Red "Traces" Recall Root Pulse Shandong (XIV) 丨Yi Ma Three Commanders: The three brothers of the Ma family who sacrificed their lives for the anti-Japanese struggle to save the country

Editor's note: As an old revolutionary area of Shandong, this red hot land has not only cast the Yimeng spirit of "water and milk blending, life and death and coexistence" between the military and the people, but also bred generations of red gene inheritors, from Wang Gemei and other major representatives of the CPC, to the people's servants Jiao Yulu and Kong Fansen, and then to the model of the times Zhu Yanfu and Li Denghai, etc. The deep-rooted red spirit has made the red culture tree take deep roots and leaf.

On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the public network poster news launched the special planning of "Red "Traces" Reminiscences of Roots and Pulses in Shandong", let us travel through the centuries together, dialogue history and the present, and witness the unceasing fire of faith, the blood inheritance of red genes, and the majestic power of the red spirit!

(From left: Ma Yaonan, Ma Xiaoyun, Ma Tianmin)

"One horse and three commanders, suffering from anti-Japanese diseases; they specialize in fighting Japanese ghosts and protecting the common people." This is a folk song widely circulated by the masses of the people along the Qinghe Plain in Northern Lubei and along the Jiaoji Railway in Luzhong during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, especially in the areas of Zouping, Changshan, Huantai, and Gaoqing. From a patriotic student to an excellent commander of the Eighth Route Army, Ma Yaonan made important contributions to the creation of the anti-Japanese armed forces in Qinghe District and the opening up of anti-Japanese base areas. Driven by Ma Yaonan, the second brother Ma Xiaoyun and the third brother Ma Tianmin took part in the fight against the Japanese and Kou and embarked on the revolutionary road, and successively sacrificed their lives for the country to become national heroes of the anti-Japanese war.

Commander Shusheng - Ma Yaonan

Ma Yaonan, also known as Ma Fangsheng, as the eldest of the three brothers of the Ma family, is well known to the people of the old district for his legendary experience of throwing pen from Rong to becoming a "shusheng commander". At the end of World War I, when China was forced to agree to Japan's right to replace Germany in Shandong, the 17-year-old Ma Yaonan was indignant about this, and he recorded his voice in a diary at the time: "We are going to drive imperialism out, we are going to be a real Chinese." At that time, he was studying at Jinan No. 1 Middle School in Shandong Province, actively participated in patriotic and anti-imperialist activities, and participated in the "Marx Theory Research Society" organized by Deng Enming and Wang Gemei, an early communist in Shandong, and received the enlightenment education of communism.

In 1933, Ma Yaonan was appointed as the principal of Changshan Middle School, adhering to the concept of education to save the country. After the Outbreak of the Lugou Bridge Incident, Ma Yaonan was determined to throw himself into the pen and fight against Japan to save the country. He wrote in his diary on August 15 of that year: "The artillery fire in Shanghai was extremely fierce, and the whole country had entered a state of bloody war. Self-care is still here to relax and relax, can not be ashamed of death! From now on, when we are particularly excited, we should seek to repay the country and obtain sacrifices at a greater cost, so that we can live in the world. Through the introduction of Lin Yishan, a member of the Communist Party of China, Ma Yaonan joined the Chinese national liberation vanguard and got in touch with the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. When formulating the plan for the armed uprising against Japan, the Shandong Provincial CPC Committee took Changshan Middle School as an important stronghold, successively sent Communist Party members Yao Zhongming, Liao Rongbiao, and Zhao Mingxin to Changshan Middle School, and set up a special party group of the CPC Changshan Middle School, which was directly under the leadership of the provincial party committee.

In the name of teaching reform, Ma Yaonan adjusted the curriculum and enriched the content of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the Salvation of the Country. Ma Yaonan supported and helped the party group to organize the "Anti-Japanese Support Association" in the school, establish a "People's Pioneers" organization, hold guerrilla tactical training classes, and make ideological and organizational preparations for the holding of an armed uprising. On December 25, 1937, Ma Yaonan participated in the Armed Anti-Japanese Uprising in Black Iron Mountain and established the first anti-Japanese armed force under the leadership of the Communist Party of China on the Qinghe Plain. Under his persuasion, the Changshan County Security Brigade also joined the rebel forces. In June 1938, the uprising troops were organized into the 3rd Detachment of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Detachment of the Eighth Route Army (later renamed the 3rd Detachment of the Shandong Column of the Eighth Route Army), with Ma Yaonan as its commander. In October of the same year, Through the introduction of Guo Hongtao, secretary of the Sulu-Yuwan Border Region Provincial Party Committee of the COMMUNIST Party of China, and Huo Shilian, political commissar of the three detachments, Ma Yaonan was honorably joined the Communist Party of China. He led his troops to fight the Japanese army many times, besieging Zhoucun, destroying Jiaoji Road, holding Zouping City, fiercely fighting Liu Jiajingzi, and severely damaging the enemy.

