<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="111" > Zhang Yuan: Green mountains idle clouds, mangroves back to shine</h1>
Recently, reading Hong Mai's "Notes on Rong Zhai", I saw that there was a "record of Zhang Yuan's affairs", but judging from the writing of Old Master Hong, he was full of sympathy for Zhang Yuan, and his words began: "Those who have come to China since the ancient Yidi's ministers will be used by people." From Yu into Qin, Mu Gong to dominate, Jin Ri to Shihan, Emperor Wu of Emperor Wu of Wu..."
Zhang Yuan is still a very strange person to ordinary history lovers, but there are good people who have listed the top ten most famous traitors in Chinese history, qin juniper, Wu Sangui, these people are of course inevitable, and Zhang Yuan is also impressively listed, but perhaps people know nine of them, but they do not recognize who this yuan is.
Because the Song, Yuan, Liao, and Jin dynasties at that time did not recognize Western Xia as a formal country and did not revise its history, the lack of national history made Western Xia a mysterious existence in history, and its historical events and characters were scattered in the historical materials or wild history notes of other countries, so it was difficult to have a more authoritative cognition.
As for Zhang Yuan, whether he really called this name can not be confirmed, there is a saying that his real name is Zhang Yuan, many people think that he deliberately changed his name in order to attract the attention of the Western Xia King Yuanhao at that time, because the friend with him was named Wu Hao, and the two inscriptions on the wall were touched by the "crime" at that time, so they were able to meet Yuanhao and be reused.
In the book, Zhang Yuan, Zi LeiFu, Western Xia military division, Minister of State, and Shaanxi Huayin people, repeatedly failed to succeed, so they defected to Western Xia, planned the war against the Song Dynasty and won a great victory, but later because Yuan Hao did not adopt its strategy of expanding the war, "sending troops to Weizhou, waiting for the opportunity to take Chang'an", he gave up the army and died of depression.
Although none of his records are very precise, and posterity can raise a bunch of doubts, two things can be confirmed, that is, he was a Han Chinese luodishi; the strategic ideas he put forward enabled Western Xia to win a complete victory in the decisive battle against the Song army, and it is precisely because of these two points that as a person who helped foreign races fight their own tribes, it must be reasonable to be recognized as a traitor.
The main trajectory of Zhang Yuan's activities roughly occurred in the Song Renzong dynasty, in the era of "everything is inferior, only reading is high", Kao Keju is the only ascending channel for hanmen scholars, Zhang Yuan is definitely also a cold window for many years of hard reading, ready to jump the dragon gate, sell the imperial family, and show the ambition of the birds.
Some people have verified that he was the same as Bao Zhengbao's reference at the same time, this I have no information to confirm, but it is not important, but it may be that he took the exam in this period of time, but he did not have the good luck of Bao Daren, because the temple test was deposed, there was no chance to enter the soldier, because at that time it was the implementation of the last elimination system, not admitted to the jinshi is equivalent to a white-clothed person, and unlike the Qing and Ming dynasties, the xiucai and the name of the person can also be regarded as a birth.
Jin Shi was deposed, which was a heavy blow to Zhang Yuan, who was "negative and arrogant, and had vertical and horizontal talents", and he had a good friend who was depressed and unambitious, and there should be another one named Yao Sizong, these people were all talented people, who not only paid attention to words, but also paid attention to the ability to govern the country through the ages, they also targeted the border troubles at that time, and inspected the terrain of mountains and rivers on the spot, so they all regarded themselves as the talents of a million soldiers, of course, they looked down on those winter baking scribes who relied on literary endowments.
The stone road is more than a few times, and the horseshoe is trampled on the cuilan pile;
The green mountains lack idle clouds, and the mangrove bushes come back to the light;
The distant water is empty of sails, and the long sky is full of geese mourning;
The flag pavilion refers to the deserted village nearby, and the autumn wind of the residence is more wineglass.
