Chen Bingcai: Do intelligent robots have feelings?

Editor's note: As early as more than 20 years ago, director Spielberg showed us the human emotional expression of the robot boy with the film "Artificial Intelligence". With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, whether robots can have human-like emotions has become a hot topic in the scientific and philosophical circles. In this regard, the author skillfully combines traditional culture such as Chinese characters and religion with modern science and technology, makes profound insights and thoughts, and proposes the possible impact of biological robots on the future development of artificial intelligence.

Some people wonder if robots have feelings? Will intelligent robots be used in military scenarios with a sense of "I want to live", and if so, what will happen? Whether intelligent robots will have feelings and ideological consciousness like humans, and there will be answers to the question of what is going on and how to think and think.

Think, is the "phase, heart" two words up and down the combination, phase is "wood, eye" combination, wood represents the tree, see the tree, the eye is the seal, the image is the phase, such as the water shadow, such as the mirror image. The phase is generated by the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, reflection, perception of the external color, sound, fragrance, and touch. Seeing things and seeing colors, knowing that they are things and colors, and animals are too, so they know that there is "me", and there are external objects and environments. People and animals are moving objects, and seeing things and seeing people can react and give feedback, so it is said that people are thinking animals, animals with feelings and feelings (the sense of attention is reflecting, illuminating, and touching, and feelings refer to the six dusts, that is, the color, fragrance, and touch, the four major and the four great creations, and everything that people do, etc.).

Nian is a combination of "present and heart", and now represents the present and everything in the present, including states, realms, images, words, etc. The impression and image formed by the mind (including the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and mind) of the present moment are thoughts, and the difference between "thinking" and "thinking" is that the scope of time and space included in "thinking" is much greater than that of "thinking". Of course, if a thought is large, it can also contain information for thousands of years, which can be shown in information technology processing. For example, when you open a file, the whole file is displayed in an instant, but it takes time to read it. According to the literature, some high-ranking monks in the temple have cultivated to a high-level realm and can know the past and future, which is actually a state of transcending time and space with a thought. In fact, technological development, itself is a demonstration or extension of the function of the human body, but it is seen in myths, and all myths, verified by modern science and technology, have a path to realization.

There are several conditions for this trip: one is the contact between people and external objects (that is, the contact between the eyes, ears, nose, body and mind), the second is the body's qi and blood circulation and action, the third is that the eyes can illuminate and reflect the outside world and can obey the command of the mind, and the fourth is that the brain or heart has the consciousness of ingestion and output and makes corresponding behaviors.

The difference between the human eye, the heart and the water and the mirror is that you know that you have the instinct to record and have the instinct to distinguish and distinguish, such as color, size, soft and hard, etc., and more importantly, the human heart can search and extract the stored information, and the process of proposing has reasoning, analogy, splitting, combination, reference, etc., and making a time-lag response of varying speed and slowness. Water, mirrors, and other objects also have the function of imaging, but people do not know whether they have the functions of recording, remembering, and searching. As far as the current cognition is concerned, water and mirrors do not have the function of recording and remembering. Through storage, intelligent robots can search, combine, remember, and extract information, and may not have the thinking of splitting, borrowing, and jumping time and space. However, as long as the functions and characteristics of the human heart are given to intelligent robots and trained, it should not be a problem.

Through continuous learning and observation, people can continue to find problems, solve problems, give birth to new knowledge, and even have new inventions and creations, robots through learning, observation (input, photography, sensing and even high-end precision cameras and precision sensing, self-programming, etc.) can also be researched, innovative discoveries, people's understanding of the universe and nature, robots can also be completed in the future, at least the future of intelligent robots beyond the current top scientists of a discipline should be expected.

Will robots have human-like emotions and think that there is an "I"? Or even think "I need to live"? The reason why people have emotions is because of the constant repetition of "appearances and thoughts", which is "taking, grasping", so they give birth to joy, sorrow, love and hate, etc., and the "taking and clinging" and "joy" arise because there is love in the heart, and love is because there is "receiving" - the feeling, the image of receiving, and the phase are constantly repeated, copied and continuous. Does the robot feel it? All phases and seals are receiving, receiving comes from touch - input or ingestion, all reflections, inputs, and encounters are moments and processes that are touched, and there is taking because of touch - storing or imprinting and recording, that is, continuous receiving, so the robot has received (if it touches and gives up, it does not like it, and if it does not receive, it is wisdom and knowledge). The so-called "receiving" is actually a kind of "acquaintance" that does not disappear, record, and burn, when this kind of burning and recording is constantly repeated, that is, the recurrence of "thinking and thinking", people will have "receiving", or joy, joy, or trouble, depression, sometimes a kind of expectation, expectation, results, answers, etc.

In essence, all "thoughts and thoughts" are just the reluctance and repetition of language, words, concepts, and images, which is a kind of vanity and delusion, and there is nothing in the heart, and there is no gain or loss in the heart, but the heart is attached, expectant, and thinks that it is real, so there must be a result, the mind will let go, and the images and thoughts will not reappear. For example, when two people quarrel, hold grudges against each other, and are troubled, one party sincerely apologizes, softly comforts, and the heart is put down. These processes (everything that a person goes through), even if they cannot be recalled, the DNA is still completely documented and replicated in the inheritance of genes, which is the principle of heredity

Machines are made of materials and are ruthless, so robots don't have feelings. But "receive" is a kind of burning, the feedback is a kind of language, text, action, these can be imitated and designed and even empowered, from this point of view, as long as the robot is set up with a repetitive mechanism, and for different expressions, give different behavior action design, it is manifested as anger, happiness, violence, elegance, etc., then, the robot can have human feelings, and the robot actually has no feelings, but people think that this action has feelings - people give consciousness. Therefore, in foreign artificial intelligence research, there is a understanding: robots are the incarnations and doppelgangers of people.