On July 22, 1939, Ma Yaonan and Yang Guofu led their troops into Niuwangzhuang, Huantai County, preparing to march east into Linzi after a short rest, and cooperate with the Ten Regiments led by Li Renfeng. Unexpectedly, due to the traitor's whistle-blowing, at more than nine o'clock in the morning, the ghost troops frantically rushed to NiuWangzhuang. Our army launched a counterattack, killing the enemy's corpses all over the field. At about two o'clock in the afternoon, Ma Yaonan and Yang Guofu thought that the time had come to move and decided to retreat. Yang Guofu asked Ma Yaonan to lead the headquarters to withdraw first. Ma Yaonan and his entourage got on their horses and galloped toward Dazhai Village, about a mile southeast of Niuwangzhuang. After entering the village, he was galloping eastward, but was ambushed by the enemy who was ambushed behind the firewood stacks on the east side of the street. Ma Yaonan unfortunately hit several bullets in a row, fell off his horse, crawled to the foot of a wall, and killed several Japanese soldiers with his pistol. When a Japanese army attempted to kill Commander Ma with a bayonet, Commander Ma broke the enemy's arm with the last bullet, dragged down the enemy and broke the enemy's brain shell with a pistol, and himself was martyred at the age of 37 due to excessive bleeding.

"Be a tough guy all your life, never make a boring groan, grit your teeth and fight against difficulties, and keep moving forward." This is the last oath that Ma Yaonan, an anti-Japanese warrior, left to his descendants. In order to commemorate the martyr Ma Yaonan, the Headquarters of the Third Detachment renamed the "Anti-War Theater Troupe" of the Political Department to the "Yaonan Theater Troupe"; the Prefectural Committee and The Qinghe District Prefectural Committee and the Office of the COMMUNIST Party of China held a solemn mourning activity, naming the founded school "Yaonan Middle School" (that is, the predecessor of Zibo Fifth Middle School) and Changshan County to "Yaonan County"; and Ma Yaonan ranked 20th among the 77 anti-war martyrs commended by Zhu De, commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army, "Victory in Sight, Unity and Forward--Writing to Commemorate the Fifth Anniversary of the War of Resistance."

Iron-blooded anti-Japanese Yingdan heart - Ma Xiaoyun

Ma Xiaoyun, also known as Ma Fanggao, is the second brother of Ma Yaonan. He joined the Northeast Army in 1924, and after the September 18 Incident in 1931, Ma Xiaoyun returned to his hometown and mobilized his villagers to support the northeast people's resistance to Japan, and at the same time raised guns and organized the Lianzhuang Association. After the outbreak of the National War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in 1937, he launched an anti-Japanese contingent in his hometown. At the end of the same year, together with his brother Ma Yaonan and younger brother Ma Tianmin, he participated in the Black Iron Mountain Uprising, and donated all 3 pistols and hundreds of silver dollars raised to the rebel troops. In April 1938, Ma Xiaoyun's department was organized into the 7th Detachment of the 5th Army of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Army, and Ma Xiaoyun served as the detachment leader. In July, he was appointed as the commander of the 7th Regiment of the Third Detachment of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Force of the Eighth Route Army.

In the summer of 1939, Ma Xiaoyun was ordered to lead his troops into the rear of the enemy and carry out the struggle against the enemy. He led the soldiers to carry out actions such as pulling out enemy strongholds, blowing up the Japanese army's powder depot, and destroying railways to derail Japanese military trains, which contained the enemy's "sweeping" against the Japanese base areas. On July 22, his brother Ma Yaonan, commander of the third detachment of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Force of the Eighth Route Army, was killed, which further aroused his determination to avenge his family and the country. In the same year, Ma Xiaoyun joined the Communist Party of China.

In the early summer of 1942, he returned to Shandong and served as the deputy commander of the Qingxi Military Subdistrict. During this period, the Japanese Kou frantically carried out the "campaign to strengthen public order," repeatedly carried out "iron wall encirclement" against the Japanese base areas, and implemented the barbaric "three lights" policy. Ma Xiaoyun led his troops in a tit-for-tat struggle against the Japanese army, executing traitors, killing traitors, and eliminating bandits, dealing a fierce blow to the arrogance of the enemy, creating a new situation in the anti-Japanese struggle in western Qingxi, and consolidating the anti-Japanese base areas in western Qingxi. After that, according to the needs of the struggle situation, the superiors approved the establishment of the Qingxi Commissioner's Office, and Ma Xiaoyun was appointed as a commissioner.

In January 1944, according to the instructions of the Shandong Branch of the Communist Party of China and the Shandong Military Region, the Qingxi Military Sub-district was changed to the 6th Military Subdistrict of the Bohai Naval Region, with Ma Xiaoyun as the deputy commander. In order to strike more effectively at the enemy, the troops operated in two ways. Commander Xu Yunxuan led one unit to fight south of the Xiaoqing River; political commissars Li Mancun and Ma Xiaoyun led one unit to remove the Wangjiazhuang stronghold in Qingcheng County. On August 10, the Battle of Wangjiazhuang began. After repeated battles, three of the four turrets in the stronghold had been captured, and the remnants of the Japanese puppet army shrank to a turret in the southwest corner to resist stubbornly, and our several attacks were unsuccessful. Ma Xiaoyun decided to blow it up with a large explosive package. He was afraid that the existing explosives would be damp and that there would be problems during the explosion, so he specially sent someone to bring sixty pounds of explosives. Ma Xiaoyun came out of the command post to check the quality of the explosives, and just then one of the enemy's shells landed on the explosives, and with a loud noise, the wall collapsed. Comrade Ma Xiaoyun was swept out of the south wall five or six meters away by the air wave of the explosion and sacrificed heroically.

