Qianjiang Evening News Hourly News Reporter Sun Wen
Because of the "Sea Mistake Map", Zhang Chenliang has come to Hangzhou for the third time.
On November 17, in the one-way space in Hangzhou, he brought his new work "Notes on Sea Mistake Maps: Three".
"Sea Mistake Map" was written during the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the author Nie Huang was from Hangzhou, and the "Sea Wrong Map Notes" series was written by Zhang Chenliang specifically for "Picking Mistakes" for "Sea Fault Map".
In 2014, "Sea Mistake Map" was published, and Zhang Chenliang, who had been interested in animals since childhood, immediately ran to the sales point next to the Shenwu Gate of the Forbidden City and bought a copy.
Zhang Chenliang found that due to the limitations of the times, there are also many unreliable points in the "Sea Fault Map", and some animals, nie Huang's appearance drawn only according to the descriptions of others, will have great distortion. The accounts of biological habits are also a mixture of true and false.
Since the summer of 2015, Zhang Chenliang has used modern biological research methods to analyze and examine the organisms in the "Sea Fault Map", distinguish the authenticity, and after step-by-step reasoning and analysis, identify the real bodies of the creatures in the painting.
"It's like solving a case, it's very enjoyable." Zhang Chenliang, like Nie Huang, walked a lot, but in comparison, he walked more extensively, "I also went to Liaoning, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Tianjin, Japan, Thailand and other places to collect materials and field research..."
Like the first two "Notes on Sea Mistakes", "Notes on Sea Mistakes And Three" is still popular with fun tones and unique research. But there are also differences - because the biological examination involved in "Notes on The Sea Mistake Map III" is more difficult, Zhang Chenliang's "solving the case" process is also more tortuous and fascinating.
What is even more rare is that because the "National Palace Museum" in Taipei released all the image copyrights of the fourth volume of "Sea Fault Map" for free in 2017, some species identification stories in Taipei's "Sea Fault Map" were added to the "Notes on Sea Fault Map" three.
More than 300 kinds of marine life are recorded in the "Sea Mistake Map", which was drawn by Nie Huang after traveling to Hebei, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Fujian and other coastal areas of China, combined with what he heard and felt - the records in the book are also true and false, sometimes exaggerated, but interesting. Different from the traditional ancient popular science books, the painting style of "Sea Fault Map" is like a comic, and it is like a scientific hand-drawn, which is very unique.
Moreover, Nie Huang may also be a foodie, because he attaches the way each creature eats in the Sea Fault Map.
This Hangzhou fellow, put in the present, belongs to the master whose works are very famous but he is not very popular. Very little information about him has been left in history. Some scholars speculate that Nie Huang may have been a businessman, and in the process of doing business, he "inadvertently planted willows and willows" to have the "Sea Mistake Map".
"Nie Huang is not an official, nor is he a great painter, he is just an ordinary folk creature lover." Zhang Chenliang said that after Nie Huang finished the "Sea Fault Map", he disappeared from history and the book was no longer whereabouts.
It was not until the fourth year of Yongzheng that the book reappeared in the jianghu. This year's palace archives record that the eunuch Su Peisheng (yes, that is, the Su Peisheng in the "Biography of Zhen Huan"!). Brought the Sea Fault Map into the palace. After that, emperors such as Qianlong, Jiaqing, and Xuantong all read this map.
Zhang Chenliang also deepened his understanding of this Nie Huang, a naturalist who was more than 300 years ago, in the form of puzzles.
Nie Huang's main business should be business, which should be no suspense, Zhang Chenliang also came up with his own evidence: "Because the friends he interacted with were businessmen, his relatives were drug shops, he ran around the coast of China, and he also published a book, indicating that he must have money and leisure, and there was no requirement for him to support his family." ”
Moreover, in his exchanges with some scholars, Zhang Chenliang also found that Nie Huang's father-in-law was a relatively famous person in the late Ming Dynasty. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, Nie Huang's father-in-law was no longer an official, and even Nie Huang's father-in-law and Nie Huang may still have a teacher-student relationship.
