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In 1993, the COBE satellite captured an all-day microwave background image from space.
On the image, we can see that almost all galaxies in the universe are moving in an unknown direction, which coincides with the direction of movement of the Milky Way galaxy in which we are located.
What is even more strange is that this unknown gravitational source is not far from our position, only 150 million to 250 million light-years, but its mass is tens of thousands of times that of the Milky Way, and such a massive mass does not make it a distinctly "supergiant" galaxy.
In addition, the Milky Way is still a long way from this gravitational source, so will the Milky Way be torn apart by the giant gravitational source?
1. The speed at which the universe is in free fall.
The COBE satellite is a satellite launched by NASA to observe cosmic microwave background radiation.
The COBE satellite showed the motion of galaxies in the universe on a full-day microwave background image taken in 1993.
On the image, we can see the position and distance of galaxies, the galaxies in the center of the universe, then the light emitted by them will be stretched into long-wavelength red light, and the light emitted by these galaxies near the Milky Way will be stretched into short-wavelength blue light.
Therefore, the blue and red in the diagram represent the direction of the galaxy's movement, blue represents the galaxy moving towards the Earth, and red represents the galaxy moving away from the Earth.
By looking at the color distribution of the image, we can determine where the Milky Way is located and where it is moving.
According to the meaning of the color, blue is the largest proportion in the image, which means that most galaxies are moving in the direction of the Earth.
Looking further at the microwave background images taken by the COBE satellite, we can see that the Milky Way is located in the region of one of the huge red dots, and the Milky Way is moving in the direction of this red dot.
In the course of looking at the images, some researchers believe that the red dot may be caused by an unknown gravitational source, and that it may be the center of gravity of the galaxy cluster in which the Milky Way is located, and that other celestial bodies in the universe are moving around this red dot.
After understanding this information, we can understand that the Milky Way is in free fall in the direction of the red dot, because the galaxy is in free fall around the red dot, so the solar system and planets and other planetary bodies inside the galaxy will not collide, so in the process of free fall of the Milky Way, the motion between planets, stars and other celestial bodies will change, but this change is a slow and smooth change.
Scientists have studied the galaxy cluster in detail about the galaxy in which it is located, but in the end they have not been able to find the outline of the complete cluster on the image, and can only speculate on the density and temperature of certain areas on the image.
However, because these regions have changed over time and the evolution of the universe, this information does not help scientists understand the structure and shape of star clusters definitively.
Therefore, in order to better understand the galaxy cluster in which the Milky Way is located, scientists have simulated the galaxy cluster composed of the galaxy in free fall and free diffusion through the analysis of the galaxy cluster where the Milky Way is located, and used computer simulation methods to simulate the galaxy cluster composed of the galaxy in free fall, and obtained the geometric parameters and physical properties of the galaxy cluster, and finally fine-tuned the model of the galaxy cluster in which the Milky Way is located, so that the parameters such as the mass and radius of the galaxy cluster can be obtained.
Through mathematical calculations and theoretical derivation, the mass of the galaxy cluster in which the Milky Way is located is finally determined, and the mass of this galaxy cluster is about 2.1 trillion galactic masses, that is, the mass of the galaxy cluster in which the Milky Way is located is about tens of thousands of times that of the Milky Way.
A closer look at the all-day microbackground image taken by the COBE satellite shows that it captures not only the distribution of galaxies, but also the position of the Milky Way and the direction of the Milky Way's free fall.
As far as I know, in addition to the COBE satellite, some other satellites have also observed and photographed similar all-day microwave backgrounds, but I don't know much about these images, so I don't know whether the all-day microwave background images they take also have red dots similar to the images taken by COBE satellites, but this information undoubtedly plays an important role in the analysis and interpretation of the all-day microwave background they capture.
2. The Milky Way is falling towards the Great Gravity Source.
After observing and analyzing the all-day microwave background images taken by the COBE satellite, scientists found that when the Milky Way is in free fall, some of the galaxies above are also in free fall, but the gravitational pull of these galaxies does not come from the galaxies made by the Milky Way, nor from the galaxy cluster in which the Milky Way is located, but from an unknown gravitational source.
The location of this unknown gravitational source is about 150 million light-years to 250 million light-years away from the Milky Way, and the mass of this gravitational source is about tens of thousands of times that of the Milky Way.
