Logistics is a network system connecting producers, sellers, and consumers, and plays an increasingly important role in the modern economy. The linkage development of manufacturing and logistics industry is not only an important means to promote the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry and improve competitiveness, but also the basic way to promote the development of the logistics industry, which plays an important and key role in the transformation of the mainland from a manufacturing country to a manufacturing power.
The linkage development of manufacturing and logistics industry refers to the manufacturing and logistics industry based on industrial linkage, the manufacturing logistics business and the logistics operation of logistics enterprises are united, and industrial cooperation activities are carried out to jointly promote the development of both sides. The basis of the linkage development of the two industries is the industrial association and industrial division of labor, and the driving force is the operation mode of industrial cooperation and supply chain, the essence of which is mutually beneficial behavior, and the main body is the enterprise. The linkage development of manufacturing and logistics industry is a dynamic process, which can be roughly divided into four stages: embryonic stage, initial stage, growth stage and mature stage. At different stages, the content, mode, relationship, cost and benefit of the linkage between the two industries are different.
With the help of the Internet, Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other technologies, the logistics industry is undergoing earth-shaking changes, and the outstanding performance is the construction of smart logistics. Smart logistics will eliminate information asymmetry, improve the logistics system, realize the leap in the service level of the logistics industry, accelerate the modernization process of China's logistics industry, and promote the revolution of China's logistics industry through the recombination and efficient connection of logistics resource elements.
First, the connotation of smart logistics
IBM proposed the concept of "smart earth" in 2008, and in 2009, it proposed to establish a future-oriented supply chain with three characteristics of advanced, connected and intelligent, and generate real-time information through sensors, RFID tags, brakes, GPS and other devices and systems "smart supply chain". In 2009, Obama proposed a "smart earth" as a national strategy for the United States, believing that the next stage of the IT industry is to make full use of the new generation of IT technology in all walks of life to achieve a "smart" state. On August 7 of the same year, Premier Wen Jiabao put forward the concept of "sensing China" in Wuxi, saying that China should vigorously develop Internet of Things technology. In 2010, "actively promote the integration of 'three networks' and accelerate the R&D and application of the Internet of Things" was written into the "Government Work Report" for the first time, and the Internet of Things was officially listed as one of the five emerging strategic industries in the country. In this context, combined with the current situation of informatization development in the logistics industry, considering that the logistics industry is the first industry to contact the Internet of Things, and it is also the first industry to apply the Internet of Things technology to realize the intelligence, networking and automation of logistics operations. In 2009, the Information Center of China Logistics Technology Association, Huaxia Internet of Things, and the editorial department of Logistics Technology and Application took the lead in putting forward the concept of "intelligent logistics" in the industry.
The concept of smart logistics is proposed in line with the historical trend, and is also in line with the new development trend of automation, networking, visualization, real-time, tracking and intelligent control in the modern logistics industry, and in line with the development trend of the Internet of Things, which is conducive to reducing logistics costs, improving efficiency, controlling risks, saving energy and environmental protection, and improving services. After the concept of smart logistics was proposed, it received great attention from experts and scholars, and smart logistics was selected as one of the top ten key words of logistics in 2010. However, at present, the research on smart logistics is still in its infancy, and the understanding of smart logistics is not mature, and there is no unified and widely recognized concept of smart logistics. China Internet of Things School-Enterprise Alliance believes that smart logistics is the use of integrated intelligent technology, so that the logistics system can imitate human intelligence, with thinking, perception, learning, reasoning and judgment and the ability to solve some problems in logistics, that is, in the circulation process to obtain information to analyze information and make decisions, so that goods from the source to be tracked and managed, to achieve information flow faster than the real logistics, through RFID, sensors, mobile communication technology and so on to make the distribution of goods automated, information and networked.
Some scholars in mainland China believe that smart logistics is a kind of modern comprehensive logistics system supported by information technology to realize system perception, comprehensive analysis, timely processing and self-adjustment functions in all aspects of logistics such as transportation, warehousing, packaging, loading and unloading, circulation processing, distribution, and information services, so as to realize the wisdom of logistics organization, discovery, innovation and system wisdom.
The focus of smart logistics is on the intelligence of the logistics process, the key is to integrate modern information technology, network communication technology, automatic perception and analysis decision-making technology, as well as the Internet of Things, sensor network, and the Internet to be widely used in the logistics process, which can implement real-time management and control of personnel, machinery and equipment, infrastructure, information, and operations involved in the logistics process, and realize the digitalization, informatization, automation, networking, integration, controllability, intelligence, flexibility, and agility of the logistics process. Finally, we can improve the efficiency of logistics and realize the harmonious relationship between logistics, people and nature.
