Brothers and sisters compete for family property, and no one can prevent it.
Even if his father was Liu Xiu, who was wise and divine, even if he was the wise and harsh Emperor Hanming.
On the first day of Emperor Hanming's succession, the brothers began to tidy up.
It was his brother who caused trouble: Liu Jing, the King of Guangling, who was a compatriot of the same mother.
Liu Jing fooled the deposed crown prince Liu Qiáng (whose mother was the deposed empress dowager Guo Shengtong): Are you stupid? Our father is gone, and the little hooligans in Luoyang want to take advantage of the chaos to rob. As the boss of our family, you know to cry! Don't rush to seize power?
Fortunately, Liu Yi was an honest man, and he chose to call the police for the first time (to insist on his envoy, seal the book).
Emperor Hanming was so angry that he vomited blood: We were born to a mother, and you actually want to me with outsiders?
But after all, it was a mother's birth, and he had just come to power, and Emperor Hanming did not want to be an evil person, so he did not make a sound and secretly put Liu Jing under house arrest. Moreover, doubling down on his brothers, he hopes to impress them with affection and fraternity (see "Emperor Hanming: Why New Leaders Are Difficult to Serve").
Useless.
Let's start with Liu Jing. Not only did he not appreciate the affection and did not restrain himself, but on the contrary, he intensified his efforts, plotted rebellion many times, and even openly said to his subordinates:
I looked most like my dad. My father became emperor when he was thirty years old, and now that he is thirty, it is time to rebel (I look like a former emperor.) The first emperor won the world thirty times, and I am now thirty, but I have not raised an army)?
Emperor Hanming was so angry that he deprived Liu Jing of all political treatment and placed him under residential surveillance. Then, Liu Jing committed suicide.
It was born to a mother. Other mothers are even less worried.
Liu Xiu had 11 sons.
The deposed empress Guo Shengtong gave birth to 5:
Boss Liu Yi (Wasted Prince)
Second Elder Liu Fu (Pei Wang)
Old Five Liu Kang (King of Jinan)
Old Seven Liu Yan (King of Fuling)
Old Ten Liu Yan (King of Zhongshan)
Empress Yin Lihua gave birth to 5:
Lao Si Liu Zhuang (Emperor Ming of Han)
Old Sixth Liu Cang (King of Dongping)
Old Eight Liu Jing (King of Guangling)
Lao Jiu Liu Heng (Linhuai Gong, died prematurely)
Old Eleven Liu Jing (King of Langya)
Xu Mei gave birth to one:
Old Third Liu Ying (King of Chu)
After Emperor Hanming succeeded to the throne, 4 of the 9 brothers rebelled:
Old Three Liu Ying
Old Five Liu Kang
Old Seven Liu Yan
Old Eight Liu Jing
To blame, first blame Liu Xiu.
First of all, the family business he left behind was too big. The throne of the emperor, the country of the Great Han, who is not hungry?
Second, he disciplined his sons too loosely.
When she first started her business, Liu Xiu was busy playing in Jiangshan, busy at work, stressful, and had no time to discipline her children. The entrepreneurship was successful, Liu Xiu was busy sitting in the jiangshan again, busy with work, stressful, and had no time to discipline the children.
As a result of free-range breeding, the children were not disciplined, and one by one they raised doormen and made friends with ministers in Luoyang, and set up gangs.
Even Liu Fu, the second eldest who was the most peaceful and self-guarding, interfered in the administration of justice, took people's lives, and avenged personal revenge on behalf of his good friend Liu Li, the Marquis of Shouguang.
Liu Xiu was very angry and put Liu Fu in prison for three days as a punishment.
It's a little late now.
Once, Liu Xiu asked the minister Zhao Xi: How can the country maintain long-term peace and stability?
Zhao Xi said five words: Send the kings to the kingdom.
Don't let these grandfathers stay in Luoyang, sooner or later something will happen. Hurry up and let them return to the feudal country.
Liu Xiu: Okay.
The year was 52 AD, four years before Liu Xiu's death. It can also be regarded as a dead sheep to make up for it, but it has not been repaired. The two most favored princes (Old Ten Liu Yan and Old Eleven Liu Jing) continued to stay in Luoyang.
