Take stock of the top 10 special forces in the world

1. The San Marco Field Battalion, Italy

The multinational peacekeeping force in Lebanon was not very successful between 1982 and 1984 and certainly did not succeed in fulfilling its political objectives. However, the actions of the country's own military detachments were quite good, and one of them, in particular, from Italy, won a notable amount of appreciation, which was provided by the San Marco battalion of the Italian Marine Corps, an elite unit of the Italian armed forces.

　　The main combat members of the San Marco battalion were the 1,000-strong Italian Marine Corps, whose members were to be trained as all-round marines, especially for amphibious landing operations. They are also all trained to skydive. Their mission is to provide the ability to support the amphibious operations of the Mediterranean Fleet of Italy and NATO.

　　organization

　　The San Marco battalion can be divided into three parts: an operational group with 4 companies; Logistics supply groups and training groups. The sea transportation of the battalion was provided by two former tank landing craft (LST) of the US Navy: Carol and Gradu. Because the battalion was so important, the Italian Navy planned to build a new ship, a 7,667t amphibious transport dock, with a wide flight deck for helicopters and a tank/vehicle deck with the ability to rise/descend. It entered service at the end of 1967. The battalion's combat vehicles include M113A1 armoured personnel carriers, 10 LVTP-7 amphibious landing vehicles and 30 VCC-1s, while an Italian-made Mll3 modification is being replaced.

　　Weapons & Equipment

　　Camp San Marco is one of the special units that issue Beretta AR70 5.56mm rifles. They tested the standard AR70 and the SC70 version with a folding stock. All Italian armies now use the Ar70/90 (see section on Alpine Forces).

　　On the other hand, the San Marco battalion was also armed with the standard Italian army armament of the Beretta PMl2 9mm submachine gun; Beretta 9mm pistol and 7.62mm MC42/59. The latter is a well-known German weapon of World War II and is manufactured under license from Rheinmetall. The rate of fire of this machine gun was reduced, but in practice, it was the same as the MG3 of the German Army.

　　uniform

　　The San Marco Marines wore plain and easily recognizable Italian uniforms, as well as steel helmets that had not changed for 4o years; He wore a black beret and the lion badge of St. Mark on the cuff of his right hand, with a golden lion-red background.

　　The Marines of St. Mark's dress code for battle were the same as those of ordinary soldiers, but for parades they were required to wear naval uniforms and be decorated with St. Marha's lion insignia, which was worn over the medal belt on the left chest, and the Marines wore it on the cuffs of their long- and short-sleeved shirts. This peculiar hybrid uniform is unique.

2. Russian Airborne Forces

　　The Soviet Army was the initiator of the initial period of airborne operations. It set up a paratrooper unit in 1931, and during the 1935 exercises, 2,500 paratroopers made airborne landings, which surprised Western observers invited by Stalin. Today, they have the largest airborne force in the world: seven divisions, backed up by airdropable armored vehicles and a huge helicopter gunship.

　　The Airborne Forces are a division of the former Soviet Army, but are not directly subordinate to it. They are directly subordinate to the Ministry of Defense and are considered strategic reserve units. It was just before World War II. The removal of so many officers practically destroyed the airborne forces of the Red Army, so that between 1941 and 1945 paratroopers were never able to compete with the German or Allied forces. They fought only on a small scale, and most of them ended in defeat. The Airborne Forces were constantly at a disadvantage due to the lack of transport aircraft, and the paratroopers of the Red Army were used as elite infantry throughout the war.

　　During the years when NATO and the Warsaw Pact were in a state of confrontation, the Airborne Forces were trained to be the vanguard of the former Soviet Union in its war against Germany. They were ready to raid the crossings of major rivers, such as those crossing the Weser River, which would hold off a (British) legion halfway. This is very similar to the Allied attack on Arnhem during World War II: Airborne troops descend deep behind enemy territory to capture important strongholds and hold them until further ground forces break through the line and combine with them. While most of the other Soviet ground forces emphasized their offensive tactics during the exercises, Soviet paratroopers rigorously trained defensive tactics to resist the inevitable counterattack. Again, unlike other units of the former Soviet Army. The airborne division also emphasized close combat in densely populated areas.

