How do you write a neuroscience paper? This is the answer given by the international authentic little peer experts!

#1

专家意见：Ideally, the conclusions section should not simply repeat the results and should provide something new, such as the broader implications and ideas for future work.

Translation: Ideally, the conclusion section should not simply repeat the results, but should provide something new, such as implications for future work and prospects.

Revisions: A meaningful conclusion should be presented at the end of the discussion of the article. It is suggested that the study should be summarized from the following aspects. (1) Describe the principles and generalizations revealed by the results of the investigation or experiment on the research object. What problems can be explained by the research results, what regularities can be obtained, what mechanisms or clinical problems are solved, and what practical value or significance can be found in theory or clinical practice. and (2) similarities and differences with previous studies. What tests have been carried out on the perception of the issues in question? What is consistent with the results of this experiment? What are the inconsistencies? What amendments, additions, developments, or negations have been made in this experiment? and (3) deficiencies or remaining problems in the study. Whether there are exceptions or problems that are difficult to explain or solve in this paper, further research suggestions can be proposed.

#2

专家意见：Illiterate and uneducated are not exactly the same thing, and this also introduces some redundancy. Please therefore consider removing this word.

Translation: Illiterate and uneducated are not exactly the same, which leads to repetitive descriptions. So, consider removing the word.

Revision: Illiterate means that one cannot read or write, and uneducated means that one has not received an education. When describing a patient's education, uneducated is more appropriate in this case, as the authors tend to set the other options as those with 6, 9, or 12 years of education (or primary, secondary, or university, etc.).

#3

专家意见：Please be aware of the distinction between ‘sex’ and ‘gender.’ Where ‘sex’ considers the biological differences between men and women, ‘gender’ encompasses the social and cultural concepts of male and female identities.

Translation: Note the difference between "sex" and "gender". "sex" refers to the biological differences between men and women, while "gender" refers to the social and cultural differences in male and female identities.

Revision: SEX should be used when used to indicate the gender of patients in general clinical studies; When it comes to psychological research, "gender" may be used, but attention should be paid to detection.

#4

专家意见：This seems repetitive. You have already mentioned several times that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is related to memory and abundant in the hippocampus. I think this introduction would read better if some of the ideas were streamlined. The ideas jumo around and repeat, making it difficult to form a straight line of logic from idea A to B to C.

Translation: This seems to be repetitive. You have mentioned several times that brain archetypal neurotrophic factors are associated with memory and are abundantly expressed in the hippocampus. I think the introduction would have been easier to read if it had been more concise. Your ideas are constantly repeated, and it is difficult to form a straight line logic from idea A to B to C.

Revision: The logic in the introduction, or even in the whole text, should be clear, and the logical relationship between ideas A to B and then to C will make it easier for the author to understand the experimental results and conclusions, and make the article easier to understand.

#5

专家意见：Please consider providing additional details in the methods. Although the specific details are described in previous publications, general details, such as the type of medium used and the type of microscopy used to examine the outcomes of these experiments, should be provided. Please also provide the seeding densities for all cell-based assays.

Translations: Consider providing more detailed explanatory information in your methodology. While specific details have been described in the study, general details such as the type of medium used, the type of microscope used to examine the results of these experiments, etc., should be provided. Please also provide the assay concentrations for all cells.

Revision: In many experiments, researchers often use the methods of predecessors, and many times they will simply refer to the methods of XX, but this is not good for reading, and it will also reduce the reproducibility of the experiment. The correct approach is to describe the reference study and describe the key information and information such as the steps/reagents/instruments that differ from the reference study.

#6

专家意见：Although you briefly mention that miR-491-5p is thought to interact with other proteins, this should be explored in more depth. Before examining the potential that this miRNA can be targeted in TBI therapy, the potential outcomes should be explored. Consider discussing the other possible interactions and how the up- and downregulation of this miRNA might affect other processes, in beneficial or harmful manners.

Translation: Although the experiment briefly mentions that miR-491-5p is thought to be a reference to interactions with other proteins, this should be explored in more depth. Potential outcomes should be explored before examining the potential role of this miRNA in TBI treatment. Consider discussing other possible interactions and how up- or downregulation of this miRNA can affect other processes in beneficial or detrimental ways.

Revision: In articles studying miRNAs, authors often describe the possible interactions of a certain miRNA based only on the results of bioinformatics, but for non-bioinformatics researchers, this description is insufficient, and this effect should be identified in the form of experiments, i.e., how miRNAs are upregulated or downregulated to affect other proteins or effects.

#7

专家意见：Consider indicating when this statistic was established and by whom.

Translation: Consider the statistical time and statistician who will state this epidemiological outcome.

Revision: In studies related to a disease, researchers often refer to the epidemiological data of the disease at the beginning of the introduction, and my suggestion is to use as up-to-date epidemiological data as possible, and clearly state by which institution/group/research team, etc., when the results were derived.

#8

专家意见：Do you mean the same imaging parameters were used for all examined sections? Consider indicating what type of microscope was used and what imaging parameters were used.

Translation: Are all parts of the examination using the same imaging parameters? Please specify the type of microscope as well as the imaging parameters.

Revision: When a microscope is used in an experiment, especially if multiple detection methods are used, the type of microscope used in different detection methods and the imaging parameters should be clearly stated. Observation of test results is also an important part of experimental reproducibility.

#9

专家意见：Was this done in a live or dead animal? If in a live animal, please indicate the method of anesthesia used.

Translation: Is this tested on live or dead animals? In the case of live animals, please indicate the method of anesthesia used.

Revisions: Attention should be paid to the description of animal ethics in experiments, and for studies involving animal suffering, the anesthesia should be stated.

#10

专家意见：Consider describing the BMEC culture and OGD model establishment prior to describing the assays used to measure them.

Translation: BMEC culture and OGD model establishment should be preceded by the description of the detection method.

Revisions: In the article, the authors often describe multiple experiments, such as cytology experiments, animal experiments, etc., and these experiments also involve a variety of detection methods, such as immunohistochemistry, western blot, etc. It is recommended to first describe the experimental process in the form of a diagram or table, then describe the modeling and intervention methods of cytology experiments and animal experiments, and finally describe these tests, and clearly describe what kind of tissue, cell, etc. are the samples to be tested in the test.