Iran has been ravaged by United Kingdom and Tsarist Russia in modern times. Tsarist Russia wanted territory, and Azerbaijan was successfully cut off by them. What United Kingdom wants is ports and markets, and the ports in southern Iran have long been held by the United Kingdom.
The Qajar dynasty of Iran reached the end, even the end of the Qing Dynasty could not be compared, in 1907, the already small territory, under the operation of Britain and Russia, was divided into three, the north is the sphere of influence of Tsarist Russia, the south is the sphere of influence of United Kingdom, and the Qajar dynasty can only govern a small part of the middle.
After the fall of Tsarist Russia in 1917, United Kingdom took advantage of the situation to intend to dominate Iran, so in 1919 it tried in vain to take Iran's military, financial and other powers into its own, completely turning the Iran Qajar dynasty into its own protectorate.
However, no matter how loud the United Kingdom's wishful thinking is, it cannot withstand the large-scale opposition of the Iranians. Under these circumstances, Reza Khan, a patriotic officer of Iran, in order to escape this colonial fate, took the opportunity to obtain military power in the country, thus replacing the Qajar dynasty in 1925 and establishing the Pahlavi dynasty of Iran.
During World War II, Reza Khan was laid off
Under Reza Khan's rule, Iran began to carry out Westernized reforms, and in terms of education, medical care, industry, infrastructure, etc., all of them were on par with Western modern countries. He even sent a large number of international students to the West to learn advanced science and technology, among which his son Pahlavi was one of them.
Iran was originally a religious country with a lot of tradition. But by doing so, Reza Khan completely secularized the country. This caused a strong resentment among the traditional clergy clergy.
The clergy naturally hope that Iran can follow the path of retroization, even if it becomes a colony, and preserve the clergy's rightful status. Reza Khan's reforms completely left aside the clergy, which was naturally taboo in religious countries. This also laid the groundwork for the later fall of the Pahlavi dynasty.
At that time, United Kingdom still firmly controlled Iran's oil business, and the Soviet Union replaced Tsarist Russia in a vain attempt to get its hands on northern Iran. Under these circumstances, Rezahan had to avoid dealing with United Kingdom and the Soviet Union as much as possible, and instead chose to trade with Germany, France, Italy and other countries.
This is a balancing strategy, and only if more powers are involved, Britain and Russia will not have an absolute say in Iran. But this incident also caused a lot of trouble for Reza Khan.
During World War II, although Iran was a neutral country, their position was too important. At that time, United Kingdom and the Soviet Union formed an alliance against Germany. The Allies needed to send large quantities of aid to the Soviet Union, and it was most convenient to go from Iran.
For this reason, United Kingdom and the Soviet Union forcibly sent troops to occupy Iran after Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, citing Iran harboring a large number of German technicians. In 1942, the United States came again, and these three companies divided Iran together. Iran became an important channel for the Allies to send supplies and equipment to the Soviet Union.
As for Reza Khan, it was miserable, because he refused to bow to United Kingdom and did not want to completely break with Germany, so he was ousted by Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union and replaced by his son Pahlavi.
Why did the Pahlavi king relinquish his authority so easily
When Pahlavi first took the throne, it was actually an empty shelf, and the real power was in the hands of Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union, and after Britain and the United States withdrew from Iran as agreed, the Soviet Union tried in vain to separate the Azerbaijan settlement in northwest Iran, for which the two sides remained deadlocked until 1946.
Pahlavi used this time to gradually control the army of Iran, and he understood from his father that if he had an army in his hands, then the Pahlavi dynasty could continue.
In 1951, Mossadegh, a reformist representative, became the voice of Iran, and he used the nationalization of oil to win the hearts and minds of the people, but also offended the United Kingdom. According to Mossadegh's plan, it was to completely supply Pahlavi and make him a constitutional monarch with no office or power.
However, Mossadegh's radical behavior offended the United Kingdom, so in 1953 Mossadegh was overthrown by the United Kingdom, and Shah Pahlavi gradually regained control of the situation in Iran.
After that, Pahlavi began to establish himself as a pro-Western monarch and began to reform according to Western standards. For example, giving women the right to vote, eradicating illiteracy in the country, land reform, etc.
