May 12 is Mother's Day again.
On this day of thanksgiving,
The best gift for mothers,
There is nothing more than the love of children;
For children,
There is no greater wish than the health and happiness of a mother.
Xu Huijun, director of the Department of Gynecology of Haici Medical Group, introduced that cervical cancer, as a common gynecological malignant tumor, has always been a nightmare for women's health, which deserves more understanding and attention from mothers. At present, people's attention to this disease is gradually increasing, but there are still many women who have misunderstandings about cervical cancer.
The vast majority of cervical cancers are caused by persistent high-risk HPV infection. Persistent HPV infection is an important factor in the development of cervical cancer.
1. What is HPV?
HPV is human papillomavirus, which mainly infects skin and mucosal tissues, and is divided into low-risk and high-risk types. Common high-risk types are 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68. Among them, types 16 and 18 have the highest risk and are most associated with cervical cancer, and about 10% of women infected with HPV types 16 and 18 will develop high-grade cervical precancerous lesions within 3 years after infection. Low-risk HPV infection is mainly manifested by warts on the hands and feet and skin in specific areas.
2. Is HPV infection = cervical cancer?
Of course not. After HPV infects cervical epithelial cells, the genome of HPV is integrated into cervical epithelial cells, causing cervical epithelial cell lesions, and some patients infected with HPV cannot clear the virus by autoimmunity, resulting in persistent HPV infection. Some patients with persistent HPV infection develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, that is, cervical precancerous lesions, and if no intervention is done at this time, cervical precancerous lesions may continue to progress to cervical cancer.
From HPV infection to cervical cancer, it is a long process, probably taking more than 8-10 years. Women infected with HPV do not always develop cervical lesions or cervical cancer, and most healthy women can eliminate transient HPV infection by autoimmunity. Therefore, women with sexual history should be screened for cervical cancer regularly to detect HPV infection or cervical lesions as early as possible, so as to achieve early detection and early treatment.
3. Cervical screening program
Screening begins at 25 years, and women aged 25 to 64 years are screened with HPV testing or combined HPV + TCT every 5 years, or cytology with TCT every 3 years. Screening can be terminated in women over 65 years of age who have sufficient negative screening records (i.e., 3 consecutive cytology screenings within 10 years, or 2 consecutive HPV screenings or combined screenings, and the latest screening is within 5 years, and the screening results are normal), and there are no high-risk factors such as CIN or persistent HPV infection, and no history of treatment for HPV-related diseases.
Sun Xuan, director of the Second Department of Gynecology of Haici Medical Group, was a guest on the program "Famous Doctor Online" to introduce the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.
4. What is the three-step screening for cervical cancer?
Step 1: Combined cytology (TCT) and HPV screening. Examination is done by taking exfoliated cells from the cervix on the surface of the cervix. It is an important method for detecting precancerous lesions of the cervix and is the primary screening technique in the three-step ladder.
Step 2: colposcopy. Further examination of the anomalous results found in the first tier. Colposcopy can clearly observe abnormal changes on the surface of the vulva, vagina and cervix, so that the suspicious area can be biopsied and the obtained tissue can be sent to the pathology department for examination.
Ladder III: Histopathological examination. The clinician sends the tissue taken under the colposcopy to the pathology department, and the pathologist makes a definitive diagnosis of the pathological section.
5. What should I pay attention to before cervical cancer screening?
(1) Avoid sexual activity within 72 hours before cervical cancer screening.
(2) Do not rinse the vagina or use the suppositories inserted into the vagina within 24~48 hours before the examination, and do not perform intravaginal examination to avoid affecting the results.
(3) When there is acute inflammation of the vagina or cervix, the treatment should be carried out first to avoid filling the smear with a large number of white blood cells and inflammatory cells, which will affect the diagnosis.
(4) The examination is scheduled to be carried out during the non-menstrual period.
6. Route of HPV infection
It is basically transmitted by contact, that is, through contact between the skin and mucous membranes, or through the tools of third parties. It mainly includes sexual contact, close contact with sexual organs, indirect contact with the supplies of infected people, and mother-to-child transmission.
7. How to prevent HPV infection on a daily basis?
(1) Strengthen sexual hygiene, those who do not have a family plan are advised to use condoms correctly, and both parties should wash their reproductive organs before and after sex. If the man has a long foreskin, he should be treated promptly.
(2) Get vaccinated against HPV.
(3) Women with a history of sexual life should be screened for cervical cancer regularly, including those who have been vaccinated against HPV, and intervene as soon as it is detected.
(4) Develop good living habits, improve immunity, and put an end to repeated vulvovaginal infections.
Introduction to Gynecology
As one of the first batch of key disciplines of traditional Chinese medicine in Shandong Province, the Department of Gynecology of Qingdao Haici Medical Group is a key discipline of Qingdao City, a characteristic specialty of traditional Chinese medicine in the health industry of Qingdao City, a specialty of traditional Chinese medicine menstrual diseases, and a special outpatient clinic of traditional Chinese medicine (special technology) approved by the Qingdao Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission - infertility special disease outpatient clinic, dysmenorrhea special outpatient clinic, Qingdao traditional Chinese medicine pregnancy and recuperation guidance clinic, and the introduction of the national famous Chinese medicine professor Lian Fang Studio. The department has perfect facilities, complete medical equipment, strong technical force, and has first carried out a number of external treatment methods with traditional Chinese medicine characteristics in the province, including traditional Chinese medicine collapse, traditional Chinese medicine retention enema, traditional Chinese medicine fumigation, microwave physiotherapy, etc., and the introduction of the latest cervical HPV infrared therapy instrument, combined with traditional Chinese medicine treatment, the effect is certain.
Introduction to the Department of Gynecology II
The Second Department of Gynecology of Qingdao Haici Medical Group is a key clinical specialty at the municipal level in Qingdao, a minimally invasive specialty in Qingdao, the chairman unit of the Gynecological Minimally Invasive Branch of Qingdao Association of Integrative Traditional and Western Medicine, a member unit of Shandong Gynecological Endoscopy Specialty Alliance, a member unit of Shandong Pelvic Floor Disease Specialty Alliance, a member unit of Peninsula Pelvic Floor Medicine Alliance, and a member unit of Jiaodong Peninsula Gynecological Minimally Invasive Surgery Alliance. The outpatient clinic has a general outpatient clinic, a specialist outpatient clinic, a pelvic floor diagnosis and treatment room, an outpatient treatment room, a colposcopy room, a family planning operating room, a gynecological color ultrasound room, and 36 open beds in the ward. Minimally invasive, precise, fertility protection, and uterine protection are the characteristics of the department in the treatment of gynecological diseases. The discipline has five subspecialty directions: gynecological oncology, endometriosis, cervical lesions, pelvic floor diseases and reproductive rehabilitation, and gynecological endocrinology. It has advanced medical equipment such as 4K fluorescence laparoscope, hysteroscopy, hysteroscopic planing system, photoelectric integrated colposcopy system, sharp knife, Leep knife, non-invasive matrix radiofrequency pelvic floor repair therapy instrument, pelvic floor magnetic stimulation therapy instrument, etc.