is not dressed up, her beauty, beauty is feminine, beauty is docile. The daughter-in-law in her forties shouted to kneel down, is this just meekness, and the reason for her to kneel is that she should not beat her little grandson (son preference) in fact, she is doing filial piety for her husband. Her beauty is like a spring breeze and drizzle, like a delicate warbler crying willow, stretching clouds, a bright moon, more like rippling water. No wonder it is said that the loss of tenderness is a woman's sorrow, no wonder it is said that women are tender like water. This is what I know as the Qing Shui Ling family girl.
Fortunately, Su Wen, the second half of her life is still safe and smooth, the evening scenery is still good, a big son, full of children and grandchildren, the stars hold the moon, at the age of 91.
Xin Ugly Summer Moon in Pingjiang Liuwei Zhai