Second, the basic functions of smart logistics
Smart logistics usually has the following basic functions:
(1) Perceptual function. The use of infrared, laser, wireless, coding, addressing, automatic identification, positioning, contactless power supply, optical fiber, database, sensors, RFID, satellite positioning and other technologies in one of the optical, mechanical, electrical, information and other technologies in one of the various advanced technologies to obtain transportation, warehousing and other logistics aspects of a large amount of information, real-time data collection, so that all parties can accurately grasp the goods, vehicles and warehouses and other information, the initial realization of perception wisdom.
(2) Regularization function. After sensing, the collected information is transmitted to the data center through the network for data archiving. Establish a powerful database, add new data after classification, make all kinds of data organized according to requirements, and realize the connection, openness and dynamics of data. By standardizing data and processes, we promote cross-network system integration and achieve organized intelligence.
(3) Intelligent analysis function. Use intelligent simulator models and other means to analyze logistics problems. Hypotheses are put forward according to the problems, and the problems are constantly verified and new problems are discovered in the process of practice, so as to achieve the combination of theory and practice. During operation, the system will call the original empirical data by itself, and find loopholes or weak links in logistics operations at any time, so as to realize the wisdom of discovery.
(4) Optimize decision-making functions. Combined with specific needs, evaluate cost, time, quality, service, carbon emissions and other standards according to different situations, evaluate probability-based risks, conduct predictive analysis, make collaborative decisions, and propose the most reasonable and effective solutions, so as to make the decisions made more accurate and scientific, so as to achieve innovative wisdom.
(5) System support functions. The wisdom of the system is concentrated in the wisdom of logistics is not an independent and unrelated logistics system for each link, but a system in which each link can be connected, communicated, share data, and optimize resource allocation, so as to provide the most powerful system support for all aspects of logistics, so that all links can cooperate, coordinate and collaborate.
(6) Automatic correction function. On the basis of the previous functions, according to the most effective solution, the system automatically follows the fastest and most effective route to run, and automatically corrects the problem after it is found, and is on file for easy future inquiry.
(7) Timely feedback function. The logistics system is a system that is updated in real time. Feedback is an indispensable part of system correction and system improvement. Feedback runs through every link of the smart logistics system, providing a strong guarantee for logistics-related operators to understand the logistics operation and solve system problems in a timely manner.
Third, the implementation of smart logistics basis
(1) Information networks. Information network is the foundation of the smart logistics system. The information collection, exchange and sharing, and instruction issuance of the smart logistics system rely on a developed information network. Without accurate and real-time demand information, supply information, and control information as the foundation, the intelligent logistics system cannot screen, organize, and analyze the information, and it is impossible to find the problems to be optimized in the logistics operation, let alone make creative optimization decisions, and the entire intelligent system is impossible to talk about.
(2) Network data mining and business intelligence technology. Network data mining and business intelligence technologies are the key to realizing intelligent systems. How to screen, analyze, and process massive information, extract valuable information, realize the wisdom of regularization, and discover wisdom, so as to provide support for the intelligent decision-making of the system, must rely on network data mining and business intelligence technology. And on this basis, the solution is automatically generated for the reference of decision-makers, and the combination of technical wisdom and human wisdom is realized.
(3) Good logistics operation and management level. Good logistics operation and management level is the guarantee for the realization of a smart logistics system. The realization of smart logistics requires a good level of logistics operation and management. Practice has proved that without a good level of logistics operation and management, the blind development of information systems will not only fail to improve performance, but will be counterproductive. Only by combining the smart logistics system with a good logistics operation and management level can we realize the system wisdom of smart logistics and give full play to the synergistic, collaborative and coordinated effects.
(4) Professional IT talents. The realization of smart logistics requires the efforts of professional IT talents. The logistics industry is a professional-intensive and technology-intensive industry, and without talents, it will be impossible to start with the screening, analysis and even application of a large amount of information. The application of smart technology and the combination of technology cannot be carried out.
(5) Transformation of traditional logistics to modern logistics. The completion of smart logistics must realize the transformation from traditional logistics to modern logistics. The intelligent traceability network system of the product, the visualization of the logistics process, the intelligent management network system, the intelligent enterprise logistics distribution center and the intelligent supply chain of the enterprise to be realized by the smart logistics must be built on the basis of "integrated logistics". If the traditional logistics industry does not transform into a modern logistics industry, smart logistics can only be local intelligence rather than system wisdom.
(6) The organic combination of logistics technology, smart technology and related technology. The logistics system can only be realized with the support of the organic combination of logistics technology, intelligent technology and related technologies, and the two complement each other. Only by applying these technologies can we realize the perception wisdom, organization wisdom, discovery wisdom, innovation wisdom and system wisdom of smart logistics. These technologies mainly include new sensing technology, EDI, GPS, RFID, barcode technology, video surveillance technology, mobile computing technology, wireless network transmission technology, basic communication network technology and Internet technology.