Comrade Ma Xiaoyun's sacrifice brought great sorrow to all the commanders and fighters, but this grief immediately turned into anger to avenge the martyrs. Shouting the slogan of "avenge Deputy Commander Ma", they bravely rushed to kill, unstoppable, and soon blew up the turret, completely annihilated the enemy, and won the battle.

The head of the strong man is the fall of the party - Ma Tianmin

Ma Tianmin, also known as Ma Fangpu, is the third brother of Ma Yaonan. In 1937, he participated in the anti-Japanese war work, and in 1938, he formed the first detachment of the Fifth Army of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Army, and was later appointed as the leader of the first detachment, Ma Tianmin led the team to be active in the areas of Changshan, Zouping, Huantai, and Zhangqiu, attacking strongholds, breaking railways, and publicizing anti-Japanese resistance. In October of the same year, the CCP organization sent its organization and recruitment committee to solve the problem of troop supply, and Ma Tianmin raised a large amount of materials and funds, which effectively supported the anti-Japanese armed struggle.

On July 22, 1939, after Ma Tianmin learned the news of the death of his eldest brother Ma Yaonan, he was so sad that he could not eat for several days. Family hatred and national hatred dissolved together, making him hate the enemy even more. Due to excessive sadness, Ma Tianmin, who had been talking endlessly all day, became silent. However, he was not depressed by this, but on the contrary, he was more motivated by his determination to defeat the Japanese Kou and determined to fight and live like the eldest brother.

On the morning of October 13, 1939, someone sent information: there was a family in Daxinzhuang, West Daxinzhuang, Changshan City, where a gun was stored, and other comrades had gone to ask for it, but they had not come out. After Ma Tianmin received this information, he decided to personally get the gun. One of Ma Tianmin's guards, Li Ziyou, was from Xinzhuang, and a relative of Li Ziyou was a traitor in Changshan City. Not long ago, this relative bought Li Ziyou with a lot of money. Coming to Daxinzhuang to collect guns is actually a ruse by Li Ziyou and the Japanese devils and traitors in Changshan City who carefully planned to arrest Ma Tianmin. At dawn on October 14, when they were just about to get up at a friend's house in Daxinzhuang, suddenly there was a loud gunshot, and the enemy had surrounded Ma Tianmin. Ma Tianmin retreated while shooting, and when he withdrew to a cemetery southwest of Xinzhuang, the enemy formed a three-sided encirclement of Tianmin, and Ma Tianmin still insisted on fighting with the enemy. The Japanese devils and traitors approached Ma Tianmin and shouted that they would be caught alive. Ma Tianmin gritted his teeth and shot calmly, and the Japanese and traitors fell one by one under the muzzle of his gun. Finally, the enemy went crazy and fired fiercely at Ma Tianmin with machine guns and rifles. Ma Tianmin was shot several times, and he shed his last drop of blood for the cause of the liberation of the Chinese nation at the age of 29.

The gunfire stopped, and the fierce Japanese devils cut off Ma Tianmin's head, made a dummy, took a photo, and published it in Japanese fake newspapers to publicize the so-called "great achievements" in a vain attempt to suppress the anti-Japanese struggle of the Chinese people. However, the masses of the people in the Zou (Ping), Chang (Shan), and Huan (Taiwan) areas were not intimidated by the brutal acts of the Japanese aggressors, and they turned their grief into strength and threw themselves more actively into the anti-Japanese struggle. Soon, Li Ziyou's crime of collaborating with the enemy and plotting to kill Ma Tianmin was cleared up, and the party and the people executed this traitor who committed the most heinous crime.

The patriotic spirit and the spirit of the Red Revolution, who are not afraid of sacrifice and sacrifice their small family for everyone, have always inspired people. In March 1948, after the fourth liberation of Zhoucun, it was decided to build the Zhoucun Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery. In January 1961, the Zhoucun District People's Government moved the tomb of the "One Horse and Three Commanders" brothers to the Martyrs' Cemetery; in July 1999, the Zhoucun District People's Government moved the tomb of the "One Horse and Three Commanders" from the Zhoucun Martyrs Cemetery to Dabu Mountain, southeast of Zhoucun City (renamed the Zibo Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery in March 2000), and held a grand memorial activity. In August 2003, the Zhoucun District Committee and the District Government of the Communist Party of China designated the existing family house in Beiwang Village, Beijiao Town, where Ma Yaonan lived before his death, as "Ma Yaonan's Former Residence"; in June 2006, the Zibo Municipal People's Government approved it as a municipal key cultural relics protection unit and erected a monument to commemorate it.

(Sun Hao, editor of the poster news of the public network, comprehensive Xinhua net, China Heroic Martyrs Network, Zibo News Network, etc.)