　　Airdrops rely on surprise, aircraft fire support, and missiles or nuclear, biological and chemical warfare (NBC) weapons to suppress the defenders. Airdrops are usually carried out under cover of night, as close as possible to the target area. In order to increase the mobility of paratroopers on the ground, the former Soviet Union invented an armored personnel carrier that could be airdropped to a stronghold.

　　The Airborne Forces have been the vanguard in several military operations in recent years. The 103rd Airborne Division raided Prague Airport in 1965; The 105th Airborne Division led the first assault in Kabul during the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan. At the time of the war in Afghanistan, the Airborne Forces confirmed their worth. The guerrillas were terrified of the ability of the Airborne Forces to penetrate deep into their base areas and launch surprise attacks.

　　organization

　　All seven Soviet airborne divisions were in the first category, although the 1066th Janissary Airborne Division in Ryazan usually played the role of a training unit. The 44th Airborne Division had only the basic skeleton for paratrooper training. When the 105th Janissaries Airborne Division was disbanded in 1980, the Airborne Forces were once again reorganized, and its base in Bagren, Afghanistan, was taken over by the 103rd Praetorian Airborne Division, which operated throughout the war. And in the late 80s, when President Mikhail Gorbachev withdrew his Soviet troops, he left them with airborne armored combat vehicles (BMDs) to the Afghan government.

　　The strategic mobility of the Airborne Forces is still subject to the availability of transport aircraft. According to current estimates, they have only enough aircraft of one division for long-range airborne attacks. In close quarters, they might be able to drop 2 or 3 divisions at the same time. In addition, airborne divisions can also choose to enter the battle without BMD and heavy equipment. Because about 600 sorties of II.-76 aircraft were needed to lower a division, but only 40 of them were for transporting personnel. More than 100 sorties were needed to lower the BMD, and closer to 450 to transport more than 1,000 trucks and motor vehicles needed for each division's operations.

　　In addition to the permanent airborne divisions, there are a number of (helicopter) transport assault battalions attached to the army and several air assault brigades. The latter are also trained as paratroopers, some with BMDs, but they do not have helicopters: they rely on the front-line air force of the former Soviet Union to support them in special operations. The total number of these brigades is about 2,500 men, while the airborne division consists of more than 6,500 men, consisting of: 3 airborne regiments (3 units with a total of about 15oo personnel), an air defense battalion (sA-7 missiles and ZU-23 anti-aircraft guns), an artillery battalion (D-30 122mm howitzers), an engineer battalion, a communications battalion, a reconnaissance company, a nuclear, chemical and biological protection company, a transport battalion, a maintenance battalion, and a medical battalion. Although few women serve on the front lines, some female medical personnel serve in the Airborne Forces in Afghanistan.

　　Selection & Training

　　Tank and motorized infantry divisions contain a significant proportion of untrained recruits at any given time, and the Airborne Forces admit only the best candidates for the annual conscription. Like the Strategic Rocket Forces, the Airborne Forces accept only soldiers who have already passed some training, and many may have already learned to parachute in youth paramilitaries. By the standards of the former Soviet Army, its airborne training was also extremely difficult. The airborne division has a much higher percentage of professional servicemen than other units of the former Soviet Army, as well as long-serving non-commissioned officers.

3. U.S. Army Special Forces

　　The US Army Special Forces are widely known as the "Green Berets". They were widely introduced during the Vietnam War, so when the United States suffered defeat in Southeast Asia, the units were disbanded and the level of rustic was reduced until the late 1970s, when the terrorist threat led to the creation of the Delta Force. From the early 80s, the Army's interest in non-traditional combat began to resurge, which allowed the Green Beret to be reorganized. The special forces proved themselves again during the 1991 Gulf War, and the Army seems to have learned its lesson. When the overall defense budget was cut after the end of the Warsaw Pact, the special forces were not only not cut one by one, but in fact they were even expanded. Since 1991, the Special Operations Command has been in control of their own budgets and has just completed a major assessment of the non-traditional combat tactics of the 90s. The Pentagon's Office of Special Operations and Low-Intensity Military Conflict had a budget of $2.31 billion in 1991 and $300 million in 1992.

　　The term "special forces" originated during World War II and was used to refer to British special operations executives) and U.S. Bureau of Strategic Affairs (STS) working behind enemy lines to organize and support local resistance movements. General "Mad Bill" Donovan's OSS was immediately disbanded after World War II, destroying America's ability to engage in unconventional warfare with a stroke of the pen. It was a time of "big battalions" in the U.S. Army, atomic bombs, and a counter-elite mentality.