Fourth, the implementation steps of smart logistics
(1) Improve basic functions. The key to improving the basic functions lies in improving the integration of existing resources and the comprehensive utilization of facilities. Strengthen the macro coordination and functional integration of logistics infrastructure planning, make the spatial layout of logistics infrastructure more reasonable and functional, and gradually improve the support capacity of various transportation service modes for logistics infrastructure, the operation and network service capabilities of logistics infrastructure and the informatization level of logistics infrastructure.
(2) Develop the wisdom of logistics modules. The design of the intelligent logistics system can adopt the module design method, that is, the system is decomposed into multiple parts, designed one by one, and finally combined into a satisfactory system according to the optimization principle. In terms of the perception and memory function of smart logistics, it includes basic information maintenance module, order receiving module, transportation tracking module, and inventory management module. In terms of the regular discovery function of smart logistics, it is mainly the scheduling module, which is the core module of the business process. By providing users with intelligent support such as sorting, classifying and summarizing orders according to key items, and detailed transportation vehicle status inquiry, it helps to complete the classification of orders and the production of dispatch orders. The innovative wisdom of smart logistics is mainly manifested in the analysis and decision-making module. The system provides powerful report analysis functions, and decision-makers at all levels can see the analysis results they care about. The system wisdom of smart logistics is reflected in the integration of technical tools, logistics management, and supply chain management. The logistics system is integrated with other systems to form a supply chain-level management information platform.
(3) Establish goals and programs. The construction goals of smart logistics include building a multi-level smart logistics network system, building a number of smart logistics demonstration parks, demonstration projects, and industrial bases, and introducing a number of smart logistics enterprises. The construction steps of the smart logistics system: build a logistics infrastructure platform, strengthen the construction of logistics basic functions, develop some of the most important logistics information management software, complete the management function of service sharing and the multiplication service function of auxiliary decision-making, and further improve the online transaction function of the logistics information platform.
(4) Discovery, standardization, and wisdom of implementation, innovation, and system realization. First, use sensors, RFID, and smart devices to automate the processing of cargo information for real-time data collection and transparency. Secondly, on the basis of all parties can accurately grasp the information of goods, vehicles and warehouses, the information is screened through data mining and business intelligence, valuable information is extracted, and the problems, opportunities and risks are found out, so as to realize the systematic standardization and discovery of wisdom. Finally, the intelligent simulator model and other means are used to evaluate the cost, time, quality, service, carbon emission and other standards, evaluate the probability-based risk, carry out predictive analysis, and realize the networked planning and execution with optimized prediction and decision support, so as to realize the innovation intelligence and system intelligence of the system.
Fifth, the implementation mode of smart logistics
(1) Third-party logistics enterprise model. Third-party smart logistics is different from traditional third-party logistics systems. Customers can place orders directly online, and then the system standardizes the orders and transmits them to third-party logistics companies through EDI and the Internet. Third-party companies use sensors, RFID, and smart devices to automate shipment information, enabling real-time data collection and transparency to accurately understand goods, weather, vehicles, warehouses, and more. Evaluate cost, time, carbon emissions, and other criteria to deliver goods to customers safely, timely, and accurately by using intelligent simulator models and other means.
(2) Logistics park model. In the construction of smart logistics parks, it is necessary to consider the advanced nature of the information platform, the integrity of supply chain management, and the security of e-commerce, so as to ensure the rapid and safe operation of business flow, information flow, and capital flow in the logistics park. The smart park should have a good communication infrastructure, share the information platform system, and provide information support means for industry management to improve the level of industry management. Establish a smart distribution center to enable users to place orders in a timely and accurate manner, so as not to break the orders required by users as much as possible, and ensure that ordering, shipping and distribution information are unimpeded.
(3) Large-scale manufacturing enterprise model. The large manufacturing enterprise model requires that each object in the manufacturing enterprise can provide data about itself or the objects associated with it, and be able to communicate this data. In this way, each object has the ability to acquire, process and communicate data, thus building a network composed of a large number of smart objects. On the basis of the smart object network, all item information can be connected to form the Internet of Things. In this way, companies have perceptual intelligence and can obtain all relevant information about inventory, production, markets, etc., in a timely, accurate, and detailed manner. Then, through the wisdom of regulation and discovery, the problems, opportunities and risks are identified, and then the correct decisions are made in a timely manner by the innovative wisdom to produce products that meet the market demand as soon as possible, so as to achieve the maximum benefit of the enterprise.
Correspondent: Cui Yaoxin