Mention the names of Xiao He, Zhang Liang, Xun Yu, Zhuge Liang, etc., friends who love history are familiar with them, they are all famous courtiers and strategists, relying on their own wisdom and strategy to assist their masters in achieving their deeds and becoming famous in future generations. The people I want to talk about today are not as famous as Xiao He, Zhang Liang, and Zhuge Liang in history, but their talents and achievements are no less than theirs. When many later historians mention him, they refer to him together with Xiao He, Zhang Liang, Xun Yu, Zhuge Liang and other famous courtiers and strategists.
This person's name was Liu Muzhi, a famous minister in the last years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Liu Muzhi's talents and wisdom are complete
<h1>(1) By chance, Bole rejoiced in a thousand miles
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Speaking of Liu Muzhi, it is impossible not to mention another figure- Liu Yu, the Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty, the founding emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty who unified Jiangnan during the Southern and Northern Dynasties and was known as the "First Emperor of the Southern Dynasty".
Liu Yu was a native of Pengcheng, Jiangsu Province, who moved to Jingkou (present-day Zhenjiang) due to the decline of his ancestral family, although his family was poor since childhood, Liu Yu had an extraordinary temperament from an early age and had great ambitions. In the last year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Liu Yu, who was in turmoil and living in poverty, resolutely joined the army and joined the Northern Jin Army, because of his bravery and wisdom, he soon became a member of the army under Liu Gaozhi, the leader of the Northern Prefecture Army.
At that time, the Eastern Jin Dynasty court was located in a corner of Jiangnan, and Sima Yao, the Emperor of The Jin Dynasty, did not think of making progress, coveted pleasure, and entrusted the government to his brother Sima Daozi, resulting in chaos in the government. In 402, huan xuan, a powerful minister, launched a rebellion, and the following year deposed Sima Dezong, the emperor of Jin'an, and established himself as emperor, establishing the Huanchu regime. Liu Yu, who was known for his great ambitions, saw the opportunity and joined forces with He Wuji, Liu Yi and others to raise an army against Huan Xuan at Jingkou in the name of Kuang Fu Jin, and everyone jointly promoted Liu Yu as the leader.
Liu Yu fought bravely and bravely, led the rebel army to quickly defeat Huan Xuan, attacked the capital Jiankang, and re-established Emperor An on the throne, taking the opportunity to seize the military and political power. At this time, he urgently needed a secretary general who could help him make suggestions and handle daily administrative affairs--The master Bo, He Wujie recommended Liu Muzhi to him. As soon as Liu Yu heard this, he immediately said, "I have heard of this person." "Immediately call someone to invite Liu Muzhi."
Stills of Liu Yu
Liu Muzhi was a native of Judi (莒地, in present-day Ju County, Shandong), a descendant of Liu Fei, the King of Hanqi, who had lived in Jingkou for generations, and who had been reading a lot of books since childhood, was well-informed, and had been the lord of the Lang Evil King, and was idle at home at this time. His family was also very poor, sometimes he didn't even have enough to eat, but he liked to drink. He often went to his brother-in-law's house with a thick skin to rub wine and rice, and he also ate betel nut after each meal. The eldest brother-in-law laughed at him: "Betel nut consumption, you often go hungry, do you still need this kind of thing?" ”
"The family is poor for the birthday, drinking and eating, and does not repair the detention. It is good to beg for food at the house of his wife and brother, and he is humiliated and not ashamed. His wife, Jiang Si's daughter, was very knowledgeable and forbade every time she was forbidden to go to the Jiang clan. After the celebration, the order is not to come. Mu Zhizhi went to eat and asked for betel nut. The Jiang brothers played: "Betel nuts are consumed, jun is often hungry, why bother with this?" "The wife cut off the food of the city and gave it to her brother." (History of the South).
His wife, Jiang Shi, even cut off her own hair and sold it, and went to exchange some wine and dishes for her brother to entertain Liu Muzhi.
Regarding the coincidence of Liu Yu and Liu Muzhi's acquaintance and intersection, the historical records are very legendary-
Just the day before Liu Yu sent someone to invite Liu Muzhi, Liu Muzhi had a dream, dreaming that he and Liu Yu were sailing in the sea, suddenly encountered strong winds, saw that the ship was about to capsize, and suddenly two white dragons came out to protect the ship and landed smoothly, Liu Muzhi was very happy. So early the next morning, he went outside the gate to look around, just in time to meet the emissary sent by Liu Yu. He was a little incredulous, and he was stunned for a long time, before he came back to his senses and hurried back home, tore a piece of clothing, tied it to his waist, and followed the messenger to see Liu Yu.
Yutaka Yui Images
Liu Yu asked him: "We have just started an incident, the affairs are complicated, and we urgently need a master, who do you think is suitable?" Liu Muzhi said confidently, "There is no more suitable than me." Liu Yu was very happy after hearing this, and immediately appointed Liu Muzhi as the head of the shogunate.