　　A series of events, such as the Greek Civil War and the Philippines riots, led to the revival of special forces units, although many of the "human resource gaps" were filled by the elimination of 14 independent Ranger companies. In June 1952, the first volunteers were assigned to Smoke Bomb Heights at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, to form the 10th Special Forces Group. After a year of training, he was deployed to Germany to prepare for guerrilla warfare in Eastern Europe while the former Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies were at war.

　　Special forces are rapidly expanding. The green beret one by one since 1952 the wearer was one by one against the army regulations and finally it was recognized. The 77th Special Forces Group (Airborne) was formed from the basic training non-commissioned officers of the 1O Special Forces Group (Airborne) and was sent to Laos to train local troops there. The 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne) emerged in 1961, followed by the 3rd, 7th, and 8th teams in 1963.

　　In Vietnam, the Green Beret led a large number of local troops, including various Vietnamese military organizations and hill tribes of the Khmers. They had to learn the local language and operate far beyond what regular army units could support, taking the war to the enemy and challenging the Viet Cong-ruled countryside. Many of the Green Berets' operations were coordinated by the Military Assistance Vietnam Command, the Service and the Action Group, often interpreted as a Special Operations Group.

organization

　　Unlike many of the world's special operations units, the Green Beret is a swarm unit of operation, training and equipment based on fighting in discontinuous theaters. The units that make up the US Army Special Forces today are:

1st Special Forces Combat Detachment

　　The 1st Special Forces Group (Airborne) specializes in operations in Northeast Asia and the Pacific. Including a detachment base in Seoul, South Korea, where many different Asian languages are spoken.

3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne)

　　The base is in Prague Castle. Each SFG consists of 3 battalions, each with 3 companies and 6 A-teams per company.

4. U.S. Delta Force

　　U.S. Army Colonel Beckweis, who served in the British Airborne Special Forces from 1962 to 1963, returned to the U.S. Army with the goal of creating a unit that would be organized, conceived, and functionally the same as that of the Airborne Special Service. After years of numerous attempts, he succeeded, and the new unit, known as the 1st Special Forces Combat Detachment (abbreviated Delta), was officially recognized on November 19, 1997.

　　The Delta Force's primary mission was to deal with terrorist activities affecting U.S. interests, which were very timely in the light of the accidents that were occurring everywhere at the time, such as the hostage incident at the Munich Olympics.

　　After its formal formation, the Delta Force began to select and train its personnel. and successfully completed the tasks of several other different units. Then, on November 4, 1979, Iranian "students" broke into the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and took all the staff hostage, and from then on Delta Force gradually became deeply involved in the planned --- hostage rescue operation, culminating in the actual operation on April 24-25, 1980.

organization

　　According to the model of the airborne special service, the Delta Force was divided into several squadrons, which were then divided into squads. Each team has a size of 16 people, and can be divided into two groups of 8 people, or four groups of 4 people, or eight groups of 2 people. In its early stages, there was only one squadron (Squadron A), but it soon split into two, and Squadron B was formed in early 1979.

　　The rout in Iran led to quite deep introspection within the American special services. Although the main reason for this defeat was not Colonel Beckweiss and the Delta Force. But at the technical level, the decision to replace the customary HH-53 with the US Navy's Sekorsky RH-53 helicopter was necessary because of the threat from the Soviet side. The tail post of the RH-53 can be folded, allowing the helicopter to be stowed below deck; HH-53 does not possess such capability. The Soviets were monitoring the Nimitz from the air and using satellites—eight images of large helicopters on the flight deck were enough for clever Soviet observers to guess what was going on, and they might have warned the Iranians. Other technical difficulties of this long-distance operation were compounded by the Carter administration's categorical decision from Washington to cancel the entire mission.

　　Delta Force returned to the desert a decade later to spearhead U.S. special forces raids into Iraq. Saddam Hussein's SS-1 Scud missiles are far more known than Western intelligence agencies know, and the rain of missiles in Israel will not allow any further gains. Israeli Prime Minister Shamir threatened to retaliate in the same way, and Israel even secretly launched a nuclear-tipped ICBM into the Mediterranean Sea as a final warning. The commander-in-chief of the Special Operations Command, Gen. Stinner, and the commander of the Joint Special Operations Command, Maj. Gen. Tang Yin, told the Joint Chiefs of Staff that their elite teams were able to find more Scud missiles than satellites.

