Nowadays, mainland intellectuals who are a little older probably rarely do not read Bai Yang and are completely unaffected by him. In the history of contemporary thought and culture, Bai Yang is certainly a figure that cannot be bypassed.
Bai Yang.1920-2008, born in Tongxu, Henan, his ancestral home is Changbei Village, Changcun Town, Hui County
Bai Yang's life, with extraordinary talent, suffered from the world, ruined reputation, are legendary. In his life, he "did not hesitate to speculate on the people of the country with the greatest malice", and aimed to tear off the fig leaf of the national family, such as "sauce tank culture", "ugly Chinese" and other famous terms, that is, from his handwriting; he lived 88 years, spent nearly 10 years in prison, published 200 books, and his reputation in his later years was even rising day by day, and he was regarded by many media as "Lu Xun of Treasure Island", "Humanistic Master", "Chinese Voltaire" and so on.
Sauce Jar and Prescription: From Lu Xun to Hu Shi to Bai Yang
There are different opinions on whether these beauties should be appropriate, but probably no one dares to deny that he is indeed a shining literary superstar and an important public intellectual.
As a writer, the sensation that Bai Yang once created is only difficult for anyone to match. On March 7 this year, the centenary of Bai Yang's birth, even the famous Bai Yansong specially produced a program, and the corners of his eyes tearfully recalled this idol.
Bai Yansong: Recently, I have been "re-reading the words written by Mr. Bai Yang about our shortcomings"
The name "Bai Yang" is like a mythological label: in 1986, his "Ugly Chinese" was published in the mainland, which immediately triggered the "Bai Yang Fever", which is a phenomenon-level collection; his "Outline of the History of Chinese", which is listed as one of the "10 Most Socially Influential Books in China in the 20th Century", is now the headline red "two mixed son" Chen Lei, it is because of this book revelation that he embarked on the road to prosperity; he began to write in prison" Bai Yang Vernacular Edition Zizhi Tongjian 36 volumes, which is still best-selling to this day.
Door-to-door interviews in 2005
On April 29, 2008, when Bai Yang bid farewell to his death, Xiao Ma Ge even held a special press conference, and said in the face of global pain, "The death of Bai Lao symbolizes the end of an era" Yunyun. Thinking of myself, the middle school times corner posted a sense of reading, it was also full of paper words, and the atmosphere at that time could be imagined. Publisher Chen Junnian recalled that in October 1986, Huacheng Publishing House published works such as "Outline of the History of Chinese", which sold 2.8 million copies in just one month, and he said that Bai Yang was "like a huge bomb of ideas, reading it like thunder, shocking the heart"!
CHEN Junnian. When he was in charge of the Flower City Society, he resolutely published the Baiyang series, which was a great success
But at the same time, a huge dislocation has always been rampant and unsentified: such a "literary hero", a generation of "cultural giants", or the well-known "fighters, martyrs, and warriors" of the times, there are indeed many unbearable points in private morality. People call him a "hero," but he is indeed close to "pit abduction" all the way; he violently exposes the "inferiority of Chinese," but he himself has repeatedly coaxed and deceived his feelings and family + always chaotic and abandoned + irresponsible, and the degree of "scum" seems to be far beyond Li Ao and Hu Lancheng, the "two scumbags in the cultural world."
In the evening, in a group dominated by "green peppers", the topic was even with Bai Yang, and a doctor of literature was directly criticized as "Lat People". Of course, the words are extreme, but I also wonder: For the literati, are words and deeds really different things? For celebrities, can their "public image" and "private morality" really be completely different?
Li Ao vs Bai Yang: From a close friend of life and death to a vendetta against each other
Academic complex, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, there are extenuating circumstances. But like Bai Yang, who directly falsified, cheated, and repeatedly repeated the same tricks, he was probably the first person in the contemporary literary world. Such an act, unconsciously ashamed and smug, he is probably the number one.
In his lifetime, Bai Yang attended two universities in total: in 1943, he entered the law department of Gansu College (the predecessor of Lanzhou University), and in 1944, he entered the political department of "National Northeastern University". But these two "academic qualifications" were deceived by disgraceful means. The first time, he bought a fake high Chinese was admitted to the exam, and a year later he was found expelled and wanted for the crime of "forging documents".
Lanzhou in the 1950s. Schrotter\ photo
The last time, he was bolder. During his arrest, he wandered to Shapingba, Chongqing, where he was pitiful and introduced him to the "Wartime Student Recruitment Committee" as a clerk and was responsible for registering the assignment of exiled college students. He took advantage of this convenience to steal beams and change pillars, directly tampered with other people's academic records, ran to Northeastern University, and carefully replaced the upper school and graduated.