Liu Yu and Liu Muzhi began a close and historically resuring cooperation.
<h1>(2) Excellent ability, painstaking efforts to help Liu Yu
Although it is the first time to meet and cooperate, Liu Yu trusts Liu Muzhi very much, and Liu Muzhi is not only superior in ability, but also loyal, and the two are one inside and one outside, complementing each other perfectly.
At that time, the Jin Dynasty was lax, the warriors and magnates were rampant, the government decrees and decrees were cumbersome and chaotic, the people were at a loss, and chaos was rampant, Liu Muzhi, according to the actual situation, distinguished the priorities and priorities, sorted out and corrected them one by one, and suggested that Liu Yu take the lead in obeying, and in just ten days, the political style and folk customs were greatly improved, which greatly enhanced Liu Yu's prestige.
Liu Yu trusted Liu Muzhi even more, and all major matters were consulted by Liu Muzhi, and small things were directly handled by Liu Muzhi, and Liu Muzhi was also doing his best, without any omission or concealment, and all of them were handled properly. Liu Yu's northern expedition to Southern Yan and quelling the Rebellion of Lu Xun, Liu Muzhi's capital followed the army, and in time came up with advice and advice to help decide important matters, which Liu Yu adopted every time. Shi Zai: "Mu Nei is the general government of the dynasty, the external supply of military brigades, the determination is like a stream, and there is no delay in the matter." "(Book of Song) Internal management of government affairs, external management of military affairs, problem solving in an orderly manner, nothing is delayed.
At that time, Liu Yu was in power, there were many affairs, and the government was often overcrowded, liu Muzhi was able to look at the documents with his eyes, write replies by hand, listen to the report with his ears, reply on the spot with his mouth, use both eyes, hands, ears and mouths at the same time, not confused with each other, socialize freely, handle them properly, "see the words and lawsuits, hand answer letters, listen to the ears, mouth and reward, do not refer to each other, all know the support." "[The Book of Song]" is almost like divine help.
Map of the Eastern Jin Dynasty
Liu Yu was later able to establish Liu Song, mainly thanks to a suggestion from Liu Muzhi. The Eastern Jin Dynasty had Jiankang as its capital, and Yangzhou, as the land of Gyeonggi, was the center of the imperial court. After Liu Yu drove Huan Xuan away, the courtiers elected Liu Yu to be the assassin of Yangzhou, and at that time, Liu Yu's foundation was unstable, so he recommended Wang Mi to rule Yangzhou.
After Wang Mi's death, Liu Yi and others were worried that liu Yu, who was becoming increasingly powerful, was in charge of Yangzhou and would not be good for him, so he proposed two plans with his close confidants to the imperial court: first, to let xie chao, the leader of the central army, serve as the assassin of Yangzhou, and second, let Liu Yu concurrently serve as the assassin of Yangzhou in Jingkou, entrust the internal affairs of the dynasty to Shangshu's servant Meng Chang, and send Shangshu's right minister Pi Shen to consult Liu Yu on these two arrangements.
Pi Shen went to see Liu Muzhi first and explained the situation. After Liu Muzhi heard this, he pretended to go to the toilet and secretly told Liu Yu that he must not agree to these two arrangements. Liu Yu did not understand the reason, liu Muzhi said: "Now that the government is unstable, the mandate of heaven has shifted, Yangzhou is the fundamental place, and if you control Yangzhou, you will control the government, Liu Yi and others have ambitions, and there will be a struggle in the future, and we must think of taking this position and grasping the initiative." ”
At the suggestion of Liu Muzhi, Liu Yu personally entered the DPRK for discussion on the grounds that the stakes were important, and finally successfully took over the posts of Yangzhou Assassin and Lu Shangshushi, and grasped the central power.
Emperor Xiaowu of Jin indulged in pleasure
<h1>(3) A generation of clan ministers, three unparalleled after death
Liu Yu regarded Liu Muzhi as a confidant, and Liu Muzhi was even more loyal to Liu Yu without reservation. Whether at work or in life, liu Muzhi heard and saw everything in detail, and told Liu Yu, even some street talk and neighborhood jokes. Liu Muzhi also likes to make friends, the family is often full of guests, he deliberately installed eyes and ears to observe and inquire about various news, and told Liu Yu in time, so all kinds of information inside and outside the imperial court, Liu Yu did not know. Some people ridiculed him, and he not only did not mind, but also defended Liu Yu: "With the wisdom of the public, I will hear from myself in the future." I have received grace from justice, and I have no hidden righteousness. ("History of the South")--With Liu Gong's insight, I will know that I have received the favor of Liu Gong and naturally should not hide it.
