What is the "inside and outside" of mountains and rivers?

The south of the mountain is yang, the north of the mountain is yin; the north of the water is yang, and the south of the water is yin. So, how to distinguish between the "inside and outside" of the river, that is, which side of the river is inside and which side is outside?

Here, let's start with an interesting story. In early 1952, Mao Zedong went to Henan to inspect agriculture. The first stop was Xinxiang, and he called the county and city secretaries of the Xinxiang area to the train to investigate and study. When asked about Geng Qichang, the secretary of Neihuang County, he asked: "You are neihuang, do you have outer huang?" Geng Qichang replied, "No." Mao Zedong said: "No, there should be." ”

It should be said that Mao Zedong was right. "Hanshu Geographical Chronicle": "Chen Liu has outer yellow. "Chen Liu" is the former Kaifeng County in Henan, that is, the Xiangfu District of present-day Kaifeng City." Waihuang "is today's Shangqiu Civil Rights County. At that time, it belonged to the jurisdiction of Gu chenliu and gubeijing.

When it comes to the "inside and outside" of water, it is necessary to clearly explain the "inside and outside". The so-called "inside", the ancient same as "na", meaning income; as a directional word, it refers to "inside", that is, inside, inside; "outside", "outside" also, that is, outside, outside, extended to appearance, exception, extra.

The word "inside and outside" associated with "water" is a bearing word. "Inside" refers to the north and west sides of the river; "outside" refers to the south and east sides of the river. At the time when Neihuang County and Waihuang County got their names, the Yellow River ran northwest and southeast from a short distance east of Luoyang City, flowing through Hebei to Tianjin and entering the Bohai Sea. At that time, Neihuang County was west of the Yellow River; while Waihuang County was east of the Yellow River. Neihuang was established as a county in the ninth year of Han Gaozu (198 BC) and has a history of more than 2,000 years. Neihuang is the earliest "ancient capital of the Four Dynasties", and the place where the ancestors of China, the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors", the Two Emperors of the Emperor and the Emperor Taizong of The Shang Dynasty all built the capital, Jianye and Jianling. It is the hometown of the politician Shang Martin in the Spring and Autumn Period, ran Min, the Emperor of Ran Wei in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and Shen Quan, the great poet of the Tang Dynasty, and the place where Xiang Yu, the king of Chu, seized the army to save Zhao and "broke the kettle and sank the boat". It is the place where the national hero Yue Fei lived and grew up in his childhood. Neihuang got its name because of the changes of the ancient Yellow River, leaving a yellow water depression here, named Huanggou, Huangze, huangchi; and because the Han Dynasty established the county under the Wei County, based on Weidi, self-observation, the Yellow River to the north as the inside, the Yellow River south as the outside, so the name Neihuang. The county has not changed its name for more than 2,000 years, but in the early Days of Northern Wei Yongping and the beginning of Sui Dynasty, it was abolished twice, and both were soon restored. At the same time, in the south of the Yellow River, there was Waihuang County (waihuang county) (present-day Minquan County in the east of Qixian County). At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the peasants revolted, and Liu Bang Xiangyu attacked Waihuang, which was here. Northern Wei abandoned counties, Sui restoration. Tang Zhenguan was abolished in six years. In 1929, it was separated from 5 counties, including Qixian and Ningling.

Another example is "Hanoi". Since the Warring States Wei dynasty, it has the names of "Hanoi" and "Hedong", and the Warring States Wei has placed "Hanoi County" for a short time, that is, the area of Heyang County, Dali County, and Hancheng In present-day Eastern Qin. The Book of Poetry Zhou Nan says: "Guan Guan Ju Dove, in the boat of the river." "Heyang County now has the Hanoi Academy of Calligraphy and Painting. The "Hanoi County" established by the Han Dynasty was in present-day Jiaozuo City, Henan Province. "Hanoi" in the traditional sense refers to the area north of the Yellow River in the central and eastern part of Henan. Both of these places are west of the ancient Yellow River.