Abstract:The marine aquaculture of crabs has high requirements for waters, and most of the mainland areas are far away from the coastal zone, so there are few marine aquaculture sites. According to statistics, from 2016 to 2022, the total output of crab aquaculture in mainland China has increased year by year, with a total annual output of more than 1 million tons, and the output of freshwater aquaculture is about 2.5 times that of marine aquaculture. Among them, the output of marine aquaculture fluctuated around 288,000 tons, and the output of marine aquaculture reached the highest in 2018, at 293,800 tons, a year-on-year increase of 2.72%; In 2020, the output of freshwater aquaculture decreased slightly, to 775,900 tons, a year-on-year decrease of 0.36%, and rebounded to 808,300 tons in 2021, a year-on-year increase of 4.17%.
1. Definitions and Classification
Crabs, are crustaceans whose bodies are protected by a hard shell and breathe by their gills. Taxonomicly, it is the same animal as shrimp, lobster, and hermit crab. The vast majority of crab species live in the sea or near the sea, and some inhabit freshwater or land, and the crab relies on the geomagnetic field to determine the direction. The main species of mainland crabs are hairy crabs, pike crabs, king crabs, blue crabs, brown crabs, flower crabs and stone crabs. The resources of mainland crabs are very abundant, among which the hairy crabs produced by Gucheng Lake hairy crabs, Taihu Lake hairy crabs, Gaoyou Lake hairy crabs, Yangcheng Lake hairy crabs, Xilou hairy crabs, Xinghua hairy crabs and Hongze Lake hairy crabs in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the top quality. Crab is rich in protein and trace elements, which has a good tonic effect on the body. Crab contains a lot of vitamin A, which is helpful for keratinization of the skin. Crabs also have anti-tuberculosis effects, and eating crabs is very beneficial to the recovery of tuberculosis. Crabs are rich in protein, high cholesterol and high purines, patients should self-control when eating, people with hepatitis and cardiovascular diseases should not eat crabs.
Second, industry policies
The policy background of the mainland crab industry is rich and diverse, which reflects the government's comprehensive support and standardized management of the crab industry. From the Jiangsu Provincial Government to promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas, to the Wuhe County Development and Reform Commission to promote the online sales of special agricultural products, to the Sanya Municipal Government to regulate the weighing and packaging of the seafood catering industry, the policy system has been continuously improved. In addition, the Changzhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs promotes the high-quality and green development of the crab industry through modern agricultural science and technology innovation, while the Bengbu Municipal Government excavates and builds the network brand of the crab industry through the high-quality development action plan of e-commerce. The release and implementation of these policies have provided a strong policy guarantee for the sustainable development of the crab industry, promoted the transformation and upgrading of the industry, improved product quality and brand influence, and helped to realize the green, efficient and sustainable development of the crab industry. Overall, the policy reflects the government's great attention to agriculture and rural revitalization, and lays a solid foundation for the future development of the crab industry.
Third, the development process
The development process of the mainland crab breeding industry spans thousands of years, from the early natural fishing to the modern large-scale farming, from the 60s to the 80s of the 20th century, the breakthrough of artificial crab seedling technology has laid the foundation for the exploration and start of crab breeding, although the initial scale is limited, but it has laid the groundwork for the subsequent rapid development. In the 90s, with the improvement of breeding technology and the growth of market demand, the output of crab breeding increased rapidly, forming a unique breeding model. Since 2007, in the face of the challenge of declining quality, the industry has begun to turn to the cultivation of high-quality crabs, and Jiangsu Province has become an important leader in the national crab industry with its excellent yield and quality. The crab farming industry in mainland China is gradually prospering and progressing, and while people are pursuing deliciousness, the pursuit and demand for crab quality and sustainability continue to increase.
Fourth, industry barriers
The development of the mainland crab aquaculture industry faces multiple barriers to entry. The limited seedling resources, germplasm degradation, disease risk and other problems make the acquisition of high-quality seedlings the primary problem for the development of the industry. The lack of funds restricts the expansion of the breeding scale of new entrants and the improvement of breeding technology, which further affects the improvement of production and efficiency. The lack of technical level makes it difficult for farmers to cope with the challenges of water quality regulation and disease prevention and control in the breeding process, which affects the breeding effect and the development of the overall industry. In addition, the limited sales channels of crabs, information asymmetry, price fluctuations and other problems make the sales price of crabs unstable, increase the risk of breeding, and further exacerbate the entry barriers of the crab breeding industry.
Fifth, the industrial chain
The overall situation of the mainland crab industry chain shows a development trend of close connection and interdependence between the upstream and downstream. The upstream link focuses on the breeding and supply of crab seedlings, and at the same time provides the infrastructure and equipment required for breeding to ensure the smooth progress of crab farming. As the core of crab farming, the midstream link realizes the healthy growth and high yield of crabs by mastering breeding technology and management experience. The downstream link is to promote the circulation and added value of crabs through diversified sales channels and the production of deep-processed products, and the current mainstream sales channels include aquatic product markets, farmers' markets, large supermarkets, online e-commerce, etc. The upstream and downstream of the overall industrial chain support and promote each other, jointly promote the healthy and sustainable development of the mainland crab breeding industry, provide high-quality crab products for the market, and meet the needs of consumers.
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