　　Delta Force flew into Iraq as part of a joint operation, and its partners were the British Airborne Special Forces. After disembarking from the MH-53 "Low-Floor III" helicopter of the 20th Special Operations Squadron, they detected the Haishan missile and marked it for air raids. On February 27, 1991. On the last day of the ground war, the Delta Force spotted a whole row of 26 "Scuds" ready to be fired at Israel as the final barrage. They were destroyed instantly. General Schwartzkopf sent a personal congratulatory letter thanking them for their commitment to keeping Israel out of the war. The entire mission was accomplished at the expense of three Delta Force soldiers: Horley, Clarke, and Rozingus, who were killed by Sekowski's UH-60 Black Hawk transport helicopter carrying them into a sand dune.

Selection & Training

　　Delta Force will continue to revert to its role as a counter-terrorist, not to the Gulf War. The vast training area at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, included a Boeing 727 to practice assault hostage rescue. It is also known as the House of Internal Fighting, and its other name, the Haunted House, is even more famous. Delta Force still maintains two squadrons of 100 men

5. Russia's counter-terrorism vanguard: Alpha special forces

On the battlefield of Russia's counterattack against terrorism, the Alpha special forces have always been an indispensable sharp knife. The Russian weekly newspaper "Arguments and Facts" published an article about this mysterious Russian unit.

　　Alpha Special Forces is 30 years old.

　　In July 1974, the chairman of the KGB of the USSR Andropov ordered the formation of an anti-terrorist force. It was originally called Group A, journalists called it "Alpha", and later "Alpha" became its name. Today, it is an anti-terrorist force under the command of the Russian Federal Security Service.

　　Since its formation, Alpha has completed more than 30 hostage rescue operations, carried out more than 1,000 special missions, sacrificed a total of 19 members, and almost all of them have been awarded the Medal of Honor. Alpha is on combat duty 24 hours a day. Since 1995, it has been responsible for special missions in the North Caucasus for a long time.

　　Mysterious troops

　　About the formation of the Alpha Special Operations Group, only the top of the KGB of the USSR knew about it. Colonel M. Anatoly, a former member of the 7th Directorate of the KGB, said:

　　The personnel who entered the Alpha group were selected through an extremely strict process, and they were not only business experts and communists, but also beautiful men. They are mainly from the KGB institutions of the USSR, have received special training, and their mental and physical condition is able to adapt to the needs of the tasks of the special forces.

　　Recruits can enjoy all the benefits of the 7th Bureau of the KGB: housing, free vacations, etc. Their salaries were also higher than those of other KGB personnel: senior KGB scouts were paid 150 rubles per month, and alpha members were 190 rubles.

6. Special SEALs

　　Among the world's most famous special forces, the reputation of the U.S. Navy SEAL can be said to be among the top spears. With the publicity of the media and excellent achievements, the popularity of the SEAL Special Forces can surpass that of any other country in the world, especially in terms of training methods and tactical use, and has become the benchmark of multinational special forces. It is also the special forces of various countries with the highest probability of success in war, and has its presence in the Vietnam War, Grenada, Haiti, Panama, and Desert Storm.

　　"SEAL" is the abbreviation of Sea, Air and Land in English, and its full name is the U.S. Navy Amphibious Force. This means that SEAL members are not only capable of underwater reconnaissance missions and land special operations missions, but can also quickly go to the theater of operations and infiltrate enemy lines in the form of airborne, often completing the mission before the enemy notices it. In addition to its advanced equipment, its rigorous training is also unmatched by other special forces. Therefore, every seal frogman who has passed rigorous training will regard the seal badge on his chest as the highest honor of his life.

　　The SEAL Special Forces were founded in 1962 as the Navy's underwater demolition team in World War II, but their main mission at this time was to conduct underwater reconnaissance. The Vietnam War was an era of rapid development and growth of the "SEAL" special forces, during which the "SEAL" special forces carried out a variety of missions, including raids, reconnaissance, and assassinations. In recent years, the "SEALs" special forces have become more changeable, such as the 1991 Gulf War in which they conducted a confusing amphibious landing to divert the attention of the Iraqi army; urban combat on the streets of Mogadishu, Somalia, in 1993; and the 2002 tracking of Taliban regime militants and al-Qaeda terrorist groups in the mountains of Afghanistan.

