One horse and three commanders, suffering from anti-Japanese disease. Specialize in fighting Japanese ghosts and protecting ordinary people. "During the War of Resistance Against Japan, such a song and ballad spread on the land of Qilu. So, what is the relationship between "one horse and three commanders"? What kind of heroic deeds did they all have in resisting the Japanese?
Ma Yaonan, commander of the third detachment of the Shandong Column of the Eighth Route Army, Ma Xiaoyun, deputy commander of the Sixth Military Subdistrict of the Bohai Naval Region, and Ma Tianmin, commander of the first detachment of the Fifth Army of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Army, were born in 1902, 1906, and 1910 in a relatively wealthy peasant and handicraft family in Beiwangzhuang, Changshan County (now Zouping County), Shandong Province.
At the middle school level, Ma Yaonan came to Jinan, the provincial capital, from Changshan, and had more opportunities to contact various social trends. At that time, the Qilu Book Club, which was founded by a famous progressive person in Jinan, met Wang Gemei and Deng Enming, who also often came here to read and buy books and periodicals, and often discussed social issues and became a friend with whom he had a lot of contacts.
In the political background at that time, although Ma Yaonan did not become a member of the Communist Party, he joined revolutionary groups such as the "Li Xin Society" and the "Marxist Theory Research Society" led by Wang Gemei, a major representative of the CPC, and Deng Enming, received Marxist enlightenment education, and took to the streets with Wang Gemei and Deng Enming to publicize patriotism and save the country and denounce the crimes of imperialism.
In 1924, Ma Yaonan was admitted to Tianjin Beiyang University. Under the situation of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists, Ma Yaonan joined the Kuomintang organization controlled by the Chinese Communists and had "no other forces" and was elected as a member of the Second Branch of the Kuomintang tianjin municipality. Under the eyes of the Beiyang warlords, Ma Yaonan risked imprisonment and beheading to start underground revolutionary activities and carry out the student and workers' and peasants' movement. In 1933, Ma Yaonan returned to his hometown and served as the principal of Changshan Middle School.
The 3 brothers pulled up the anti-Japanese team
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Ma Yaonan actively carried out the activity of organizing anti-Japanese armed forces while intensively propagating and mobilizing the masses to join the salvation movement. He decided to first mobilize his two younger brothers to rise up against the Japanese and mobilize them to pull the team.
One night at the end of August 1937, Ma Yaonan asked Ma Xiaoyun and Ma Tianmin to return home and told them the news of the frenzied aggression of Japanese imperialism against China after the "July 7 Incident." Ma Yaonan said decisively: "We cannot be slaves to the country, we should organize the people to take up arms and fight the Japanese devils to the end." ”
Ma Xiaoyun and Ma Tianmin both respected the eldest brother, and the eldest brother's words were right in the middle. Ma Xiaoyun said emphatically, "Let's pull the team and the little devils to do a big job!" After listening to the words of the two brothers, Ma Tianmin also shot up: "Okay! Pull the team and do it with them! In this way, the three brothers began to discuss the steps and methods of pulling the team and raising guns.
The news of Ma Yaonan's mobilization of an anti-Japanese contingent did not go away, and people from all walks of life were well aware of the prestige and appeal of the Ma brothers in the local area, among which the Kuomintang side also came to encircle Ma Yaonan in order to expand their political influence. Even Han Fuyu, chairman of the Kuomintang Shandong provincial government, said: "When Ma Yaonan pulls up the team, we must send him a person to be the commander." ”
After Ma Yaonan expressed his willingness to organize anti-Japanese armed forces, the Shandong Provincial CPC Committee attached great importance to it and immediately decided to send underground party member Yao Zhongming to Changshan Middle School to carry out work, and then sent Red Army cadre Liao Rongbiao and underground party member Zhao Mingxin to Changshan Middle School one after another to establish a party group headed by Yao Zhongming, which was also the first party organization in The history of Changshan.
In early November 1937, in order to pull up the anti-Japanese armed forces as soon as possible, Ma Yaonan and the party group decided to secretly organize an anti-Japanese guerrilla training class at Changshan Middle School. In order to prevent interference and damage, the training class was called "people's night school", and Ma Yaonan personally served as the principal.
