The Announcement of the State Food and Drug Administration, the Ministry of Public Security and the National Health Commission on Adjusting the List of Psychotropic Drugs, which was announced on April 30 and came into force on July 1, 2024, includes dextromethorphan in the management of Class II psychotropic drugs. So far, the levorotators, dexrotators, and racemates of methorphan have been listed. So, where does the term "methorphan" come from?
Methorphan has two types of optical isomers, left-handed and right-handed, which are mixed in equal amounts to form racemates. On May 9, 1955, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the Recommended List of International Non-Generic Drug Names (INB) 01, which officially adopted racemethorphan as the international generic drug name for methorphan racemate.
A search of the academic search of Reading Show and the database of CNKI showed that in the article "Methorphan Methorphan· HBr）”。 The article "Pharmaceutical Analysis", No. 5, 1976, "Foreign Medical Reference Materials, Pharmacy Volume", mentions "right methron". The article "Progress in the Study of Drug Metabolism of Optical Isomers" in the 11th issue of the Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Industry in 1990 mentioned "levomethorphan". Wu Nengcan et al., edited in 1997, published in the book "Drug Name Manual", mentions "Dextromethorphan". The above are the earliest sources of the words "methorphan", "memorphan", "mephyrane" and "methorphan", all of which refer to Chinese words for methorphan. Among them, "methylmorphan" is a reduction of "3-methoxy-N-methylmorphine", and "methoxy-N-methylmorphine" is a reduction of "3-methoxy-N-methylmorphine", and the two words belong to paraphrase; "Methorphan" is a pure transliteration of methorphan; "Melphene" is a half-transliterated and half-literal translation.
The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia") only contains the name of methorphan dextronat, but does not include the names of racemate and levorotator. The 2010 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia included "dextromethorphan hydrobromide", "dextromethorphan hydrobromide capsules", "dextromethorphan hydrobromide sustained-release tablets" and "dextromethorphan hydrobromide granules" for the first time; The 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia added "dextromethorphan hydrobromide oral solution", "dextromethorphan hydrobromide tablets" and "dextromethorphan hydrobromide for injection", all of which have continued to this day. "dextromethorphan" used in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is the legal name of the substance, but the legal names of racemate and levorotator have not been determined.
A search of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Orange Book database shows that historically, only dextromethorphan has been approved for marketing as a drug, and levomethorphan and racemic methorphan are not drugs. In 1954, Roche of Switzerland obtained a patent for dextromethorphan for central antitussive. In 1958, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved dextromethorphan as an over-the-counter drug to replace codeine, another central cough suppressant that was being abused at the time. At present, in the United States, there are many types of dextromethorphan preparations and they are widely used. At present, the U.S. Controlled Substances Act lists "Levomethorphan" and "Racemethorphan" in Schedule II, but does not control dextromethorphan.
At present, only dextromethorphan drugs are listed in the mainland, and its unilateral preparations include dextromethorphan hydrobromide ordinary tablets, dispersible tablets, sustained-release tablets, chewable tablets, soft capsules, granules, oral solutions, syrup, sustained-release suspensions, nasal drops, drop pills, lyophilized powder for injection, injection, etc.; There are 40 kinds of compound preparations, such as aminophen memine tablets and compound aminophen methax oral liquid.
What is the status of methorphan control in the mainland? In the annex to the "List of Narcotic Drugs" annex to the "Notice of the Ministry of Health on the Implementation of the Measures for the Administration of Narcotic Drugs" published in 1988, there are "Levomethorphan" and "Racemethorphan". The 1996, 2005, 2007 and 2013 editions of the Catalogue of Narcotic Drugs all included "levomethorphan" and "racemethorphan" in the management of narcotic drugs. After the adjustment of the list of psychotropic drugs, "dextromethorphan" was included in the list of Class II psychotropic drugs.
What is the process of the control of dextromethorphan in the mainland? On May 18, 2001, the Notice of the State Drug Administration on Publishing the Second Batch of National Non-prescription Drug Catalogue included five preparations of dextromethorphan hydrobromide in the management of over-the-counter drugs: "compound dextromethorphan hydrobromide syrup", "dextromethorphan hydrobromide dispersible tablets", "Meiyu pseudohemp tablets", "mesol pseudohemp capsules" and "Yumei tablets". This continued until 2021. The announcement of the State Food and Drug Administration on the conversion of dextromethorphan hydrobromide oral unilateral preparations to prescription drugs published on December 16, 2021 stipulates that "the oral oral unilateral preparations of dextromethorphan hydrobromide will be converted from over-the-counter drugs to prescription drugs. In Annex 1 "List of Varieties", 11 kinds of dextromethorphan hydrobromide unilateral preparations are exemplified, including ordinary tablets, dispersible tablets, chewable tablets, sustained-release tablets, capsules, granules, oral solutions, solutions, syrup, sustained-release suspensions, and drop pills. Since then, dextromethorphan hydrobromide has been prescribed as an oral single formulation, but its combination is still an over-the-counter drug. The Announcement of the State Food and Drug Administration on Issuing the Prohibited List of Drugs for Online Sales (First Edition) released on November 30, 2022 included "dextromethorphan oral unilateral preparation" in the list of drugs prohibited from online retail. From July 1, 2024, dextromethorphan monolithine will become a drug in the legal sense.
(The author is a professor at the Department of Criminal Justice, Zhejiang Police Vocational College)
END
Source: China Anti-Drug News
Editor: Niu Xiaoliang
Proofreading: Yu Hongqing
Review: Wang Jin
Issued: Shi Qinghua
A wonderful review of previous issues
-
Come and watch this show
- One person turned himself in! There are Chinese people involved in the case
- Wuhan has actively built a "four-level" drug prevention and education position
- The suspect is a friend! The police reported the case of "cement sealing the body".
- Burn! A "icebreaker operation" was staged at a highway intersection!
- Chen Wenqing emphasized at the seminar on the study and implementation of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law by leading cadres of politics and law, and the in-depth study and implementation of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law should be made to prevent and resolve major risks
- The son behaved abnormally after smoking "cigarettes", and his father took him to turn himself in......
- The first-class merit × 15, and the second-class merit × 295! Why is this "post-90s + post-00s group" so good?
- 1 minute! The "post-00s" police flew on the streets to catch drug dealers!
- Wuhan's new policy has landed, and we should be cautious in choosing schools this year!
- These three "nets" are getting denser and denser!
- Letting go of oneself during probation and taking drugs willfully? Imprisoned!
- He was arrested four hours later in a hit-and-run drug-driving accident......
- 30°C + hail? Hubei's three warnings are issued at the same time! Heavy rain, torrential rain is coming
- They are "tearing up"!
- Legend has it that it "cures all diseases", and the man believes it......
- The woman went to the police station to do errands, but was targeted by the police......
- What's New! The cough suppressant dextromethorphan is listed!
- Drug addicts and trafficking gangs trade with dark coins! The details of "black eats black" were disclosed →
- "This is a yellow flower seedling, not a poppy ......" The police asked the truth!
- Straight to 31°C! What happens next......
Come and watch this show
Submission email: [email protected]
Contact number: 027-67128340