It should be pointed out that the intelligence of intelligent robots is bionic and the setting of functional features, and the emergence of any feature and function requires the learning and training of information input, which is given by people. Although human instinct is endowed with acquired knowledge, instinct is not acquired, but innate. The function of the robot is derived from the characteristics of the material, such as reflection, reflection, induction, sensing, transmission, vibration, etc., and the second is from the technology itself, especially the research and development and manufacturing of human facial functions and material technology. The third is the empowerment and training of machines from human beings. Fourth, it comes from the kinetic energy that makes the intelligent robot run and the program operates itself under the guarantee of kinetic energy supply, which is different from human instinct. As long as kinetic energy is not supplied, the intelligent robot will not operate. Robots have human intelligence because they are empowered and intellectualized, not instinctive, and the robot itself cannot directly combine information, remember, use information or even generate emotions, nor does it have self-kinetic energy, so it cannot make actions and reactions to the environment beyond empowerment and intelligence.

Empowering feelings for robots has existed in ancient China. "Liezi Tangwen" describes the era of Qin Mugong, a craftsman can make a robot "advocate", at that time the robot had the ability to sing and dance, singing and dancing can be in tune with the rhythm and beat, and to Qin Mugong's concubine disgraced, Qin Mugong was furious. Today, the development of intelligent technology and materials science will definitely create human-like robots and even beyond the ability and service level of ordinary people. In the future, if robots are empowered to edit themselves, adjust programs, and constantly adapt to the needs of users, each robot will automatically become a robot that meets the needs of personalized services.

In the military scenario, will robots have the idea that I want to live? In principle, the robot itself does not have this instinct. With the development of modern science, the boundaries between humans and things tend to blur, and there is a channel between living things and non-living things. Man is an animal, and earth, water, fire, wind and its creations are divided into animals, plants, inorganic matter and organic matter. Plants seem to have no human feelings, earth, water, fire, wind, gold, silver, copper, iron, etc., but these things, when they reach the bodies of humans and animals, become components of life. After the death of a person, the four great ones, as well as gold, silver, copper, and iron, returned to nature, and no life was seen in them. The development of fertility and biotechnology has surpassed human cognition. Therefore, the combination of robots and biotechnology can have a self-starting program of "I want to live" and even "fight to live". The problem is that humans have to set up such programs for robots, especially to supply kinetic energy, and this kind of programs can behave according to the expected human behavior, especially the correct behavior, based on the stored information through cameras and inputs (radar, sensors, camera lenses). Overall, the gradual improvement of robots can completely surpass the ability of ordinary people. However, compared with humans, intelligent robots still have many shortcomings in visual and auditory responses

As a "sentient" person, he is a high-level animal in the earth's creatures, although all ruthlessness (the four major and plants) can benefit human beings, but the boundary between sentient and ruthless still exists, and the breaking of the boundary must be human empowerment, not machine instinct.

Does the intelligent robot have emotions and even the idea of my life? Distinguishing between the sentient and the ruthless, there is the answer.

There is a story in "Five Lantern Huiyuan". A Zen guest asked Zen Master Huizhong: If there is a Buddha nature in both sentient beings and ruthlessness, and if you kill sentient beings and eat their flesh, you will have a grudge against sentient beings, and cause and effect will be repaid. The damage is ruthless, eating grains, vegetables, fruits and chestnuts, etc., and I have not heard that I am guilty, and I take revenge on each other.

Huizhong: Affection is positive retribution, from the beginningless robbery, vain upside down, calculating what I have, and hateful, so there is resentment. Ruthlessness is retribution, and there is no reversal of hatred, so there is no retribution.

The difference between affectionate and ruthless is that people have love and hate, while things have no love and hate. Robots are things, they are ruthless, if they have feelings and thoughts, they are not their own, but people give robots feelings and thoughts, not their own self. However, through continuous learning, calculation, and the development of biotechnology, through the empowerment of programs and the diversity and richness of information selection, it is possible, even inevitable, for robots to gradually have a sense of "autonomous self", and even surpass the wisdom of ordinary people.

In fact, human beings are composed of caste (emptiness), earth, water, fire, and wind, and they are things empowered by caste. Human life is the four major gatherings, capable of moving, with thoughts and consciousness. The death of man, the dispersion of the four major consciousnesses, and the disappearance of ideology. Robots are things that are empowered by people, and the human form and the machine form are both things, and they are both empowered, and the difference lies in the innate and acquired. Therefore, the development of intelligent robots will really surpass people's imagination.

If a biological robot is created, the situation will be different if the cells and DNA of animals and plants are used to develop intelligent robots. The four major colors and the four major colors are not perceived by people as having consciousness, thoughts and feelings, and the physical world outside the human body is not felt by people to have a mind (active or conscious). But when these substances enter the human body, they have sensation and awareness, and people gradually become human beings from micro things, which is the accumulation and transformation of ruthless things, and there is a master behind it - the heart (not consciousness and thought). Biorobots have a biological, active, and heart, which will usher in a new era of artificial intelligence.

(Author: Academic Committee Member, Guohe Huaxia Urban Planning Research Institute)