<h1 style="text-align: center;"> Li Yin: Flower soul as a backdrop, left for late spring bloom</h1>
In the late Ming Dynasty, Jiangnan industry and commerce developed, the literary style flourished, with the rise of urbanization and printing industry, dance hall song stage, silk bamboo light, female characters also poured into the literary field beyond the ordinary, whether it is boudoir talent or Qinglou famous tricks, with its unique personality color, occupies a place in literary history.
Li Yin is one of these many female talents, she poetry and painting are excellent, Yu poetry, not to lose any of the beauty, Yu Shu, can be comparable to Liu Ru, Yu Painting, as far as my feelings, must be far beyond the "Qin Huai Eight Yan" second to none Ma Xianglan, she was a famous talent at that time.
Even the great scholar Huang Zongxi at that time also made a famous work of "Li Yin's Biography", which has a sentence, "When it is, There are willows in Yushan, and There is Wang Xiuwei in the clouds, all of whom are known in the world for singing with the wind, and they are the ding-foot of The clouds, can be with Hedong Jun and the grass-clothed Daoist three-legged and ding, this evaluation is high enough, how many women can enter the eyes of Mr. Lizhou, how many people are there?"
Huang Zongxi, as a scholar with national integrity, is highly praised for women who also have this virtue, these three are not only beautiful crowns, but also married to celebrities with integrity, with different talents, singing with style and elegance, and Liu Wang is not attached to the new dynasty, and Li Yin is also the same later, such a woman in Mr. Huang's view, are all strange women with talent and morality.
However, in terms of reputation, Li Yin's current reputation is far lower than that of Liu Wang, especially Liu Ruyi, because of the 800,000-word "Liu Ru is a Biography" by Mr. Chen Yinke, a master of traditional Chinese studies, which lasted for ten years, let Miss Liu sweep any talented woman in history.
And wang wei's later generations also have many people listed it as the object of study, and there are many essays, only this Li Yin seems to have been forgotten, because I have not seen a monograph about her, perhaps because I am lonely and shallow.
However, compared with the literary world, Li Yin's reputation in the world of painting and calligraphy is obviously much higher, although I do not know how much her paintings are worth at today's auctions, but from the evaluation of experts, it is also very high, and her works are not less than the orchids of Ma Xianglan, which are almost orphaned.
Li Yin, also spelled An, was a Qiantang native of present-day Hangzhou, a famous concubine in Jiangnan, and later a concubine of Guanglu Qing Ge Zhengqi, a female poet and calligrapher of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, at the age of 75.
In her artistic talent, Li Yin is very conceited, she compares herself to Wang Wei of the Tang Dynasty, that is, Su Dongpo praised her as "a painting in poetry, a poem in a painting", and later generations also said that she was "a poet with a clear pen and a legacy of the Middle Tang Dynasty".
I don't know much about painting, but Yu poetry still has some experience, Ma Jie is a Poet of the Sheng Tang Dynasty, and the poetry of the Sheng Tang is much higher than that of the Middle Tang, it seems that Li Yin is at least slightly different in evaluation than Wang Wei.
Li Yin was a famous trickster at the end of the Ming Dynasty, born in poverty, but the beautiful scenery and rich cultural atmosphere on the shores of Xizi Lake also smoked an ordinary peasant girl with some aura, she was clever and clever since childhood, although her family was poor and did not have the opportunity to get a good education, but she was extremely talented, and she liked to read and paint.
According to the preface written by Fu Jun for her "Bamboo Laughing Xuan Yincao": "It is an an, a family of Xizi Lake, a vigilant nature, a reading book, a shameful lead powder, and a rhyme with self-adaptation; the Gu family is poor and depressed, the moss is paper, the persimmon is a book, and the curtain is a lamp, and the world has no one to know." ”
Whether she officially went to school or not is unknown, and judging from the above passage, it seems that she has no connection with the desk, but Huang Zongxi said that she was "born and beautiful, and her parents made her learn poetry and painting, making it wonderful." Years and years, has been well-known in the time. ”
For these two slightly contradictory statements, I still believe in the former statement, that is, Li Yin's childhood learning completely relied on self-study and talent, and I think that in that era of "women without talent is morality", only women of the family clan can extend the opening of the museum at home, and it is impossible for ordinary families to do it, let alone a poor family like her.
According to Huang Lizhou, unless her parents have the knowledge to teach it personally, such a situation is not impossible, because after all, her family is down, that is to say, it was still very good before, but it is not very good now.