This poem is Zhang Yuan's "Mountain Walk", and I am not sure that he wrote it in the border area, but this exclamation in the barren mountains and wild waters is very much in line with his state of mind at that time.
Green mountains and mangroves, stone roads and distant water, long wind with autumn geese, flag pavilion to meet the deserted village, from the mood of the heart, although the autumn wind brings a burst of sorrow, but still has not blown away the hope in the heart, from the level of poetry, Zhang Yuan is still very level, in the early Song Dynasty, counted as a second-rate that is still more than enough.
They were inspecting and traveling in the border areas, and it was said that if they had a good battle strategy, of course they should go to the highest general who was leading the troops in the border areas at that time, who used them as advanced assets to seek appreciation, but they were "ashamed to sell themselves", and Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan, the supreme military and political leaders in the northwest, did not know whether they heard the names of the two of them, and the history books only recorded that "Han and Fan doubted and did not use." ”
That is to say, they are not ashamed to take the initiative to go to the door to sell themselves, but to engage in performance art by knocking on the side, "letting go of poetry and wine, and speaking amazingly", but the effect is very bad, "and the bian shuai knows it", so these people who want to attract the attention of the bian shuai are "at a loss". ”
Here do not raise grandfathers, there is their own place to raise grandfathers, Zhang and Wu know that The Western Xia Yuanhao established the country as emperor and recruited talents, so they entered the Western Xia Kingdom, hoping to exert their talents there, in order to attract Yuanhao's attention, they staged the farce of the name change above, that is, drunken trouble, "The introduction of the book wall said 'Zhang Yuan, Wu Hao drank here.' ”
When the two were escorted to YuanHao, Yuanhao was furious and asked them why they dared to violate their names, but they did not know that Zhang Yuanli said with a straight face, "The surname has not been ignored, but the name is ignored?" This sentence choked the king of Bactria not lightly.
Yuan Hao was a descendant of the Northern Wei Xianbei, his original surname was Tuoba, his ancestors submitted to the Tang Dynasty, he was given the surname Li, and later attached to the Song Dynasty, he was given the surname Zhao, and he was a person with multiple surnames, so Zhang Yuan was also to the point, and it was appropriate to match.
Although Yuanhao was a little humiliated, but he was not angry, he decided that these two people were people of great talent, whether this also included Yao Sizong is unknown, because later generations will see Zhang Yuan and Wu Hao as one, and the later Wu and Yao will disappear, just narrating Zhang Yuan, so we only know that he was taken in by Yuan Hao and offered advice, so Zhang Yuan began to help Yuan Hao attack the city of the Song Dynasty.
As for how he rose from a strategist step by step, there is no record of his career process, and no one knows what kind of official position he ended up in, and the military division or state minister mentioned in the introduction are all speculations of later generations, but as a person who has a deep understanding of the inside story of the Song Dynasty, he is at least relied on among Yuan Hao's many strategists, which is beyond doubt.
Wuding battle sword to break the clouds, straight to the galaxy under the Emperor Qi;
Three million jade dragons were killed in battle, and the wind of defeat swept all over the sky.
This poem called "Yongxue" is written by Wang Yang wantonly, and it must be Zhang Yuan's famous work, among the bunch of poets in the early Song Dynasty with Xikun as the background, they are all snuggled and leaning on the green, and the soft voice of the lilac is like a lilac, and the theme of The Yongxue written is also quite a lot, but most of them are not surprising.
Wing Xue is a very old theme, Huang Tingjian's "wind back to the common dance of The Gentle Dance"; Liu Zongyuan's "Lonely Boat Gong Kasa Weng" Han Che; Xie Daoyun's "not as if the willow is not raised by the wind" are all wonderful words all over the world.
In contrast, Zhang Yuan's poem is written in a majestic, imaginative, extremely mythical romantic color, his imagination is strange, with millions of dragon scales that died in battle as a metaphor, flying in the sky, this brilliant color is strange, people are stunning.