Like other gravitational sources in the universe, the megagravitational source will exert a gravitational pull on nearby celestial bodies, so the galaxy cluster where the megagravitational source is located is composed of the megagravitational source and other galaxies, and the Milky Way is moving towards the galaxy cluster where the giant gravitational source is located.
So the Milky Way is falling in the direction of the giant gravitational source, then there will be a question of whether the Milky Way will be torn apart by the giant gravitational source, for this question, both astronomers and physicists, have seriously thought and studied it, but in the end they all came to the same conclusion.
First of all, since the Milky Way can survive intact, it will not be torn apart by the giant gravitational source in a short time, so the giant gravitational source is too far away from the earth, and the length and width of the galaxy cluster where the giant gravitational source is located are several trillion light-years, so it is completely impossible for the Milky Way to be torn apart by the giant gravitational source at present.
However, when gravity allows, it is possible for large celestial systems in the universe to be torn apart, and gravity allows for the accelerated expansion of the universe.
Astronomers and physicists have studied the causes of the accelerated expansion of the universe and have finally found that it is caused by the density of matter and energy.
When the density of matter and energy is greater than zero, the universe will contract, and when it is equal to zero, the universe will no longer continue to shrink or expand, and the cosmic equilibrium state at this time is a state of low energy, so such a universe does not exist.
When the density of matter and energy is less than zero, the universe will expand, and when it is equal to zero, it will enter a state of high-energy equilibrium, and the universe will stop expanding or contracting, and the energy level of the universe is the high-energy energy level we see.
In the energy levels of the higher energy levels, the universe will continue to expand, and in the process, eventually the density of matter and energy in the universe will become greater than zero, in this state, the universe will enter a state of equilibrium of high energy and low energy, and the universe in this state will accelerate expansion and eventually be torn apart.
3. The Great Tear of the Universe.
Scientists have formed a theory about the tearing caused by the accelerated expansion of the universe, that is, the great tear of the universe.
According to this theory, large celestial systems in the universe are torn to pieces at distances where the structure is stable inside and outside, and this theory is based on the mainstream cosmological theory that the universe periodically expands and contracts.
And, based on astronomers' observations and calculations of the universe, this theory is also tenable.
So how did the periodic expansion and contraction of the universe come about?
About 300 years ago, human observation and research on the universe began, but human understanding of the universe is still stuck in the universe is stationary, and now due to the development of science and technology, human understanding of the universe has changed significantly, and human beings have more understanding of the gravity of the universe.
Scientists have discovered that the universe is not static, but constantly expanding, so how did the universe come to be?
There is a theory that is more convincing.
At the beginning of the birth of the universe, it was a very small point, and then the Big Bang occurred, this theory is the most famous "Big Bang" theory, through the analysis and calculation of the matter and energy in the universe, it is found that the universe is gradually expanding after the "Big Bang", and then human beings can come to this conclusion.
But how did the expansion of the universe come into being after the Big Bang?
Although there are many theories that can explain this problem, this cycle of periodic expansion and contraction has not been proven, with Heble's law of "expansion" and cosmic background radiation, one can get some observational data about the expansion of the universe, but there is not enough evidence to prove that the universe must be periodically expanding and contracting.
Therefore, the existing observations and theories are relatively mature, for the unsolved problems, human beings have reason to believe that they can continue to study and explore in depth through the progress of science and technology, and the results are gratifying, for the mystery of the Milky Way is moving towards a giant source, astronomers and physicists still need to conduct more in-depth research, in the future, will definitely unveil the veil of this mystery for mankind.
epilogue
For the existing observations and theories, human beings have a certain understanding of the formation of the Milky Way galaxy towards the giant gravitational source, the formation of this unknown gravitational source and the development of the universe, but for the mysteries of the universe, we are still in the process of exploring and deciphering, the universe is so vast and mysterious.
For the movement and evolution of the universe, human beings need to continue to study and explore in depth, which is a difficult road, but it is also a magical road.
With the continuous progress of science and technology, human beings' observation and understanding of the universe will continue to deepen, and there may be more amazing discoveries and theories in the future, and in the future, there may be more miracles, which will be an extremely extraordinary journey.