■ Reading prompts
As the longest section of the Grand Canal in China, all 64 villages along the Grand Canal have been recycled for sewage treatment.
Wastewater becomes "fertile water" and bubbles up to the farmland. Behind this is the new model of quality treatment of rural domestic sewage innovatively explored by the old city. Not long ago, this model was selected as the "National Demonstration Case of Rural Domestic Sewage and Black and Odorous Water Treatment", and was promoted to the whole country by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, which is the only one in Hebei.
From "sewage by evaporation" to "clean water around people's homes", how is the local rural sewage treated? Where does the governance money come from? How to manage the facility after completion? The reporter of this newspaper paid an on-the-spot visit.
How to treat it?
Decentralized collection and centralized treatment to maximize the utilization of sewage resources
On June 22, in Caokou Village, Jianguo Town, Gucheng County, I walked into the house of villager Wang Shufeng, and saw that the flowers and plants in the courtyard were lush and full of vitality.
"Since the installation of the sewage collection tank, domestic wastewater has not been splashed everywhere as before, and the family has realized the freedom to water flowers." Pressing the switch, the water flowed out of the hose, and Wang Shufeng began to water the flowers with the hose, and the water used to water the flowers was the tail water after the sewage collection tank was treated.
In Wang Shufeng's kitchen, the sewage from washing dishes and vegetables flows into the sewage pipe along the sink. Following the sewage pipe that extends to the outside of the house, the reporter came to the two manhole covers in the yard, which is the sewage collection tank, which can store half a ton of domestic sewage.
Wang Shufeng explained while opening the manhole cover: The domestic wastewater generated by the kitchen and washing at home, that is, the gray water, enters the first grid of the sewage collection tank in the yard through a set of indoor sewage collection pipe network, and the water after oil separation and precipitation flows to the second grid. The second compartment is equipped with a small water pump, which is connected to the toilet by a hose and can be used for flushing. At the same time, a three-way connecting hose is also installed here, which can be used for indoor dust suppression and watering of green plants.
Where does the endless tail water and the black water after flushing the toilet go?
Following a sewage suction truck, the reporter came to the Zhengkou Town Fecal Water Treatment Station, where the sewage collected by the sewage suction truck from the farmer's black water storage urn was stored and waiting for centralized treatment.
"We can process 50 tons of sewage per day, covering more than 3,800 households in 19 surrounding villages." Chen Hengxing, manager of the third-party operation and maintenance company of the treatment station, said that after sewage treatment, it can meet the agricultural irrigation standards stipulated by the state, and can meet the irrigation needs of more than 30 acres of surrounding farmland. The sludge and manure residue produced are made into organic fertilizer, which is used by surrounding farmers free of charge.
The "swallowed" sewage is "tempered" through multiple processes, and the reclaimed water that is "spit out" can continue to exert residual heat.
Near the manure treatment station in Zhengkou Township, villager Hu Fanglin is busy watering corn from the tail water of the treatment station.
On July 3, in Diao Xiaozi Village, Qinghan Town, Gucheng County, villager Zhang Xiujun watered green plants with purified tail water. Photo by Hebei Daily correspondent Qi Hongyu
"It's all reclaimed water." Hu Fanglin said that the treated wastewater can be used to irrigate farmland and vegetable gardens, and the wastewater becomes "fertilizer water", truly turning waste into treasure.
The sewage becomes clean and the countryside becomes beautiful. Walking by the south pond of Dongxue Village, Fangzhuang Town, the water in the pond is clear like a mirror, and the pastoral atmosphere of the beautiful countryside is intoxicating.
"This water used to be rural domestic sewage, but after treatment, it has become clear and bright water, and it depends on them for green irrigation in nearby villages." Su Yanjie, secretary of the party branch of the village, witnessed the sewage in the pit pond becoming clear, "In the past, the sewage in the village flowed everywhere, but now I can no longer smell the smell, and the environment is getting better and better." ”
Jia Changxu, director of the Gucheng County Branch of the Hengshui Ecological Environment Bureau, said that through this decentralized collection and centralized treatment of the "toilet and sewage treatment" model, the gray water in the farmers' homes can be comprehensively utilized on the spot, the black water is transferred to the sewage treatment station for centralized treatment, and the effluent is used for irrigation, greening or landscape water, etc., realizing the clean control, harmless treatment and resource utilization of rural domestic sewage.