　　The U.S. Navy's SEAL Special Forces are commanded by the Naval Special Operations Command, and they are divided into eight detachments with a total strength of about 2,000 troops. In general, each detachment has its own fixed area of operations. For example, the 1st, 3rd, and 5th detachments based on the West Coast of the United States are responsible for combat missions in Asia, the Middle East, and South Korea, respectively. The 2nd, 4th, and 8th Detachments on the eastern coast took Europe, South America, and Africa as their areas of operation. Other SEAL units also have their own areas of focus, such as domestic counter-terrorism missions. At present, the "SEALs" special forces are tasked with five tasks: reconnaissance, defense assistance, unconventional warfare, direct action, and counter-terrorism.

　　The meaning of the team emblem

　　The seal emblem consists of an eagle with a spear and harpoon on each foot around a sea anchor. Because the badge resembles the label of a brewery, the SEALs jokingly refer to it as the "Budweiser Badge". The anchor represents the U.S. Navy, the eagle represents the spirit of American freedom, the gun symbolizes the unwavering belief in defending the United States, and the harpoon represents the seal frogman's instinct to fight at sea.

　　Ever since the raid on the Iranian embassy in 1980 by the Royal Airborne Service, the unit has become a myth in the eyes of the people. Their famous insignia – the winged dagger – attracted widespread attention, which, together with their credo, "Victory for the Brave," expressed the unit's determination to meet all kinds of challenges.

7. Royal Airborne Service (SAS)

　　The Royal Airborne Service (SAS) was established at the beginning of World War II, at the same time as a number of "special" units were emerging. The first to be established was the "L Detachment". It was not until October 1942 that the unit was increased to 390 personnel and renamed the 1st Airborne Special Service Regiment. After several reorganisations and a period of expansion, a SAS Brigade was formed in Scotland in January 1944 and consisted of two British regiments (1 and 2 SAS), two French regiments (3 and 4 SAS), a Belgian squadron (later 5 SAS) and a communications squadron. The SAS has endured all desert campaigns and has built a reputation in Italy and northwestern Europe for its well-trained squads fighting independently behind enemy lines.

　　In 1969, when the situation in Northern Ireland suddenly became volatile, SAS began a long confrontation with the IRA. In the 50s and 60s of the 20th century, anti-guerrilla warfare had been replaced by anti-terrorist warfare, and in this new role, SAS quickly developed an unrivalled set of techniques, especially in Northern Ireland, inspired by the fight against the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA). As a result, SAS is not only the subject of consultation by other governments and special forces, but also directly involved in certain "foreign" combat operations. Despite this, the British public knows very little about SAS. In May 1980, during the raid on the Iranian Embassy in London, SAS was presented in front of the television cameras of various countries around the world with its tough combat methods, and the world media that aspired to heroes made SAS famous.

　　On 30 April 1980, six armed terrorists from the Arab Liberation Doctrine Democratic Revolutionary Front in Iran, armed with Czech Scorpion assault rifles, Browning automatic pistols and Soviet-made grenades, took 26 hostages at the Iranian Embassy at 16 Wanghumen Avenue in London (the number of hostages was later reduced to 22 due to health reasons), and the terrorists demanded the release of 92 Arab liberationist comrades imprisoned in Iran. and transport them safely to the designated location, and if their demands are not met, the hostages imprisoned in the embassy will have to pay the price. The terrorists came from the southern Iranian province of Khuzestan and opposed Khomeini's religious rule over Iran. Their demands were firmly rejected by the Iranians.

　　While the police negotiators were negotiating with the terrorists, SAS planned the raid and built a full-scale model of the embassy for the team to practice and prepare various operational equipment, including various blasting devices, for the assault to blast doors and windows. At 1 p.m. on the day before the attack began (5 May), gunfire was heard inside the embassy. At 7 p.m. sharp, the body of Abbas Rafasani, Iran's press liaison officer, was thrown out of the gate, and the terrorists threatened to kill a hostage every 30 minutes if their demands were not met. The situation is quite urgent! By 19:07 that night, SAS had gotten permission from the top.