The close relationship between Liu Muzhi and Liu Yu made Liu Yi and others very jealous, and they often said in front of Liu Yu that Liu Muzhi's power was too great, but Liu Yu was not at all moved, and the more he trusted Liu Muzhi, the more he tried his best. He often said, "Although I can't just recommend good ones like Xun Yu, I don't nominate bad ones." ”
Liu Muzhi was indifferent to Liu Yu and did not even hide his shortcomings. Liu Muyi always likes wine and food, after the status of the status is improved, every time to eat together with more than ten people, he once said to Liu Yu: "I was born poor, I did not have enough to eat before, since I followed you, the conditions have improved, and I spend a little too much on eating and drinking, in addition to this aspect, I am no longer sorry for you." ”
Liu Yu waved his division into the Northern Expedition
In 416, Liu Muzhi died of illness. At this time, Liu Yu, who had unified the south, was leading an army in the Northern Expedition, and captured Later Qin, recapturing Luoyang and Chang'an, and the situation was very good, and he was preparing to take advantage of the victory to advance and attack Zhao and Wei after a little rest. Upon hearing the news of Liu Muzhi's illness and death, he immediately ordered the northern expedition to stop, leaving his twelve-year-old son Liu Yizhen to guard Chang'an, and he led his troops to hurriedly return.
"Gao Zu was in Chang'an, and he was shocked and mourned for several days. Ben wanted to drive in guanzhong, through Zhao and Wei. Mu Zhi was a pawn, Jingyi Renxu, Nai Chi returned to Pengcheng, and remained in charge of Sima XuXianzhi, while the imperial court often decided Mu Zhi's major affairs, and was consulted by the North. (Book of Song)--Although Xu Xianzhi was appointed to act as the deputy of the imperial government after returning, the major affairs of the imperial government that could normally be directly handled and decided by Liu Muzhi needed to be decided by asking Liu Yu for instructions, which showed Liu Muzhi's position in Liu Yu's heart.
Before Liu Yu withdrew, the local people were very disappointed and puzzled, and some even said that he was trying to usurp power: "Those who return in a hurry want to become usurpers quickly, and have no time to deliberately in the Central Plains." Shortly after Liu Yu's return, civil unrest broke out among the Jin forces that remained in Chang'an, and chang'an, which had just been captured, was taken by Helian Bobo, the lord of the Hu xia state. Many historians and scholars in later generations have also disputed this, believing that if it were not for Liu Muzhi's illness and death, Liu Yu's victory over the Northern Expedition might have unified the Central Plains and rewritten the history of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Although history does not have ifs, this also reflects the importance of Liu Muzhi to Liu Yu from another side.
Statue of Emperor Liu Yu of the Song Dynasty
Liu Muzhi's wisdom and strategy were outstanding, and while doing his best to assist Liu Yu, he also revitalized the flooded Eastern Jin royal family. During the years he was in charge of the government, there was a rare situation of stability and rejuvenation inside and outside the imperial court. Liu Muzhi's sudden illness and death, the Eastern Jin dynasty court was greatly frightened and panicked, liu Yu was even more grief-stricken, and sighed many times: "Mu's death, people are easy for me." (Book of Song) - When Mu Zhi died, people would look down on me. From then on, Liu Yu never had a northern expedition.
In view of Liu Muzhi's meritorious service in running the government before his death, the imperial court posthumously awarded him the title of Kaifu Yi Tongsan Division.
Not long after, under the strong recommendation of Liu Yu, the imperial court re-gifted Liu Muzhi's attendants and Situ, and made him the Marquis of Nanchang County.
In 420, Liu Yu accepted Emperor Gong's throne and established the Song Dynasty, known historically as Liu Song, and in recognition of Liu Muzhi's deeds during his lifetime, he posthumously honored him as the Duke of Nankang Commandery (南康郡公) and the posthumous title of Duke Wenxuan(文宣公). A civilian courtier, after his death, was posthumously awarded the title of emperor of two dynasties three times, which is unique in history.
Liu Muzhi, as a strategist of the Wen Dynasty, worked hard to assist Liu Yu with outstanding talents, and although he died early, he was undoubtedly a minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the greatest hero of the Liu Song Dynasty, and successive historians gave him a very high evaluation.
The Tang Dynasty historian Zhu Jing commented: "Ru Xiao He Zhi Calm Guanzhong, Kou Gong Zhi An Ji Hanoi, Ge Xian Shu, Zhang Zhaofu Wu · · · Liu Mu's crowd must be lifted... He is a loyal martyr. The famous Tang Dynasty minister Xue Ji put it together with Zhang Liang and Guo Jia as follows: "Zhang Liang's Wing Han King, Guo Jia's Consort Wei Lord, Song Wu's DemuZhi ... Decide to win, seek the master Condor. Shen Yue, the author of the History of Song, called him "a generation of courtiers."
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(Reference historical materials: Book of Song, History of the South)