The family situation is deteriorating, I don't know whether it is because of poverty and inability to provide for or encounter natural disasters and man-made disasters, Li was helplessly exiled to the north, Qinglou occupied the nationality, during which there were many poetry exchanges with Li Yusheng, Liu Ruyi and others, and her collection also remained, so it can be seen that her literary talent should be good, from the friendship with these women, it must be of great benefit to her future artistic achievements.
Famous tricks and celebrities, this is a very fashionable and eye-catching fashion in the late Ming Dynasty, Qian Qianyi and Liu Ruyi are not to say, Mao Peijiang and Dong Xiaowan, Gong Dingzi and Gu Hengbo, Shen Defu and Xue Susu, etc., are all immortals that everyone admires.
At this time, the happy song house, the playful prostitutes have long been regarded as low-grade, and instead of it, they are looking for a lovely child who is both bright-toothed, bright-eyed, gorgeous and brilliant, and understanding, to dispatch the boundless resentment and helplessness in the hearts of the scholars at the end of the Ming Dynasty.
The person who looked up to Li Yin was Ge Zhengqi of Haining, who was also a famous scholar at that time, Chongzhen Yuannian Jinshi, the official to the Guanglu Temple Shaoqing, poet and painter, and now his works still appear from time to time; he was because he heard that Li Yin's beauty was not inferior to Xi Shi, and his talent was no less than xie's daughter, and he saw a sentence in Li Yin's Yongmei poem" that "a branch is left for the late spring to bloom", and he suddenly admired it, and sighed: "I should test his poetry for the canal", so he redeemed himself and was welcomed as a side room, when Li Yin was 17 years old.
The night of the cave flower candles, the red silk tent warm room, this is the most rare and beautiful time in Li's life, the two of them all day long to adjust Zhu Yanmo, painting things for entertainment, chanting for sending, lotus pond swinging boat, bamboo forest flute, willow gambling wine; is a pair of qinser and ming, the couple of gods and immortals with deep love.
For the scene at this time, Ge Zhengqi has a proud description, "When the morning of the flower, the night of the moon, or the blue color is good, or the rain is dripping, then it is divided into caste angle rhymes, A and B lead yellow, the meaning is the same, then the case is amazing, and the rate is entertainment." And Lee Inn also wrote a poem to remember:
The spring wind takes the second time into the end of the world, and the branches of Sheiler are not flowered;
Wine-colored casts look for swallows, galleries lean on canes to see bees;
Idle dance for the pity of the wild crane, and cook tea by himself in new poems;
Mo Daoluo dusted the guests, and sat behind closed doors.
Ge Zhengqi also admired Li Yin's poetic talent, and later, he not only personally compiled Fu Zi for his concubine, making her one of the few women who published poetry collections before her death, but also wrote a preface for her: "Qing Yang Wan, like the morning dew and the first tong, and like the clouds and rain, it becomes a yipin of its own, that is, the old Su Chengong cannot be subordinate." "Pride is unobstructed, you know, husband for the concubine to make a preface, not to say unprecedented, is also a rare thing in the world, in that era of male superiority and female inferiority, it is to be laughed at."
Ge Zhengqi was rich in learning, exquisite in calligraphy, especially good at painting, and Li Yin seemed to be talented in painting, and under the guidance of her husband, her painting skills were advancing by leaps and bounds, so Ge Zhengqi introduced the famous teacher Chen Chun for her, focusing on flowers and birds.
Under the careful teaching of the famous teacher, Li Yin's flowers and birds are both gods and gods, and people at the time praised his paintings as "ink, flowers and birds, and faint and desperate." Her paintings are simple and elegant, canggu and quiet, without any boudoir atmosphere, and her temporary achievements are above her husband, and even Ge Zhengqi has to say self-deprecatingly, "I am not as good as Ji in flowers and birds, and I am not as good as Shanshui Ji." ”
However, Ge Zhengqi was finally a Daming official, it was impossible to stay in a corner for a long time, and he had to move with the order and travel in all directions, so Li Yin followed his husband Jun north and south, everywhere he went, and the old window in front of the moon, poetic and picturesque, in an instant, became a thousand mountains and rivers, and the road was long, but Li Yin always took care of his husband jun as his duty and took good care of him.
The geese on the Moon Ming River are sad, and the green mountains on both sides of the strait are half autumn in the night;
In an instant, the end of the world is far away, how to teach concubines to return to the boat alone.