However, some people will read out from this poem Zhang Yuan's determination to disrupt the world, which I think is a bit taken for granted, and it is completely the interpretation of Zhang Yuan's actions later, which must be very extreme.
The great man in "Nian Nu Jiao. Kunlun" said: "Three million jade dragons flew up, stirring up the cold of Zhou Tian." "This mood is the same as Zhang Yuan's poetry, it is really similar to the same magic, if you insist on pulling it together to evaluate, it is a little difficult to explain, right.
Zhang Yuan not only wrote poems well, but also a military wizard, and his greatest achievement in this life was to plan the war between the three Song armies, namely the Battle of Sanchuankou, the Battle of Haoshuichuan and the Battle of Dingchuan Village, all three battles were complete victories over the Song army, especially in the Battle of Haoshuichuan, in one fell swoop, the main general Ren Fu was killed, and more than 10,000 people led were completely destroyed.
These three major wars fought Han Qi and Fan Zhong, the supreme commanders in the northwest of the Song dynasty at that time, and their faces were so disgraceful that they also brought great shock to the Song Dynasty. When they learned that the operator behind this Western Xia was Zhang Yuan, who was abandoned by them in the imperial examination, they were even more mixed.
Xia Chun He Zeng shrugged, Han Qi was not enough;
Manchuan dragon and tiger, as if talking about military aircraft.
After the great victory, Zhang Yuanna was full of pride, and he wrote this poem satirizing the high-ranking officials of the Song Dynasty, in which Xia Zhen and Han Qi were the decision-makers of the Song Dynasty in the dynasty and on the front line, respectively, and the poem was written with "Taishi, Shang Shuling, and Zhongshu Ling Zhang Yuan accompanied Zhang Yuan to this place." "The most humiliating thing is enough.
It is said that this poem is widely circulated, but I think it is not necessarily written by Zhang Yuan, strictly speaking, the level of this poem is extremely low, and it is said that every oil poem is still below the medium level, and the official position of this fall is also inconsistent with the official system of Western Xia at that time, so this must be made up by posterity to set off Zhang Yuan's triumphant feelings.
After winning the victory, it was common sense to take advantage of the victory and pursue, and further expand the results of the battle, so Zhang Yuan encouraged Yuan Hao to continue to march and expand the war against the Song Dynasty, first capturing the land of Guanzhong in Shaanxi, and then going east, directly taking the Central Plains, obtaining more wealth to support military supplies, and establishing a bridgehead for the completion of the Hegemony of Western Xia.
In order to realize this strategic plan, Zhang Yuan suggested immediately contacting the Liao people and persuading the Liao state to send troops to attack the Hebei roads, so that the Song Dynasty would fall into the dilemma of attacking on both sides to ensure the chances of victory, and the book states that he "often advised Yuan Hao to take the right side of Shaanxi, according to Guan Fusheng, to fight eastward, and to form a Khitan army, and to spy on Hebei, so that China was sick and sick, and it was difficult to support." ”
It cannot but be said that zhang Yuan's proposal is vicious, if it is really implemented, it will definitely put the Great Song Dynasty into an embarrassing situation, and it is difficult to imagine what the outcome will be.
However, as a strategist, Yuan Hao soberly realized that killing a thousand enemies and injuring himself eight hundred, and years of war had overwhelmed Western Xia, who was already poor and poor in the country, and if he wanted to continue to attack the Song Dynasty, he also deeply felt that the national strength was not enough, and he was unable to fight again.
Therefore, when the Song Dynasty proposed peace, he decisively took over the olive branch handed over by the Great Song Dynasty, and after receiving the "gift of the year" sent by the Song Dynasty every year, obtaining a large amount of wealth, and regaining the expediency of border trade and commerce, he stopped the war and enjoyed it, which is the famous "celebration calendar and peace agreement" in the history of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Zhang Yuan, whose proposal was rejected, was of course very disappointed, and he kept recommending it in an attempt to "develop his ambitions in a peaceful manner", but in the end there was no result, but it aroused Yuan Hao's disgust, lost trust, and soon fell ill and died. ”
Liu Yong, who was almost the same time as Zhang Yuan, was not also driven out of the palace by the emperor with a word, and he was swept out of the palace by the emperor with a word, and he fell down all his life, wandering the Qinglou, and in the end, once he fell, he would go to the enemy country to do the things that aided and abetted the abuse, so I think that what this Zhang Yuan did should be no doubt that he was a traitor.
