Urine is a barometer of good health, and its changes often reflect a variety of conditions in the body. Urine testing, as a routine item in physical examinations, is essential for early detection of diseases. Experts from the Department of Nephrology of Handan Mingren Hospital reminded that if the following conditions occur in the urine, it may be that the body is sending a "distress" signal.
How is urine produced? How much is normal?
Urine is mainly produced by blood entering the kidneys, first filtered by the glomeruli, and then absorbed by the renal tubules, and finally formed urine. The way of urine excretion is first excreted through the renal pelvis and enters the ureter, and the ureter peristalsis enters the bladder for storage, when the bladder stores a certain amount of urine, it will produce obvious urge to urinate, and finally the urine is excreted through the urethra. The daily water intake and excretion of normal people are in a dynamic balance, and the 24-hour urine output is generally 1500-2000mL. If the urine volume is less than 400 mL, it is called oliguria; greater than 2500mL, called polyuria; Anuria is diagnosed if the 24-hour urine output is less than 100 mL.
What does urine color usually represent?
Urine color is affected by factors such as diet, medications, exercise, and sweating. Normal urine is yellowish, if the urine is brown, it may be caused by too little water, hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria, or hematuria, as follows:
1. Drinking too little water will cause the urine to stay in the bladder for too long, which will then concentrate the urine, aggravate the color, and appear as a strong brown color.
2. If the urine color is red wine or soy sauce color, it may indicate the presence of hemoglobin and myoglobin in the urine, and the body may have severe intravascular hemolysis, such as blood group incompatibility transfusion reaction, hemolytic anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, or ischemic myonecrosis, crush syndrome and other diseases.
3. Common causes of hematuria:
Physiologic causes: Physiological hematuria may occur after strenuous exercise, which is more common in people with thin body shape.
Pathological causes:
(1) Medical hematuria: common in kidney diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, as well as immune system and blood system diseases, which may lead to hematuria.
(2) Surgical hematuria: common causes include infection, stones, and tumors. Surgical hematuria infection is usually accompanied by urinary tract irritation such as urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria. In older people, hematuria should be ruled out. The tumour presents with painless gross hematuria and a large number of red blood cells on microscopic examination.
(3) Hematuria caused by venous hemorrhage: the amount is relatively small, the color is dark, and it may appear as light brown color. The cause of its occurrence is complex, and it is necessary to combine the accompanying symptoms with necessary auxiliary tests to confirm the diagnosis and treat it accordingly.
What causes foamy urine?
Foamy urine may be caused by liver and kidney diseases, bladder diseases, diabetes, high blood pressure and other reasons caused by proteinuria, concentrated urine and other phenomena, so that the foam does not disappear for a long time or disappears slowly. If it is caused by pathological factors, it can be treated with medication with doctors; If it is caused by a physiological cause, it usually resolves spontaneously.
Everyday precautions
1. The key is to do a good job of personal hygiene every day, change underwear frequently, wear cotton breathable underwear as much as possible, and use alkaline soft lotion to wash. Avoid washing in the washing machine with other clothes and dry in a ventilated place to prevent bacterial contamination.
2. We should improve bad living habits, avoid holding urine, and develop a good habit of drinking more water, which is the most basic and simple way of daily health care. Patients with urinary catheters should replace the urethral catheter drainage bag in time as required, keep the suspension height below the pubic symphysis, perform bladder function exercises, pay attention to the hygiene and disinfection of the urethral opening, and drink more water to keep the urine drainage smooth.
3. Pay attention to urine routine examination, which is the easiest and most convenient way to check the urine condition. Even if there is no abnormal sensation in the body and the urine condition cannot be observed with the naked eye, the urine routine physical examination can directly reflect the urine condition and provide a golden indicator for urine testing. Please pay attention to the warning signs given by the body, no matter what kind of abnormalities occur in the body, please go to a regular hospital in time for treatment, so as to achieve early prevention, early diagnosis, early treatment, and be the first person responsible for your own health.
Source: Handan Mingren Hospital