Of course, it was also occasionally hindered by the laws of the time, when he was not allowed to go with his husband, Li Yin at this time was as reluctant as life and death, and wrote the above poems of separation and tears; however, most of the time, they were all accompanied by shadows, and they were dependent on each other in the eunuch journey.
Together, they "traced the Taihu Lake, waded through the Yellow River, panqi water, crossed Jinjiao, and da Youyan", and In his spare time, Li Yin read and wrote poetry, and remembered what he saw during his journey, so there were chronicle poems everywhere he went, "The back of the donkey, the amazing words, and the pockets were full", which lasted for 15 years.
For the sake of poetry, and for the sake of painting, she "whenever she encounters a lonely forest, the clouds sway, that is, she shakes her arms, grinds ink to raise promises, and splits several flowers." This experience also laid a solid foundation for her future achievements in the painting world.
In the eunuch tour, she wrote down many scenery and events along the way, the hunger and mourning of the displaced people, the sudden danger of the soldiers are presented in the poem, but there are also occasional poems describing the beauty of nature, which reads with a fresh and abnormal feeling.
Trail roses timid evening scents, a new green pond;
The blossoming flower spectrum fades for a long day, and the ink fragrance is poured from the Polyester Duan Creek.
At the time of turmoil, there was a lot of danger, a sudden encounter with chaotic soldiers on the way, in a critical time, Li did not protect the soft belongings he carried, but he tightly guarded the poem manuscript on his chest and fled, so that later Ge Zhengqi later lamented her as a "poetry idiot".
Li Yin confronted Ge Zhengqi, who gave her a second life, which was a kind of love that went deep into the bone marrow, and once again encountered a thief, Li was so protective of her husband Jun that he was "struck by the thief's spine, and the clump was wounded in the chest, and through his palm, the blood flowed to Zhu Yin, and he did not feel pain." How fierce is his "soldier dies for his confidant"!
The mountains and rivers are broken, the building will fall, Li Zicheng will be crisscrossed, the war in Liaodong is tight, the people in the country are not happy, in the face of this bloody rain and wind, the decline of the country will not be the country, the two will return to the hidden Jiangnan, hidden in the West Lake, and the Qing people into the customs, as the old minister of the Ming Dynasty, Ge Zhengqi is sad and sad, and soon died in the west, and the Haining County Chronicle is recorded as "Jia Shen heard about the change, and hated the pawn." ”
Ge Zhengqi was not a big person, there was no word record in the history of Zhengshi, and there were few traces of wild history, but in a book in Jiangyin called "Records of Fire", his name was recorded, "On the thirteenth day of May in The Summer of Yi you, Ge Zhengqi, the secretary of the Guanglu Temple, and Liu Guangbi, a member of the household department, died of martyrdom. ”
In the year of Yi Unitary, that is, in the second year of Shunzhi, the Qing army had just entered the customs, and it had not yet been sent to Jiangnan, and the martyrdom at this time should not be a death in battle, let alone a death of illness, and it seemed to be a little reluctant to die in anger, I personally think that I committed suicide.
It is also recorded in the qingren's notes, "Ge Zhengqi, the secretary of the Guangyi Temple, and Huang Duanbo... Waiting for themselves to commit suicide", but we don't know what kind of way he chose, but to die and martyr the country, this cannot but admire his loyalty to the Ming Dynasty and his national integrity of not eating Zhou Su.
Ask yourself why you don't die, and the years are spring again;
Snow disappears plum blossoms, wind into the wicker new;
White when wounded, eyebrows due to world-weariness;
Eyes dry and tearful, not alone and poor.
Ge Zhengqi went away with a martyrdom, and the feelings of the husband's homeland must have had a great influence on Li Yin, as a surviving person, after that, Li Yin did not forget the hatred of the country and the family, she disfigured and kept the festival, committed to the Baizhou, calmly indifferent, weaving and painting, embracing the hatred of leaving, living alone in the old garden, although the trouble could not hold the fire, but did not waste chanting, singing freely.
The country was destroyed by family troubles and displaced from distant states;
Poor to the sick, lazy and lonely;
Therefore, the geese still have questions, and the villagers do not stay;
Where the boat is moored, the reed bank is surrounded by sand gulls.