In Jia Changxu's view, maximizing the utilization of sewage resources is an effective way to treat rural domestic sewage.
At present, the city has given priority to solving the domestic sewage treatment problems in key areas such as 13 townships and central villages, as well as villages along important water bodies such as the Grand Canal. Among them, as the longest section of the Grand Canal flowing through the county, all 64 villages along the old city section of the Grand Canal have realized sewage treatment and recycling.
How to build?
Low cost, high efficiency, find the path of "doing more with less money".
Nowadays, in the old city, the "micro treatment plants" scattered in various farmers, villages and towns have skillfully solved the big problem of sewage treatment, so that the original "laissez-faire" domestic sewage has been transformed into a bubbling clear stream that nourishes a happy life.
"Don't look at the simple pollution control equipment in the villagers' homes, every step has been carefully scrutinized and practiced." At Wang Shufeng's home, Zhao Quanyi, chief of the water section of the Gucheng County Branch of the Hengshui Ecological Environment Bureau, introduced, "Take this indoor sewage collection tank as an example, at the beginning, we designed a total of 0.1 cubic meters, 0.5 cubic meters, 1 cubic meter and 15 cubic meters of four specifications, after many tests and comparisons, the conclusion shows that 0.5 cubic meters is the most in line with the local reality." ”
This is because this specification will not cause odor due to excessive storage of gray water, nor will it overflow due to too small capacity, which is suitable for 2 to 6 people per household. The filtered water in the indoor area has been strictly tested and fully meets the irrigation and greening standards.
"The key to the treatment of rural domestic sewage is to adapt measures to local conditions." Zhao Quanyi, who has been working on the front line of rural sewage treatment, is deeply touched by this, "Due to the difficulty of collection and treatment, high cost and high cost, domestic sewage treatment has always been a prominent problem restricting the improvement of the rural environment. ”
As early as 2019, when the Gucheng carried out the rural sewage treatment action, Zhao Quanyi found that due to the small rural population, scattered villages, and large fluctuations in water quality and quantity, the laying of the pipe network faced problems such as large investment, difficult supporting facilities, and low utilization rate.
"We calculated the accounts, and at that time, each household only invested nearly 10,000 yuan in pipe network laying, not counting the later maintenance. If it is rolled out across the county, there will be huge pressure on funding. Zhao Quanyi said.
How to find a low-cost, high-efficiency, and scalable governance path?
Inspired by the rural toilet renovation work, after going out to learn from the experience of advanced areas, the local innovative put forward a new model of pollution control of "toilet sewage treatment, black ash treatment, decentralized collection, centralized treatment, and comprehensive utilization", combining rural sewage treatment with household toilet reconstruction, and selecting some pilot villages to start implementing "toilet sewage treatment".
Caokou Village is one of the first batch of pilot villages in the ancient city for "toilet pollution treatment".
"Can you really benefit?" "Is there any practical effect?" At that time, the voice of doubt repeatedly reached the ears of Wang Changru, secretary of the village party branch.
Nowadays, the villagers' incomprehension has gradually turned into recognition.
"Behind this recognition, in fact, it is to let the villagers see real changes and get real benefits." Wang Changru said that compared with the traditional centralized collection and centralized governance model, this new governance model does not need to consider the influence of factors such as the layout of the whole village, topography and landform, does not need to lay a large-scale pipe network, does not involve the demolition and restoration of streets and alleys in the village, and the design is relatively simple and the construction cost is low.
According to estimates, the cost of the construction funds of this model is between 1,700 yuan and 2,000 yuan per household due to the differences in the size of the house, the distribution of gray water generation, and the degree of hardening of the indoor ground.
It is worth noting that the method of decentralized collection and centralized treatment is adopted, and the wastewater is transported to a nearby treatment station for centralized treatment, so that the facilities will not be "basking in the sun" due to imperfect pipe network, blockage, leakage and insufficient water volume, and the operation efficiency of pollution control facilities will be improved.
On June 22, in the sewage treatment station of Zhengkou Town, the sewage treatment equipment was running in an orderly manner.
