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Amoxicillin (click to get the full medication information) has become a common family medicine for the public, and many patients will come to a few pills every time they feel that their body has "inflammation", but there are often cases such as poor drug effect or even disease progression, and as an outpatient doctor, I really feel "big head".
Irregular medication may lead to delays in the condition and even serious complications and adverse reactions. To this end, Jiexiaoyao has summarized the rational medication methods of amoxicillin, let's learn together!
Amoxicillin is a commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotic of the semisynthetic penicillin class. It has a strong antibacterial and bactericidal effect on most pathogenic gram-negative bacteria (including cocci and bacilli) and gram-positive bacteria, and can exert a bactericidal effect by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell wall, which can make bacteria quickly become spheroids and dissolve and rupture.
6 indications, easy to memorize
Amoxicillin is generally used to treat the following diseases caused by susceptible bacteria (non-β-lactamase-producing strains):
- Upper respiratory tract infections such as otitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and lower respiratory tract infections such as acute bronchitis and pneumonia caused by hemolytic streptococcus, pneumoniae, staphylococcus or Haemophilus influenzae;
- genitourinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, or Enterococcus faecalis;
- skin and soft tissue infections caused by Streptococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus or Escherichia coli;
- acute simple gonorrhea;
- typhoid fever, typhoid carriers and leptospirosis;
- Triple combination with clarithromycin and lansoprazole, or quadruple combination of the above three bismuth agents to eradicate gastric and duodenal Helicobacter pylori and reduce the recurrence rate of peptic ulcer.
Dosage for different dosage forms
Amoxicillin is commonly available in tablets, dispersible tablets, granules, and capsules.
➤ Tablets [1]
Table 1: Amoxicillin tablets dosage and dosage
➤ Dispersible Tablets[2]
- Adults take 0.5-1g (1-2 tablets) 3-4 times a day, and children take 50-100mg/kg of body weight 3-4 times a day.
- Uncomplicated acute urinary tract infections can be treated with a single oral dose of 3 g (6 tablets) or an additional dose of 3 g (6 tablets) 10 to 12 hours later.
- A single dose of 3 g (6 tablets) can also be used to prevent infective endocarditis and to treat gonorrhea, given 1 hour before intraoral surgery (eg, tooth extraction) and often with probenecid 1 g.
➤ Granules[3]
Take orally. Adults take 2-4 sachets once every 4 hours. Oral dosage for children and young children: 2.5 sachets for 8-12 years old, 1.5 sachets for 4-8 years old, 1 sachet for 1-4 years old, 2/3 sachet for 6-12 months, 0.5 sachets for 1-6 months, 3 times a day, taken with cold boiled water or by mouth. Or as directed by a healthcare professional.
➤ Capsules [4]
- Oral, adults 0.5g (1 capsule) once, once every 6-8 hours, daily dose not exceeding 4g (8 capsules). The daily dose for children is 20-40mg/kg according to body weight, once every 8 hours; The daily dose for infants under 3 months of age is 30mg/kg of body weight, once every 12 hours.
- Patients with severe renal impairment need to adjust the dose, including 0.25 to 0.5 g (1/2 to 1 capsule) every 12 hours for patients with endogenous creatinine clearance of 10 to 30 mL/min; Patients with endogenous creatinine clearance less than 10 mL/min 0.25 to 0.5 g (1/2 to 1 capsule) every 24 hours.
These precautions to keep in mind!
▎ Contraindications
Contraindicated in patients who are allergic to penicillins. Therefore, a penicillin skin test must be done before taking the drug, and positive patients are contraindicated.
Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction to penicillin, once it occurs, it must be rescued in time, immediately intramuscular epinephrine, the symptoms are not relieved, and the injection can be repeated several times until the patient is out of danger. If necessary, high-dose adrenocorticosteroids can be instilled intravenously, oxygen inhalation or artificial respiration can be given to patients with dyspnea, and tracheotomy should be prompted if laryngeal edema is obvious.
▎Medication for special populations
- People with a history of allergic diseases such as asthma and hay fever should use with caution;
- Dose adjustment is required in older people and when renal function is severely impaired.
▎Others
- Penicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacilli or Candida albicans infections may occur during amoxicillin treatment, and clinical use should be vigilant;
- Patients with infectious mononucleosis are prone to rashes when using this product, and should be avoided;
- Patients with a long course of treatment should have liver and kidney function and blood routine tests checked;
- Amoxicillin can cause false-positive urine glucose tests with Benedit or Fehling reagents.
Question from the Director:
What is the difference between amoxicillin and amoxicillin potassium clavulanate? How to choose?
Click on the cards below to see how many you don't know yet!
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(In no particular order; More medication zones, continuous update ing, stay tuned)
References:[1] Amoxicillin tablets Drug Instructions Guoyao Zhun Zi H13021771
[2] Amoxicillin Dispersible Tablets Drug Instructions National Drug Approval H20046416
[3] Amoxicillin Granules Drug Insert Approval Number HC20020001
[4] Amoxicillin capsules Drug Instructions National Drug Quasi-word H44021351