　　At 7:23 a.m., the operation began, and eight members of the special service team descended from the roof along the rope to the balcony, quickly blasted the window frames, forced their way into the building, and threw tear gas. The operation went smoothly, with the exception of one member of the team who was rope-entangled and delayed the opportunity to enter (which is the inherent danger of rappelling operations). As a result of their prior reconnaissance, the Secret Service shot and killed the terrorist leader, Aung Ali Mohammed, as they rushed from the second floor to the telegraph room on the third floor where the hostages were being held. With the exception of the three terrorists who were guarding the hostages, who shot and killed one and wounded the other two, the other hostages were unharmed.

　　This operation, also known as "Operation Hunter", was a textbook classic operation from the time the attack was launched, breaking into the doors and windows, engaging the enemy, destroying the enemy, rescuing the hostages, clearing the house by house, and evacuating the scene after confirmation.

　　Source: The current organization of the Royal Airborne Service consists of three regiments, each with nearly 600 to 700 personnel. One regiment (22 SAS) is a fully regular force, while the other two regiments (21 SAS and 23 SAS) are part of the Local Self-Defense Forces. There is one regular communications squadron in the 22 SAS, while the other (the 63 SAS communications squadron) belongs to the local self-defense forces. These units are under the control of the SAS Steering Group. There is, of course, a very close relationship between the regular regiments (22 SAS) and the local regiments (21 and 23 SAS) today. The two local regiments also undergo basic training from the regular forces to ensure their professional standards.

VIII. U.S. Army Ranger Units

　　Among the many special forces in the United States, the Rangers (also known as assault troopers or special forces) are an elite force with a long history and strong force. The Rangers, with their glorious history and excellent traditions, have carried out the role of the world's police officers everywhere with their fearless spirit and perseverance, and have won international recognition and praise. Basically, the Ranger is a light infantry, and it can use various means of transportation to quickly enter the war zone to carry out tasks, so the Ranger often completes the mission before the arrival of other special forces. The motto "Rangers, lead the way" and the black beret and streamer armband embroidered with the words RANGER have always been symbols of the Ranger's glory and dignity.

　　The historical origins of the Rangers predate the founding of the United States: the first Rangers were irregular troops who fought during the French and Indian Wars in the 18th century. The most famous of these was the Roger Ranger, who was named after his unit commander. Throughout the 20th century, the U.S. Army continued to form ranger battalions during wartime, only to disband them shortly thereafter—only to find out that they were needed again in the next conflict. The current Rangers were formed after the Israeli-Arab War in 1973. The U.S. Army recognizes that in the future, a special operations force will be needed to be able to rapidly deploy to the Middle East or other strategic locations. Such a force must be able to airborne all the equipment of the battalion airborne assault to the rear of the enemy line. The 1st Battalion (Rangers) of the 75th Infantry Regiment (Rangers) was formed at Fort Banning in January 1974 and the 2nd Battalion was formed in Fort Louis, Washington, in October.

　　In Operation Justice, the U.S. invasion of Panama in 1989, the U.S. threw the entire 75th Infantry Regiment, the Ranger Force, into battle. This was the third mission performed by the Rangers after their recovery in 1974. After the failure of the embassy hostage rescue operation in Tehran and the failure of the invasion of the Caribbean islands of Grenada (1983), the Rangers finally ushered in victory. Operation Justice was the largest operation ever undertaken by the Rangers since it was expanded, with three battalions involving a total of 1,500 personnel. The Rangers are the main force in the "Red Task Force", a special forces unit that carries out this operation.

　　At 1 a.m. on December 20, the Rangers played a vanguard role, and the 1st Battalion, 3rd Battalion, C Company, and Regiment Headquarters Company Gold Squad landed at Doriga International Airport and quickly advanced to Panama City to occupy the headquarters of the National Defense Forces. On the other hand, the 2nd Battalion, 3rd Battalion, A and B Companies and the Black Squads of the regimental headquarters company that landed at the Lilhato airfield did not go so smoothly. They were subjected to heavy attacks by the Panamanian Defence Forces. Although the Rangers, supported by AC-130 gunboat aircraft, quickly captured the airfield, five soldiers were also killed. They then assaulted the Panamanian special forces in the south, the "Mountain Forces". As the unit was on vacation, the Rangers encountered only a small resistance and easily dealt with the unit. After a day of fighting, the U.S. forces took control of Panama City that night and crushed the pro-Noriega forces. The next two weeks were dominated by the capture of Noriega. On December 24, Panamanian dictator Noriega took refuge in the palace of the papal emissary in Panama. The Rangers surrounded and cordoned off the residence, and they, along with the U.S. Department of Security and Vatican diplomats, began negotiations on Noriega's surrender. On the evening of 3 January, after an anti-Noriega demonstration attended by about 10,000 people, the former Panamanian dictator walked out of the papal emissary palace and surrendered to the joint action forces. The Rangers then took on the task of maintaining order and securing public facilities. Returning to its station at Fort Banning, Georgia in 1990, it completed its mission and proved its worth, with 5 Rangers killed and nearly 50 wounded, but there is no doubt that Operation Justice was a complete victory.