As Pahlavi's reforms gradually take root in the hearts of the people, more and more people in Iran have insight. This is not a good thing for the clergy.
When you didn't have much culture, we could accept whatever we fooled you. But now that you have learned a lot of modern technology and culture, it will not be easy for us to fool you again.
Therefore, the clergy clergy was strenuously opposed to the Pahlavi reforms.
The Pahlavi kings, in particular, claimed to be royal descendants of the Persian Empire, so he desperately wanted to restore the influence of Persian culture in Iran. But Iran is a typical Islamic country, and since the Arab Empire conquered this land, it has not been able to escape Islamic culture.
This is also the biggest contradiction between Pahlavi and the clergy.
The clerical clique is about to be driven crazy by the Pahlavi father and son, who not only want to weaken the influence of the clergy, but also reduce the Islam rate in Iran. How can you get it if you don't stop it!
In the course of Pahlavi's reforms, a serious gap between the rich and the poor in the country was formed, which inevitably allowed some of those who got rich first to have sufficient privileges. Therefore, the Padres took advantage of this opportunity and launched a decisive counterattack in 1979.
The wealthy strata of the Pahlavi dynasty were confined to the cities, and the vast majority of rural and remote areas were in extreme poverty. In addition, in the process of reform, a large group of corrupt elements appeared. Therefore, most of the people contacted by the clergy were people who felt that their fate was unjust and rose up to do things.
Things soon progressed, and Pahlavi urgently contacted Lao Mei, hoping to get Lao Mei's support. As long as Lao Mei nods, he can use the army to defeat this clergy group.
As a result, Lao Mei asked Pahlavi not to be impulsive, because Lao Mei was also very disappointed in Pahlavi, and they actually had hope for the Khomeini Group, and it is estimated that their intestines were repentant.
Without Lao Mei's nod, even if Pahlavi forcibly dispatches troops, he will only stand on the opposite side of modern society and commit a series of crimes against humanity. Therefore, in the end, Pahlavi did not dare to use the army against the clergy, and finally allowed Khomeini to successfully obtain state authority.
Still want to restore? How difficult
Some time ago, Reza Pahlavi, the son of the Pahlavi king, visited Israel as the heir of the Pahlavi dynasty and received a high-level reception from Netanyahu.
This incident caused quite a stir, and some people believe that this is Pahlavi Jr.'s dream of using the power of Israel to complete the restoration of the country. So the question is, is this possible?
I think it's unrealistic, their family easily lost their authority at the beginning, and now they want to take it all back, how can it be so easy?
At least the people will no longer trust the willpower of their families.
To rule a country is not to see how much sense of justice you have, nor how shrewd you are, but to see whether your willpower is tenacious and whether you really have the courage to lead the nation to strength.
How can a person who easily bows his head in the face of difficulties have the ability to bring the nation to prosperity and strength? After Reza Khan was ousted, the reason why Pahlavi was still able to hold power was because although Reza Khan was defeated, at least he kept the bottom line, did not bow to the colonizers easily, and his willpower was tenacious enough.
But what about Pahlavi's performance? The people have given you a chance, but you are useless!
Besides, during the reign of the Pahlavi king, although some people became rich, it caused serious corruption, and the ruling class led by him himself lived in a drunken gold addiction, and was unable to change this situation, do you say this can not chill the Iran people?
As long as it can be reset, it doesn't matter whose pawn it is
In the eyes of the Pahlavi family, in the past, present and future, their family can become a pawn in the hands of others. During the reign of the Pahlavi king, wasn't he a pawn in the hands of Britain and the United States? This does not affect their authority in Iran at all.
Now that little Pahlavi is leaning towards Israel, he has the idea of returning to Iran with the help of Israel's power. Although this idea is a bit fanciful, it can be supported by a strong force.
What they want to do now is naturally to make friends with more powerful international forces, so that they can have a strong backing. One day, when Iran fell into the point of anger and resentment under the rule of that clergy group, everything fell into place.
As for who will share power and Iran's resources in the future, it really doesn't matter to the Pahlavis.