Book with Song Yuansi
Wu Jun
The wind and smoke are clean, and the heavenly mountains are the same color. Floating from the stream, anything. From Fuyang to Shulu, a hundred miles, strange mountains and rivers, unique in the world. The water is all blue, thousands of feet to the bottom, swimming fish and stones, looking directly without hindrance; turbulent and arrows, fierce waves. The high mountains on the shore are all cold trees, and the negative trend is even up, and they are xuanmiao, competing for heights, and thousands of peaks. The spring water stirs stones and makes a sound; good birds sing each other, and theirses rhyme. Cicadas are endless, and apes are endless. Iris flying in the sky
Those who look at the peak of the peak and rest their hearts; those who are economical and worldly servants, peep into the valley and forget the reaction. Horizontally covered, in the day and night, sparse strips intersect, sometimes seeing the sun.
In the fifth and sixth centuries AD, during the Southern Dynasty of China, the atmosphere of the limousine prevailed in the literary world, and many people wrote poems and compositions only to pay attention to rhetoric, sound rhythm and duality, forming a formalistic tendency. However, there are also some excellent works in the Southern Dynasty's Piao style texts, and Wu Jun's "Book of And Song Yuansi" that I want to introduce to you here is an excellent sketch of writing scenes.
Wu Jun was a native of the Liang Dynasty, born in 469 AD and died in 520. His poetry was very appreciated by the great writer Shen Yue at that time, and many people imitated him, so the so-called "Wu Junti" appeared, which shows that he still had a certain position in the literary circle at that time. Wu Jun's short essay is a letter to his friend Song Yuansi (some of whom are Zhu Yuansi), and it is not easy to examine who Song Yuansi is.
This letter is very chic, and the whole text is written about the scenery, the scenery of autumn on the Fuchun River. It seems that the purpose of the author's letter is to tell his friends about the beautiful scenery he has seen. Now, let's enjoy the beauty of the Fuchun River from Wu Jun's letter.
The author's four sentences of splitting heads are exempt from the cold and polite manners of ordinary letters. "Smoke" is "smoke gas", which refers to the atmosphere of mountains and clouds; the word "club" should be "all", which means "endless". "The wind and smoke are clean" means that the sky is clear and there are no clouds. "Heavenly Mountains And Mountains" means that from a distance, both the heavens and the mountains appear the same color. The sky is azure and the mountains are verdant, not the same, but the author says that they are "common color", which is also reasonable, which captures some of the common characteristics of the sky and the mountain, for example, the sky and the mountain are very clear, clear, quiet, beautiful, and so on. "The wind and smoke are clean, the heavenly mountains are the same color" is a pair of "even sentences", eight words point out the sunny weather in the autumn, and write the wind, write the smoke, write the sky, write the mountain, first of all, from the big pen, outline the vast space realm. "From the stream of drifting, anything", this is written about water. This means that it is very interesting to swing a boat along the river, go east and west, and enjoy it! These two sentences show the author's relaxed and pleasant mood, and the lyrical meaning is very strong. The summary description of the first four sentences is the beginning of the whole text. In the following, I will gradually write about the specific scenes.
First of all, the two place names of Fuyang and Tonglu were pointed out, and the Fuchun River was pointed out. Fuyang is southwest of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, which is now Fuyang County; Tonglu is southwest of Fuyang, which is now Tonglu County. This section of the river, which runs southwest from Fuyang to Jiande, is called the Fuchun River. What is described in the Book of Song Yuansi is the scenery on the Fuchun River, which is more than a hundred miles from Fuyang to Tonglu. Wu Jun praised this section of the river scenery, saying that it is "strange mountains and rivers, unique in the world". However, if this is still a generality, what kind of "strange mountain" and what kind of "different water" is it?
That also depends on the specific description below.
The author first writes about "heterogeneous water": "Miao" is the color of pale blue, and "bi" is the color of turquoise. "The water is all blue, and the water is clear and clear", which means that the water of the Fuchun River is clear and clear, and the bottom can be seen from the surface of the water. "Swimming fish and fine stones, looking directly is not hindered" is a specific explanation of the first two sentences. The small fish swimming under the water and the tiny grains of sand can be seen clearly without hindrance. Such a description concretizes and visualizes the clarity of the river. The above four sentences, clear and quiet, are written about the smooth flow of the river, and when it encounters rapids, the situation changes. In the next two sentences, the author turns the pen sharply, and another scene appears: "The rapid turbulence is very sharp, and the waves are rushing." "Turbulence" is the rapids of water, and "turbulent arrows" means that the water flows faster than the arrows that are shot out. The word "running" is spoken here as "running horse." "The waves are rushing", that is, the rapid waves are like horses galloping. These two sentences use figurative metaphors to depict the rapids and waves of the Fuchun River, and the momentum is very majestic. Writing the stability of the river in the front and the flying of the river in the back, the two form a sharp contrast, and from it also shows the vagaries of the Fuchun River.