Third, Liu Xiu's support for Emperor Ming of Han was insufficient.
Although Liu Xiu left a large number of outstanding cadres and loyal subjects for Emperor Ming of Han. But loyal subjects were first and foremost loyal to the state and to the Liu imperial power, but not necessarily to the new emperor. For example, Zhou Bo and Huo Guang.
The new emperor's most trusted people were generally foreign relatives. But the old Liu family's ancestral heart disease is a foreign relative. When Liu Xiu deposed Empress Guo Shengtong and Crown Prince Liu Yi, he was jealous of Guo Shengtong's mother-in-law, the Hebei Gang, which was too powerful. After Yin Lihua became empress, the Yin family and the Nanyang gang were also restricted by various restrictions. For details, see "Yin Lihua: Giving Liu Xiu as the original match is a technical job".
The consequence of this is that the foreign relatives are in peace and keep to themselves, and the princes are more active.
To blame, but also to blame The Han Ming Emperor.
Emperor Hanming also indulged his brothers. Liu Xiu's indulgence of the crown prince was out of love. Emperor Hanming's indulgence of his brothers was motivated by unconfidence.
Liu Xiu's wise divine martial arts were an eternal shadow for Emperor Hanming. He was always worried that others would feel inferior to Liu Xiu.
Externally (ministers), he was super harsh: who dares to despise me?
Internally (the princes), he blindly indulged: who can pick out the fault?
For example, the fifth Liu Kang rebelled, and Emperor Ming of Han only reduced his fiefdoms in 5 counties. For example, the eighth liu jing rebelled many times, and emperor Ming of Han only stripped him of his political treatment.
The ministers could not bear to look at it and suggested that Emperor Hanming kill Liu Jing. Emperor Hanming was furious: You thought he was my brother and wanted to kill him; if it was my son (rebellion), would you dare to say so?
That's a bit too much. You are the leader first, not the parent. Moreover, even if it is a parent, the result of not paying attention to principles will only be worse.
For example, the third liu ying. In fact, Emperor Hanming was very kind to Liu Ying. Liu Ying was the lowest born of the 9 princes (her mother was Xu Meiren) and the weakest. However, because he played with Emperor Hanming from childhood, Emperor Hanming gave him various rewards after succeeding to the throne, and also promoted his cousin to the Marquis of Longshu. The ancestral motto of the old Liu family is that "without military merit, foreign surnames cannot be knighted."
Will Liu Ying be grateful to Dade? Not really.
In Liu Ying's view, you are good to me, you should be; you are not good to me, it is unfair.
Moreover, the cost performance of the rebellion is too high: if you win, the world is mine; if you lose, you will cut your salary, and the worst result will be "early retirement.".
Therefore, Liu Ying also rebelled, and went further than those princes:
Make xiangrui, make diagrams;
Collusion with officials and celebrities;
Form a rebel team.
Emperor Hanming was completely angry: I am so good to you, you are so ignorant of good villains?
The Eastern Han Dynasty officially broke out in the case of Liu Ying, the king of Chu, who was most widely implicated, the largest number of people involved, the most severely punished, and the most influential.
The first unlucky one was Situ (丞相) Yu Yan.
Previously, someone had reported Liu Ying's rebellion to Yu Yan. Emperor Hanming's blind connivance of the kings made Yu Yan make a misjudgment: People are brothers, and the emperor doesn't care, why should I do more than this?
Yu Yan suppressed this matter.
This, of course, is looking for death. When will it be your turn to make decisions for the leadership, especially in such a major case of rebellion.
Therefore, after the outbreak of Liu Ying's case, Yu Yan was the first to be reported. Emperor Hamming was furious: What do you mean? Want to be in charge of my own affairs? Are you colluding with Liu Ying?
Yu Yan was so frightened that he committed suicide directly.
The second unlucky one was Liu Ying: he was deposed as a prince, demoted to Jing County, Anhui Province, and committed suicide.
Then, the years-long crackdown began.
As long as they are related to Liu Ying's case, as long as they have anything to do with Liu Ying's case, they will be strictly investigated and severely punished.
Tens of thousands of people were arrested and imprisoned, and thousands were exiled and executed.
For example, Liu Ying has an address book that records the basic information of many dignitaries and celebrities.