Unfortunately, just as he was about to make a big show, this black history was found out again: after the war, the government verified the archives and found that the "habitual counterfeiter" had moved flowers and trees, and immediately announced his expulsion and all the information was invalidated. Because of the heinous circumstances, it also thoroughly blacklisted the list, and specially notified the national colleges and universities that they would not be allowed to accept "Guo Yidong" (Bai Yang's original name) for enrollment or appointment. At this point, Bai Yang's college dream was completely shattered, and the highest degree was "high school second year" for life.
"Monument to the Foundation Laying of the National Northeast University" by President Zhang Xueliang
In fact, Bai Yang's academic career, from primary school to middle school, and finally to college, can almost always be described by the 4 words of "cheating and falsification". Originally, his origin was not weak, even quite advantageous, his father Guo Xuezhong served as the governor of Tongxu County, a senior official of the Kaifeng Police Station, and later became rich by operating the peanut import and export business, not without education. But he was stubborn, repeatedly expelled, and did not finish elementary school. Later, the trustee forged a junior high school diploma and was admitted to Kaifeng Senior High School, but he still ended up working.
In his later years, he recalled that he talked about the ugly things of cheating, taking the top, forging academic qualifications, and deceiving the teachers and leaders as an anecdote. The reason he gave was also grandiose, saying that watching too many "promises and vows" is deceitful, and that it is really shocking not to "divert to deceive others, it is hopeless idiots". What is even more jaw-dropping is that today's media writers, whenever this matter is concerned, is also promoted as a "literary story", and it is confusing to people to be overwhelmed.
After taking the graduation photo with great vigor, it was expected that it would be taken away the next month
I don't know, how will people who have been baptized by events such as "Tang Jun's fake door" and "Gou Jing's replacement case" view this "celebrity anecdote"?
Some people say that the problem of academic qualification fraud stems from Bai Yang's eagerness to study and should be forgiven, and I am not particularly opposed. In their youth, who has not engaged in a few absurd things of "reckless destruction"?
However, I must also affirm that such unscrupulous means really should not be rewarded. Moreover, in Bai Yang's life, all kinds of different ideas, all kinds of fraudulent marriages, and various irresponsible performances for his children are even more difficult to understand. Thanks to the fact that in his article, he also deliberately created a "righteous gentleman" personality, always showed people with the image of a "good father", often advocated "equality between men and women", called for the overthrow of "machismo", criticized the inferiority of Chinese "indifference, coldness, suspicion, and cruelty". In this regard, he is actually far less realistic than Li Ao, Hu Lancheng and other "scumbags" peers, who are at least frank and open-minded, and never smear cover-ups.
According to the existing public information, Bai Yang has been married 4 times, there are 5 wives in the open, and the cohabiting girlfriend is unknown, and has given birth to 5 children, which are now scattered in the mainland, Taipei, and Australia, and "there are many dry daughters." Speaking of Bai Yang's problem, the focus is of course not on the complexity or confusion of the history of marriage and love - this is a matter of personal choice after all, but in the chaos, irresponsibility, and even the swindling of the light. This, on the inside, is ruthless and unjust, but externally it is inevitable to be suspected of fishing for fame and deceiving the world.
In 1938, Bai Yang was 18 years old, married to Ai Shaohe, who was 3 years older than him, and after giving birth to a daughter, Bai Yangtuo resigned and wandered the world, leaving only a photo and a box of business cards for his wife and daughter, and finally forced Ai Shaohe to be forced to remarry, and soon he was depressed, and his daughter was implicated; during this period, he was exiled to Chongqing, concealed the fact that he was married, and met and combined with Cui Xiuying, a staff member who graduated from the normal school, not only by his wife to support the family, but also after giving birth to a daughter, Cui Was never married and lonely, and his daughter Cui Yusheng knew who his father was at the age of 41. He still lived with people.
In 1949, after taking the stage, Bai Yang was introduced to marry Qi Yongpei, a 27-year-old middle school teacher, and won a second son, and Qi knew nothing about his marriage history. At the time of his emergence in the literary field, he met Ni Minghua, a female college student from a Kochi family, and soon fell in love again, abandoning his wife and son again - fortunately, Qi Yongpei was able to strengthen himself, not only cultivating his two youngest sons to become adults, but also admitted to Stanford University in the United States to become a professor.
with Qi Yongpei
Later, with Bai Yang imprisoned, his wife Ni Minghua was slandered for having an affair with Li Ao and left him with his daughter Jiajia. Bai Yang was impressed by this moment, repaid the virtue with resentment, scolded Ni Minghua as an "adulteress", and left him; denounced Li Ao as an "adulterer" and was unjust to him - although one of the crimes li Ao "entered the palace" in 1971 was to help Bai Yang. In the book "Bai Yang Family Letter: To Dear Jiajia", he repeatedly instilled that it was sinful for his mother to remarry and that "Daddy will always be your Daddy". Ironically, when Bai Yang was released from prison in April 1977, his beloved daughter Jiajia did not want to see him at all, and he had to live alone on the cold streets of Taipei. It wasn't until later, when some friends couldn't look at it and converted the car room into a bedroom, that he temporarily had a shelter.