I don't know how Li Yin, as a concubine, later had a relationship with her husband's family, according to the general law, after the husband's death, the concubines will be discriminated against in all aspects, and it is not easy to get a full bite of food, from her experience, she should have broken with her family, otherwise she would not have reached the dilemma of "four walls and no fire", nor would she fall into the "yellow cabbage rice cloth clothes, only frozen by the wind and cold", selling paintings for a living.
Her paintings were one of the best at that time, of which flowers and birds were the most, and also occasionally landscapes, and the "Records of Calligraphers and Painters of the National Dynasty" once recorded her paintings of flowers and birds, praised as: "Ink flowers and birds are ancient and quiet, quite green vines, white sun will." The paintings were extremely powerful, not light and weak, and at that time, the reputation was very high, and the real boudoir was also the leader. "Its level should surpass that of its contemporaries Huang Yuanjie of West Lake."
Because of her superb painting skills, the cost of running the pen can barely survive, and the book says, "The painters who seek to be the nunnery are more numerous, so they are indispensable to the relics of Haichang Tuyi"; Chen Weisong, the leader of the YangXian School, also called her paintings in his "Women's Collection"; "as ink, flowers and birds, and dull and desperate." ”
But she has a characteristic of the painting, although she has gone through the Shunzhi and Kangxi dynasties, she has always regarded herself as a Ming person, and never signed the Qing Dynasty era name in the painting, I don't know if these people bought it, whether it will bring the disaster of killing themselves.
Day after day, year after year, aging strikes, illness is rife, and Li Yin in poverty lives very indifferently, at this time she has a special love for plum blossoms, and has written many plum blossom poems, "In one compilation, there are three repeated greetings, uniquely taken from plum blossoms", she borrows things Yongzhi, laughs at the wind and snow, laughs at life.
Li Yin is famous for her paintings and poems, relatively speaking, she fills in very few words, but there is a poem "Nanxiangzi Yongmei" written with great feeling, it may be that life is bumpy and sad, her plum blossoms never see the coming spring meaning, "this melancholy is the plum blossom road, when the intestines are broken at dusk and wind and rain", some of the poems are only lonely against the background of plum shadows.
Spring news early Mei Zhi, open to the west of the thatched bamboo path, once accompanied by lonely mountain forest virgins, secluded, do not allow branches to peep at the pink butterflies.
The thin shadow illuminates the pool, the rich breeze is fragrant, the flute Hugh blows the flowers to fall, follows, and the moon idles and chants the question.
She flaunted herself with the lonely mountain forest and Jing in the past, she was high and self-pure, and she looked forward to Mei's affection but the scenery was poignant, and in the early years, she was able to connect with Ge Zhengqi on the flower willow reclining chapter platform because of a sentence of "a branch left for late spring", and now, she is like Mei Proud of the Frost Heaven, blooming brilliantly in the dimness of the encounter, and scattering incense independently with the character of self-preservation.
In the long days of "supporting the staff to see the flowers but white hair", she was alone, sour hearted, alone for forty years, ice and snow chastity, quality condensation, "white hair fluffy and strong self-support, picking up the lamp to sit alone and chanting poems", supporting her to live, in addition to the thoughts of her husband, there are paintings, as well as poetry, and the poetry at this time, it seems to be depressed and strong, and the love is deep, and the commentators say "those who are difficult to do with a fierce husband." ”
Zeng Yong plum blossoms for late spring, Quantai should remember the undead;
In the life of fear, I am willing to turn the flower soul into a back.
In front of the window, the wind and rain fell, outside the dark room, Basho caused sorrow; she chewed ice vegetables, sat on the cold, the four walls were cold, and listened to the rain until dawn one night; a female stream, hating the world's young Jingke dead, xiyuanqiao without yellow public books, sad husband Jun with death, lamenting her own inability to repay the country.
These thousands of emotions are all in harmony with tears, and they are sprinkled into plum blossoms in the notes, and at dusk, the wind and rain of the broken intestines, which are thin and cool, blow into the poem.
Keeping the standard and enduring the cold, Mei waiting for the late spring for junkai, a generation of talented women, just in this bun high like frost stained days, even if a strong and proud, still inevitably "empty to make the years grind", slowly towards aging.
Recall the past, plum blossoms bloom and fall, when a hundred flowers compete for glory; although they are trapped in the fireworks, they are jade and ice-clean, even if the vicissitudes are exhausted, the music is a good relationship in the world, and finally it is a song "Plum Blossom Falling", the footsteps of The Master Jun, to the depths of the historical curtain...