Emperor Hanming issued a strict order: All those who have been put on the address book will be arrested; all those involved in Liu Ying's case will be arrested.
This "all" refers to the person and his subordinates or relatives. It doesn't matter how senior you are, how much credit you have, how old you are.
For example, Wu County (present-day Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai regions) is too shou YinXing, whose name is on the address book. Yin Xing and more than 500 of his subordinates were all arrested and escorted to Luoyang for trial.
For example, Hou Gengjian of Tunnel Township, Marquis Zang Xin of Langling, Marquis Deng Li of Huze, and Marquis Liu Jian of Qucheng. These masters are not mortals.
Geng Jian, nephew of Geng Chun, one of the twenty-eight generals of Yuntai;
Zang Xin, son of Zang Gong, one of the twenty-eight generals of Yuntai.
So what? Because Liu Ying's accomplices Wang Ping and Yan Zhong confessed, they said that they had contacted and communicated with them and were directly arrested.
Geng Jian and others: Wronged, we have never known, nor have we ever seen Any Wang Ping or Yan Zhong.
Investigator: Don't talk about the useless. Confession is lenient, resistance is strict.
After two years of severe fighting, the whole country was panicked, and the officials did not talk about their livelihood and the people did not talk about their livelihood.
For example, most of the more than 500 officials in Wu County were tortured to death. There is still one breath left, except for a few who prefer to die unyieldingly, the rest are naturally all kinds of climbing bites.
At this time, three people stood up.
The first is Han Lang , a shi yushi (a cadre at the level of the discipline inspection commission).
Han Lang felt that Geng Jian and the others had been wronged, so he interrogated Wang Ping and Yan Zhong separately: Since you and Geng Jian and others have conspired face to face, let's describe their facial features.
Wang Ping, Yan Zhong: ...
Han Lang was convinced that Geng Jian and the others were innocent, so he risked his life to report and make suggestions to Emperor Hanming.
The next dialogue is worth reading carefully for all comrades who want to oppose the leaders (including those as wise as Emperor Hanming) and tell the truth.
Han Lang: Geng Jian and others have been wronged. Moreover, I suspect that many of the people involved have been wronged.
Emperor Hanming: Then why did Wang Ping and Yan Zhong confess to them?
Han Lang: Wang Ping and Yan Zhong, knowing that their sins are extremely evil, want to reduce their sins by biting others.
Emperor Hanming: Even so, why didn't you report it earlier?
Han Lang: ... At first, I was also worried that Geng Jian and others were indeed guilty.
Emperor Hanming: Come on, pull this speculative drill camp thing down and kill it!
Han Lang: I am willing to die, but I still have a few words to say.
Emperor Hanming: Okay. Honestly, who else is your accomplice?
Han Lang: One person does one thing and one person does it, I have no accomplices.
Emperor Hanming: You don't have any accomplices? You didn't report to your superiors (the lieutenants, Situ, and Sikong in charge of Liu Ying's case)? Why don't you report to your superiors?
Han Lang: I know that I am committing a capital crime, and I don't want to involve others.
Emperor Hanming: What capital crime did you commit?
Han Lang: I was in charge of trying the case for a year, and not only could I not close the case in time, but instead I cried out for the criminals, which was a capital crime and a major crime of extermination. However, I would rather die, hoping to remind His Majesty.
Liu Ying's case was too widely implicated, and because Of His Majesty's outrage, even if the officials who tried the case found out the grievances, they did not dare to report it, because it was political correct to convict them, and to acquit them was to deceive the emperor. Therefore, in order to protect themselves and make meritorious contributions, everyone can implicate 10 people in the trial of one person, and 10 people in the trial can implicate 100 people.
You met to ask your comrades for advice, and everyone said: Your Majesty is too wise and too merciful. Conspiracy to rebel is a major crime of the Nine Tribes, and you actually sentence only the person involved in the case to death and not pursue his family, which is really a fortunate thing for the country and the people.
However, when the comrades came home from work, they all sighed with sorrow and sorrow. Who dares to tell you the truth?
When I have finished, I ask Your Majesty to punish him with the death penalty.
Emperor Hanming was silent, and after half a day, he said: You should back off.