On December 24, 1937, Japanese aircraft attacked zouping and Changshan. Liao Rongbiao, who has combat experience, analyzed that this was a reconnaissance bombing by Japanese devils, and it was likely that zouping and Changshan would be occupied in two or three days. To this end, Ma Yaonan and the party group resolutely decided that more than 60 teachers and students of Changshan Middle School would go to Black Iron Mountain to hold an armed uprising. Since then, the red flag of the Fifth Army of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Army has been erected high on the Black Iron Mountain, with Ma Yaonan as director and chief of staff of the Provisional Action Committee of the Fifth Army, Ma Xiaoyun as the commander of the Seventh Detachment, and Ma Tianmin as the commander of the First Detachment.
All three brothers were martyred
Beginning in January 1938, the Fifth Army of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Army won the Xiaoqinghe Ambush and the Battle of Sanguanmiao. In early March, as the Japanese army mobilized troops to attack Xuzhou, Ma Yaonan and friendly forces recaptured Zouping City. Relying on his social prestige, Ma Yaonan gathered representatives from all walks of life to establish an anti-Japanese democratic government. This was the first democratically elected anti-Japanese county-level political power after the beginning of the Shandong War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, when the rebel forces recaptured the county seat from the Japanese puppets.
When Ma Yaonan led more than 5,000 people to restore Zouping City, Shen Honglie, chairman of the Shandong Provincial Government and deputy commander of the Sulu Theater, sent someone to send a letter of appointment——— appoint Ma Yaonan as the "commander of the anti-Japanese column of the Lubei Bureau", and promised to send salaries and salaries immediately. In this regard, Ma Yaonan scoffed and tore the letter of appointment to pieces in person.
After that, the Fifth Army of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Army was reorganized into the third detachment of the Shandong Column of the Eighth Route Army, with Ma Yaonan as its commander. After telling deputy commander Yang Guofu about Shen Honglie's trick of using the high-ranking official Houlu to lure him into the arms of the Kuomintang, he said: "I Ma Yaonan will not eat softly and hard, and I will follow the Communist Party with one heart and one eye!" In October 1938, Ma Yaonan gloriously joined the Communist Party of China.
On July 22, 1939, when Ma Yaonan and Yang Guofu led their troops to Niuwang Village in Huantai District 4, Ma Yaonan was martyred due to the village's traitors. When the news came, Ma Tianmin was extremely sad and indignant. However, on October 14, Ma Tianmin was betrayed by the traitor Li Ziyou during his mission, and was also captured and killed by the Japanese prisoners during the breakthrough of his troops, at the age of 28.
After Ma Yaonan's sacrifice, the whole army was full of grief, and Zhang Jingwu, commander-in-chief of the Shandong Eighth Route Army, highly praised in the article "How the Shandong Eighth Route Army Opposed the Enemy's Sweeping": "Commander Wei Zhen Lubei's Horse Commander, a soldier born as a scholar, finally shed the last drop of blood for the Chinese nation. In the article "Victory in Sight, Unity and Forward" published in the "Liberation Daily" commemorating the 5th anniversary of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Comrade Ma Yaonan was also commended.
The news of the sacrifice of the eldest brother Ma Yaonan and the third brother Ma Tianmin strongly shocked Ma Xiaoyun. However, the enemy was schadenfreude and used Ma Yaonan's sacrifice to spread rumors that he died in an unclear way. In order to protect the anti-Japanese forces, the Shandong Provincial CPC Committee arranged for Ma Xiaoyun to go to Yan'an to study. After returning from Yan'an, Ma Xiaoyun successively served as deputy commander of the Qingxi Military Subdistrict and deputy commander of the Sixth Military Subdistrict of the Bohai Naval Region. In August 1944, in the Battle of Wangjiazhuang in Qingcheng, Ma Xiaoyun, who was commanding the battle at the front, was unfortunately shot and died heroically.
For more interesting news, pay attention to the public number: Wan Ru Qingyang