"In view of the difference between the concentration of grey water and black water, the treatment station selects an appropriate combination of terminal treatment processes, which not only enables the effective treatment of sewage, but also reduces operating costs and improves the comprehensive utilization rate." Chen Hengxing said that when used for farmland irrigation, nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus can be retained through appropriate operation technology; During the non-irrigation period or for other purposes, the operation process can be adjusted to strengthen the removal of pollutants and achieve the discharge standard.
In Jiangquan Village, Jianguo Township, verdant vegetable gardens are thriving, and the Grand Canal winds along the edge of the village. Last year, a small sewage treatment station was completed and put into operation in the village, and the treated water is used for irrigation, and the electricity cost per ton of water is only 0.1 yuan.
"Wastewater becomes 'fertilizer water', saving money and fertilizing the land, which can be described as a multi-task." Wang Zhirui, a villager who was watering vegetables, said that the reclaimed water has a high nitrogen and phosphorus content, and when used to irrigate the vegetable garden, it can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and save more than 200 yuan in water bills every year.
Open up the "microcirculation" and realize the source treatment; Unblock the "aorta", and the sewage suction truck regularly enters the house for collection.
At present, the old city focuses on source treatment, supplemented by end treatment, and builds a closed-loop chain of the whole process of sewage collection, transfer and treatment through the comprehensive use of new processes and technologies.
"We adhere to the combination of financial support, collective subsidies, and benefit payments, and in the end, this new model of pollution control, compared with the mode of laying pipe networks, saves about 78.8% of construction funds per household on average, which greatly reduces the pressure on government investment and fully mobilizes the enthusiasm of the masses to participate." Zhao Quanyi said that in addition, farmers do not have to bear the cost of installing sewage treatment facilities, and only need to spend dozens of yuan a year on the transfer of sewage suction trucks.
On July 3, at the Gucheng Town Fecal Water Treatment Station in Gucheng County, the staff was operating the manure treatment equipment. Photo by Hebei Daily correspondent Qi Hongyu
How?
Multi-party linkage and joint management to ensure that the management is easy to use
How can sewage treatment facilities be built affordably and used well?
At 9 o'clock on June 25, Wu Chunbao, a technician at the urban fecal water treatment station, first collected water samples at the outlet, and then analyzed the water quality to monitor the effluent quality.
He told reporters that the treatment station monitors the effluent water quality in real time, and once an abnormality is found, the process will be adjusted immediately to ensure that the effluent water quality meets the standard.
Building well is only the starting point, and managing it well can lead to the long-term.
"We implement multi-party linkage to form a normal state of operation and maintenance management." Jia Changxu said that based on long-term operation, the local government has established a "five-in-one" operation and management system, that is, unified leadership of the government, township implementation, village-level management, farmers benefit, third-party services, sewage treatment stations and transport vehicles entrusted to third-party institutions for unified operation and maintenance, operation and maintenance costs included in the county fiscal year budget, guaranteed by the county finance.
Professional people do professional things, which effectively improves the efficiency of management and maintenance.
Zhao Quanyi said that the technical personnel of the third-party organization undertake the operation and maintenance of the equipment of the sewage treatment station and implement the water quality monitoring system. At the same time, the environmental protection department implements a monitoring system combining regular monitoring and surprise inspection for the effluent from the centralized treatment station, and if it is found that it exceeds the standard, it will be dealt with in accordance with the law, and the operation and maintenance costs will be withheld according to a certain proportion to ensure that the effluent is stable and up to standard.
In order to make the sewage treatment facilities easy to use, the city has established a sound monitoring system, built a unified supervision platform for transport vehicles, and networked with the GPS of transport vehicles to realize the monitoring of the whole transportation process.
Walking into the Gucheng County Rural Toilet Sewage Intelligent Management Platform, a screen comes into view, and the county's sewage treatment situation is clear at a glance when the digital update beats. Liu Zeying, the person in charge of the platform, said: "The platform collects detailed information about sewage treatment in all towns and villages in the county, and tracks the transportation vehicles and scientifically dispatches them, so as to realize the informatization and intelligence of supervision." ”
On the public notice board of the old town sewage water treatment station, the responsible person and the supervision telephone number are clearly marked.
Zhao Quanyi said that in addition to the professional and technical personnel of third-party institutions, the environmental protection department has also hired part-time village-level supervisors to inspect the operation of sewage treatment facilities every day, and the evaluation results are used as an important basis for paying for expenses. If the evaluation results of the operation performance of the sewage treatment facilities are not good, the project expenditure budget will be reduced according to the evaluation results, and the allocation of operating costs will be reduced.