As a scholar of the Song Dynasty, Zhang Yuan wanted to give full play to his talents, but he resented the fact that his talents could not be brought into play, borrowed the power of the enemy country to harm the interests of his own nation, as a breakthrough to show his talents, and did not hesitate to harm the country and the people with his own selfishness.
However, I can see from the few poems left by Zhang Yuan that he is a very talented person, although there is a heroism of "the wind of defeat is flying in the sky", but there are also very fresh and lovely works, such as the following "Titled Li You Uncle Kunlun Mountain House" is very good, even if it is placed in the Ou and Su columns, it can also be compared.
Summary of the foothills of the Yokoyama Mountains, the home of the Qingzhi Virgin;
Autumn wind three-path bamboo, spring rain a garden of flowers;
New verses of ups and downs, old age between Xiao Jian and Xiao Jian;
When the sky is clear, the shore is counted with crows.
This is a poem inscribed on the mountain house of a friend of Shandong's uncle, not only flat and tidy, but also good sentences, through the comparison of idle flowers, rain bamboo, foothills, autumn wind, with slow motion, an admirable mountain bookstore one by one shaken, looking around, crows, moving and quiet, bright color, this is a typical reading talent has the feeling.
This poem should be Zhang Yuan's early poem, which reads peacefully and elegantly, and no posterity says that his fearful murderous spirit seems to be inconsistent with the title of the poem "Strange" that posterity evaluates his arrogance and uninhibitedness, and the following poem "Yi Cun Zhao Tong Zhu Zi You Ming Lake" can also be corroborated.
The ghost search lost yesterday and climbed, and likes to interpret the new poem;
Painting Danfeng embroidered river water, white cloud red leaf girl mountain;
Songling sings and who is high, Xie Ke is also idle;
Since the yangqiu autumn color is good, Qing Yin is full of storage a bag.
From the above poems, it can be seen that with Zhang Yuan's talent, it is still not a problem to pass the examination for a jinshi, as to why he can fall in the temple examination, whether it is because the proportion of words is reduced during the examination, or Zhang Yuanyu is not very good at policy, but it feels that it is not too likely, perhaps his luck is too bad.
According to many people's arguments, it is precisely because of the existence of Zhang Yuan that the Song Dynasty abolished the last-place elimination system in the temple examination, expanded the proportion of admissions, and awarded all those who entered the temple examination to be born as a jinshi or a fellow jinshi, even if those whose grades were not too good, they were also awarded "giving the same jinshi birth".
Such a statement has actually existed since the Southern Song Dynasty, but I think that it is a lack of common sense to hang the reform of the Imperial Examination in the Northern Song Dynasty with Zhang Yuan, and it is a blunt connection between the two events at that time, which is an unconvincing speculation.
The history clearly records that the motive for the reform was that at that time, Song Renzong knew that many students were extremely poor after they fell in the first place, and even lived on the streets because they could not return to their hometowns, and they suffered for a long time in the Capital Division, so they moved their compassion and made corresponding reforms, which was also in line with the basic national policy of the Song Dynasty at that time.
Moreover, Zhang Yuan died in 1044, and the Song Dynasty's imperial examination reform system began in 1057, that is, the "Dragon and Tiger List" of the second year of Song Renzong Jiayou, which is more than ten years after Zhang Yuan's death, and it is unlikely in terms of time.
Besides, everyone has to have a face, if it is because of Zhang Yuan and change the established system, wouldn't it be impossible for anyone to recognize this person who brought disaster to the Song Dynasty, deny himself and elevate the enemy?