The second was Yuan An ( 袁安 ) , the county commander of Rencheng ( 任城 ; present-day Rencheng District , Jining , Shandong) .
After the outbreak of Liu Ying's case, Liu Ying's fiefdom (Chu State, present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu) was revoked and renamed Chu Commandery (楚郡). This is the old lair of Liu Ying's rebellion, which is naturally the hardest hit area. The Prison in Chu County was overcrowded, the "conspirators" climbed and denounced each other, the local blood flowed like a river, and the officials and people were afraid that they could not live forever.
In order to conclude the case as soon as possible and stabilize the place, the head of the special case team (Taiwei, Situ and Sikong) recommended to Emperor Hanming that Yuan An was "super capable and good at handling urgent difficulties and heavy burdens" and could be appointed as the Taishou of Chu County. After Yuan An arrived, he did not enter the Taishou Mansion, but went directly to the prison to start his office, quickly clarified the facts of the case, and drew up a list of innocents, preparing to report to the central government and apply for release.
The subordinates were frightened, and they knelt on the ground and kept prostrating their heads: Leader, you are sympathizing with rebellion and exonerating him, which is also a capital crime. Moreover, everyone in our taishou mansion will be a capital offense.
Yuan An: Rest assured, I have already made it clear in my report that I did this alone. Something went wrong, and I was alone.
The subordinate went home crying: Liu Ying plotted rebellion, or did not go to ten thousand people to accompany him to the funeral?
The third is Empress Ma Xiaomei. Ma Xiaomei has always been safe and has not said a word. Until this year, the world was in a big drought and flood, which was very unusual. Ma Xiaomei found an opportunity to blow the pillow side wind: the sky is a warning, should Liu Ying's case be closed as soon as possible?
Emperor Hanming, like his father, believed in Providence the most, so he muttered.
That night, Emperor Hanming stayed up all night, thought about it repeatedly (Emperor Yiran realized, and wandered at night), and finally decided: It's over.
According to historical records, because of Han Lang's risk of death, Emperor Hanming released more than 1,000 people; because of Yuan An's risk of death, more than 400 people in Chu County were acquitted; because of Ma Xiaomei's pillow wind, Emperor Hanming completely ended Liu Ying's case.
Yuan An, a native of Runan (present-day Zhumadian, Henan), a famous minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and later served as Situ and Sikong. He had a famous descendant named Yuan Shao.
Yuan Shao: My father (Yuan Feng), Sikong; my uncle (Yuan Kui), Taifu; my grandfather (Yuan Tang), Taiwei; my grandfather's uncle (Yuan Chang), Sikong; my grandfather's grandfather (Yuan An), Situ. This is called the Fourth Dynasty and three dukes (four consecutive generations are all leaders of the state level).
The impact of Liu Ying's case on the Eastern Han Dynasty was mainly twofold:
1. The princes were thoroughly suppressed, and the foreign relatives began to look up.
2. The scholars ceased to be dependent on the princes and began to form independent parties.
Of course, Emperor Hanming was willing to close the case, first of all because the princes were completely crippled. After Liu Ying's case, how honest were the princes?
Liu Mu, King of Beihai, grandson of Liu Xiu's eldest brother Liu Xiu (yǎn) and nephew of Liu Zhuang, emperor of the Han Dynasty. Both Liu Xiu and Emperor Ming of Han liked him.
One year during the Spring Festival, Liu Mu sent his subordinates to Luoyang to pay homage to Emperor Ming of Han. Before the subordinates left, Liu Mu asked him: If the emperor asks me about me, how will you talk back?
The subordinate said: Of course, seek truth from facts, saying that you are loyal and filial, benevolent, and courteous corporal.
Liu Mu: You want me to die! If the emperor asks you, you will say that I am absurd, eating, drinking, and having fun every day, fishing and meat the people.
bibliography:
[1] Sima Guang: Zizhi Tongjian
[2] Fan Ye: Book of the Later Han Dynasty
[3] Wang Fuzhi: "Reading through the Theory"
[4] Lü Zongli: The Great Dictionary of The Official System of Chinese Dynasties (Revised Edition)
[5] Luo Kun: A General History of Chinese Military Affairs
[6] Tan Qijun: Historical Atlas of China
[7] Wang Li: Common Sense of Ancient Chinese Culture