In Ximu Village, Sanlang Town, there is a "score board" hanging at the door of every house.
"Don't underestimate this little brand, it has a big effect." Feng Shutong, the first secretary of the party branch of Ximu Village, said that not long ago, the village combined credit scores with sewage treatment to mobilize the villagers' sense of responsibility and enthusiasm to participate in sewage treatment.
For example, during daily inspections, if indiscriminate sewage discharge is found, the villager's credit score will be deducted and the list will be publicized. Using credit points, villagers can redeem meal coupons for the village's "people's canteen" and "points supermarket" goods, and the villagers' enthusiasm for participating in supervision and management has been greatly enhanced.
At present, 27 sewage treatment stations have been built in the county, with a daily treatment capacity of 65,000 tons, benefiting 89,000 rural permanent residents. We plan to achieve full coverage of rural domestic sewage treatment villages in the county by 2025. Jia Changxu said. (Hebei Daily reporter Xing Yun Jiang Yan)
■ Reporter's observation
Explore the most feasible path according to local conditions
Rural revitalization and ecological livability are the key.
Building a livable, workable and beautiful countryside is the expectation of the majority of farmers. Domestic sewage treatment is an important part of rural environmental improvement and one of the important measures to comprehensively promote rural revitalization.
In order to treat domestic sewage, various sewage treatment stations have been built in some rural areas, but some have not been recognized by the masses because of large investment, low efficiency, and difficult operation and maintenance.
This shows that the real effectiveness of rural sewage treatment is inseparable from "adapting measures to local conditions and implementing precise policies". One of the outstanding highlights of pollution control in the old city is to start from the local reality and explore the most feasible path for yourself.
Compared with the traditional centralized collection and centralized governance mode, the governance model of the old city does not have a large-scale construction of pipe network, and the design and construction are relatively simple, and the operation and maintenance management is relatively convenient. In this way, it not only saves a lot of construction funds, but also avoids the "sunbathing" of pollution control and treatment facilities due to pipe network problems.
Not long ago, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and other departments jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Further Promoting the Treatment of Rural Domestic Sewage", which sent a clear signal, that is, when treating rural domestic sewage, all localities must be based on reality, classify policies, choose treatment models and technologies according to local conditions, and do not engage in "one size fits all".
In the process of building livable, workable and beautiful villages, in addition to the practices of the old city, there are many effective pollution control cases in our province. For example, the "Xiaosanyuan +" gray water resource utilization model piloted in five counties and districts of Chengde, the "toilet and sewage integration" sewage treatment model in Qiu County, and the town-belt village governance model in Wuyi, etc., these successful practices provide a reference for the province to continue to promote rural domestic sewage treatment.
Combing through these cases, it can be found that the paths and methods chosen in the treatment of rural domestic sewage are not exactly the same, but they have achieved remarkable results and won the recognition of the villagers. It can be seen that there is no unified model for the treatment of rural domestic sewage, as long as it conforms to the local topography, climatic conditions, economic development level, regional water environment quality improvement needs, farmers' production and living habits, etc., it is a suitable model.
Domestic sewage treatment is still a shortcoming in the current improvement of the rural living environment. Compared with urban areas, rural pollution control should accurately grasp the characteristics of rural sewage and find suitable treatment plans for rural areas under limited resources and funds. On the path of governance, highlight key areas and sensitive areas, advance by classification and echelon, and do not engage in "one-size-fits-all". In terms of governance mode, it is important to adapt measures to local conditions, one village and one policy, and scientifically select governance methods with mature technology, small investment, high efficiency, easy maintenance, and local characteristics.
No matter what path or mode is chosen, the starting point and end point of rural sewage treatment is to bring a sense of gain and happiness to the people. Therefore, how to treat sewage and how to build facilities, all localities should insist on starting from the interests of the people, not building for the sake of building, not engaging in "image projects", not engaging in short-term behavior, but making decisions on the basis of full research, doing their best and doing what they can, truly and effectively improving the rural living environment, and painting the most beautiful background color of rural revitalization. (Text/Hebei Daily reporter Xing Yun Jiang Yan)
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