We have already experienced the "strange water", so what is the "strange mountain"?
The author goes on to write: "The mountains on the banks of the river are all cold trees, and the negative forces are even on the top, and they are competing for heights, and there are thousands of peaks." Both sides of the Fuchun River are high mountains, sandwiching the river in the middle, so the author first pointed out that this mountain is a "sandwich mountain". "Cold trees" means that the mountain is full of trees. Why do you say "cold tree"? The word "cold" is used to indicate the seasonal climate. In the autumn, some trees have fallen leaves, some leaves have changed color, and there is a cold and depressed scene in the mountain forest, so the autumn trees are called "cold trees". The "negative" character of "negative tendency" is used as "dependence" and "battle", that is, the peaks on both sides of the strait rely on their respective dangerous situations and compete with each other to advance to high places. "Mutual Xuanmiao", "Xuanmiao" means high and far, saying that the peaks are higher than one, and the layers are farther than the other. The two sentences of "Contending for Heights and Pointing straight to the top, thousands of peaks" are once again writing about the situation of the peaks. In addition to the two adjectives of "high" and "straight", the author also chose the two verbs of "contention" and "refers", which echoes the preceding word "competition", and connects them into one breath, depicting the high and steep peaks of the mountain peaks vividly. "Thousands of peaks" also uses the word "thousands" to collect all the surrounding peaks in the pen, forming a picture of mountains and mountains connecting and emerging in an endless stream. The above few sentences write about the mountain situation, and indeed point out a "strange" word. The peaks and peaks are static scenes, and the author uses several verbs to write about them; the peaks are originally isolated, but the author grasps the high and continuous relationship between them and writes them as a mountain. In this way, the word "qi" of "qishan" is concretely depicted.
After the author finished explaining the "strange mountains and different waters", he came into contact with a new content, which is the sound: "The spring water is rocking, and the water is ringing; the good birds are singing, and the hissing rhymes." The cicadas are endless, and the apes are endless." "Inside, the water, the birds, the cicadas, the apes, almost all the sounds of nature are included." "泠泠" and "嘤嘤" are the overlapping words of elephant sounds, conveying the real sense of sound; "a thousand sighs are not endless" and "a hundred screams are endless" also show that the sound is varied and continuous. In this way, while enjoying the landscape of the landscape, we seem to hear the natural music composed of birds, animals, grass worms, and singing springs. Although it is not a direct scene, it is an indispensable decoration and embellishment of natural scenery.
Then, the author expressed his feelings after visiting the beautiful scenery of Fuchun, saying: "The one who flies in the sky, looks at the peak and rests his heart; the economic world servant, peeping into the valley and forgetting the reaction." "Iris" is a large bird, and the word "琑" is spoken when "arrived". "Iris Flying Heavenly Beings" refers to those important and famous people at that time. The word "peak" of "wangfeng resting heart" here is not only the meaning of "mountain peak", but also a synonym for all beautiful scenery. The meaning of this sentence is that the beautiful scenery on the Fuchun River can really make those who occupy high positions in the official field give up their idea of being a palace. "The economics of the world, peeping at the valley and forgetting to rebel" and the preceding two sentences are dual, and the meaning of the content is the same. "Jinglun" is said to be "management" and "management"; the word "valley" is also synonymous with scenery; "anti" and "return" are common, and "forgetting to rebel" means not to leave. In these few sentences, the author negates the secular bureaucracy, reflecting the universal high-minded and secluded thinking of the intellectuals at that time; in addition, the author is also using natural beauty and social secularity as a contrast, yearning for the former, abandoning the latter, and further praising the beautiful landscapes.
At this point, the article could have ended, but the author wrote a few more strokes, and finally described the trees in the mountain forest: "Horizontal and covered, in the day and dusk; sparse strips intersect, sometimes see the sun." "Horizontal" is the branch that stretches out; "sparse" is the sparse branch. The author said that the trees here are dense and flourishing, sometimes dim and deep, and sometimes the sun shines from among the leaves. In fact, these few sentences can be written or not, but "letters" is a relatively free form of style, adding these few sentences, as if talking about homely words with close friends, but also trying to add some humor to the article.
The scenery on the Fuchun River is famous all over the world, and has always become the object of depiction by poets and painters. Wu Jun of the Liang Dynasty wrote this famous essay, and Huang Gongwang, a landscape painter of the Yuan Dynasty, painted a famous "Fuchun Mountain Residence Picture Scroll". Reading Wu Jun's article is the same as looking at Huang Gongwang's picture scroll, which can make us worry like traveling on the Fuchun River and appreciating the beautiful and delicate natural landscapes of the motherland. The mountains and rivers of the motherland are majestic and beautiful, and excellent writers and painters can reproduce the mountains and rivers of the motherland with the brush and ink of the gods and pictures, which is their indelible merit.