However, the Baiyangji people have their own celestial appearance. He is not shallow, he has read countless women, and if there is always heavenly help in the dark, there is always a good woman "upside down" in a desperate situation. When he was released from prison, he was nearly 60 years old, full of white hair, worthless, and zhang Xianghua, a "fan" and female poet who was nearly 20 years younger, quietly came to take care of his old age and accompany him throughout the rest of his life.
But things are still absurd: after 8 years of marriage, Zhang Xianghua sorted out her husband's desk, saw the letter sent from the other side, and learned that she was Bai Yang's 5th wife, and added a group of children and grandchildren, scattered around the world. In the book "Bai Yang on the Love of Men and Women", the old man is so frank, "When people are old, they will feel that only money can be relied upon, and what parents, brothers, husbands and wives and children are false tricks", zhenyi said that the philosophy of life is broken, right?
September 12, 2010 Xinzheng. Zhang Xianghua at the burial ceremony of Bai Yang's ashes
Later, Li Ao criticized him for being "ungrateful" and "sour and fake vinegar", saying, "The original 'ugly Chinese' is not him, it is his author himself", which is indeed not a hanging cannon.
After the 1980s, Bai Yang wielded a large brush like rafters, and also had the image protector of "fighter" and "victim", and suddenly became famous and rejuvenated the second spring of his life. People called him both a "literary hero" and a "hero", and everywhere he went, he cheered wildly.
However, what is quite interesting is that Bai Yang's self-repeated emphasis on the role of "fighting righteous soldiers" and "forerunners" does not stand up to scrutiny. Nowadays, scholars generally believe that since he participated in the "Three Youth League Training Class" in Wuhan at the age of 16, he was a second Jiang Tiefan and a "loyal minister of the party and the state"; in the 1968 "Popeye Cartoon Case", Bai Yang was sentenced to 12 years for "committing the crime of committing chaos", which was itself a false misunderstanding, and Bai Yang was completely "loyal and slandered" and was wronged.
Sickness. Jin Yong went to visit
A few years ago, pan Junmi, a former close friend and diplomat of his kind, also publicly "revealed the bottom line" and said that when Bai Yang was originally imprisoned, the disaster was not to "satirize the current politics," but during his tenure as the backbone of the "Youth League," he used his power to "engage in teacher-student love affairs with the girls in the class," which triggered peach-colored news, which made Xiao Jiang very dissatisfied, so he found a way to deal with it. Talking about the past, Pan's words are also quite dismissive: "His kneecaps have been broken", and he came out with a wagging tail and begging for mercy, but "just out of their prison, the wounds have not yet healed and they began to speak for them, and such people have lost their minimum dignity as a human being."
Pan Junmi is a person who has heard from both sides of the strait, and in the interview he also said two major dissatisfactions. The first is "hypocrisy," saying that when Bai Yang returned to The Land, he received a sum of money for the manuscript, claiming that he wanted to donate but there was no unit to receive it, and when the Shanghai Writers Association expressed his willingness to do the work, he gave up his words; the second was the "two-faced faction": After Lu vigorously praised, but the front foot just landed on the old nest, he immediately changed his other face, and all kinds of insults were unbearable. For the old friend, Pan Junmi shook his head repeatedly, "Good no personality", and repeated it several times.
However, it is undeniable that Bai Yang's life is indeed a tragedy. The wind and thunder of the rolling times, and the endless entanglement of personnel; personal life and death, and the vicissitudes of home and country are intertwined, no matter which page is turned, it is blood and tears. In 1988, his stepmother abused him, he dropped out of school as a teenager, joined the army in war, studied under false names, and crossed The Island of Taiwan, carrying an era on his back;
10 years of novels, 10 years of essays, 10 years of imprisonment, 10 years of history, 30 million words of the complete collection of sentences are accusations; he is angry, he is sad, he regrets, he is pathetic, he is both a victim and a victim, a lifetime of thought and action and ups and downs, which really shows the causal entanglement of a generation of Chinese intellectuals, the flow of life and death. When I was young, I read Bo Yang and shed tears.
In his later years, he finally returned to his hometown in Henan to visit his relatives and fathers
Although the fame of the late years will eventually be compensated, how can such a life of creation and deception be relieved? 15 years ago, Bai Yansong interviewed him and recalled afterwards, "I will never forget that at Mr. Taipei's house, that afternoon he said sadly to me that he had never been happy, nor had he ever been happy"! At this moment, I have no such pain and pride in my mind.
Before dying, write down a "positive" word with all your strength
The events are endless and in the ascendant. Reading Bai Yang often makes me feel arrogant, always looking forward to a beautiful society, so that the "Bai Yang" style intellectuals can be more sincere and less gratuitous suffering.