After the completion of the "Sea Fault Map", it has been circulated in the folk, and the people regard it as a handbook for marine biological knowledge, and when they encounter unknown fish, they will take this book out to a pair, just like we now see that we don't know the creatures to ask @ museum magazine to ask about it.
After so many years of "getting along" with Nie Huang, Zhang Chenliang also felt the temperament of this man more than 300 years ago, and he knew very well that Nie Huang, when he encountered the marine creatures he was familiar with, he still painted more realistically, but if he had not seen some kind of creature, the style of his pen was very imaginative.
On the contrary, it is because of this that Zhang Chenliang's particularly difficult and interesting experiences in the process of examination have been achieved.
In "Sea Mistake Map", Nie Huang painted a flying cockle. Nie Huang's description of it was also very impressive—suddenly and suddenly, but it could vary from one or two tens of miles.
Can shells fly? But anyone with a normal mind thinks it's impossible. At first, Zhang Chenliang did not believe it, but when answering questions from netizens on the Internet, someone really sent him a photo of a "flying cockle" - almost exactly the same as Nie Huang's painting, and really grew a few small wings!
When Zhang Chenliang asked the netizen to send him the cockle, the other party "somehow" did not reply to Zhang Chenliang.
In the following time, Zhang Chenliang began to look for this cockle. After Searching for keywords such as "cockle" and "wing" on the Internet, Zhang Chenliang found that there is a place called Jiaomen in Fuding City, Fujian Province, and there is a local product: Jiaomen Fly cockle.
Following this clue, he found a photo of the Cockle flying cockle and a text introduction in a public article, which also had the gist of the idea that the cockle would grow wings and have eggs in the wings, and this wing could also make the cockle fly - just like Nie Huang.
Common sense tells Zhang Chenliang that the breeding method of cockles is to discharge sperm and eggs directly into the sea water, and do not lay egg bags at all. When discussing the matter, he and Liu Pan, a graduate student at Shanghai Ocean University, reached a consensus that both of them thought it was the egg of a conch, not the egg of a cockle, and it was nonsense to say that it was a wing.
For nearly three years, he had discussed it with many people and asked everyone to help him pay attention. Originally, he also wanted to go to Jiaomen, but it was not very convenient to go to this place, and even if he went, he might not encounter the birth date of "Wings".
In mid-April 2019, Zhang Chenliang went crazy on Weibo to collect a clue to "fly cockles". "I can't waste these ten million fans!" As he wished, sure enough, there was no waste. After the message was sent, Zhang Chenliang received two large boxes of flying cockles.
In fact, these cockles were divided into two ways, in addition to the copy received by Zhang Chenliang, there was also a copy sent to the Zeng Wenhui Laboratory of Xiamen University.
Zeng Wenhui used a microscope to find the larvae of the conch in the egg sack, and at the same time genetically tested the wings, and the results - the 18S2 gene fragment of the small wing is 99.86% similar to the diamond snail, but it does not match the COI gene of the diamond snail, which means that it belongs to the same genus as the diamond snail, but not the diamond snail.
Although the seed was not finally laid, Zhang Chenliang could make his own conclusions, he wrote in the "Notes on the Sea Mistake Map: Three" -
The wings on the shell of the "silk cockle" in "Sea Fault Map" are the eggs laid by a small conch of the genus Nucleus. In late spring, it crawls in shallow waters, scattering its eggs on the ocean floor and also on the shells of cockles exposed to mud. When people catch cockles, disturbed by the sea and the sea breeze, the egg sacs will swing gently, if you do not look closely, you may mistakenly think that the cockles are "flapping their wings", after adding oil and vinegar, there is a legend of fly cockles.
"The truth behind this small painting from the Kangxi dynasty has not been known for hundreds of years. This is the value of ancient naturalism. Details that are ignored by modern people, the ancients will record them. In dialogue with the ancients, we can pick up flowers. Zhang Chenliang said that in the process of his research and writing "Notes on Sea Mistakes, Three", such stories abound.
Probably Nie Huang did not expect that 300 years later, there was a like-minded "naturalist" with him who was so true that the clues he left behind continued to write such an interesting story.