　　Under the coordination of the U.S. Special Command (SOCOM), the Rangers often work in conjunction with Army Special Forces, the 82nd Airborne Division, Delta Force, Navy SEALs, Air Force Special Forces, and even non-SOCOM Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance Teams. The Rangers, who claim to be the pioneers of the special forces, are trusted by the U.S. government, so in addition to special missions, the Rangers often perform general light infantry missions. In the 21st century, various terrorist acts and ethnic conflicts will continue to break out in the world, and the Rangers, as the vanguard of the international police, are still ready to fight in foreign countries at any time. Regardless of the success or failure of the war, "Rangers, lead the way!" This phrase will forever be hidden in the heart of every Ranger.

9. Israeli Special Forces

　　In 1953, Israel began to set up its own special operations forces, which were carefully selected from the army, with special skills of the best trained, and then named this newly formed force Israel 101 Force, in 1954, Israel considered the need to deal with war and internal emergencies to stop civil strife, and decided to merge the 101st Unit with the Paratrooper Brigade and become the 202nd Paratrooper Brigade. The brigade is mainly composed of a brigade headquarters and four battalions, as well as other support units. In 1967, during the Third Middle East War, the 202nd Paratrooper Brigade was renamed the 55th Paratrooper Brigade. After 1960, Israel used special forces to fight quite frequently, and switched from emergency operations to anti-terrorist missions. At present, Israel's special operations forces, as a special branch of the armed forces, are a reinforcement and supplement to the general task force, and they have played a major role in recent years in dealing with emergencies, conducting reconnaissance behind enemy lines, carrying out psychological warfare, sabotage by agents, and countering terrorism. In July 1976, Israeli special operations forces raided Entebbe International Airport in Uganda, Africa, which was arguably the largest and most far-reaching operation, and this battle occupies an important place in the history of Israeli military operations.

　　On 27 June 1976, an Air France jumbo passenger plane was hijacked in Athens by four Palestinians and two West Germans to Entebbe airport in Uganda, with 105 of the 242 passengers on board being held hostage in the airport terminal. The hijackers demanded that Israel send the 53 Palestinians in custody to Uganda for exchange within a specified time limit, failing which the hostages would be executed. In order to rescue the hostages, Israel set up an operational command headed by Prime Minister Rabin Rabin and Defense Minister Shimon Peres, and the infantry-paratrooper commander Shomron drew up a military rescue plan codenamed "Operation Blitz".

　　Four Israeli Air Force C-130 Hercules transport planes secretly took off from Israel and landed at Entebbe International Airport at night without prior notice to the ground control tower. Israeli forces quietly landed at Entebbe International Airport just an hour before midnight. The Israelis then drove out of the transport plane in a black Mercedes and several jeeps of the guards and headed straight for the old terminal. Ugandans thought it was the convoy of Idi Amin or other high-ranking Ugandan officials. The three groups of commandos pounced on their respective targets according to the predetermined plan, and the whole operation was as smooth as a pre-rehearsal, 10 minutes to capture the terminal building, 20 minutes to rescue the hostages, 10 minutes to inspect, and 12 minutes to return to the plane. From the landing of the first Israeli plane to the take-off of the last Israeli aircraft on the return home, it was only a short 53 minutes! Six hijackers were killed. Another hostage was killed after being mistaken for a terrorist. Out of a total of 103 hostages, three people died. In the course of the surprise attack, Ugandan forces at the airport also opened fire on Israeli special forces and killed the ground commander of the Israeli forces, Colonel Yonatan Netanyahu, who was also the only Israeli army killed in the operation (it is worth mentioning that Yonatan Netanyahu was the elder brother of the prominent Israeli politician Jonathan Netanyahu, who served as Israel's prime minister from 1996 to 1999). In return for Kenya, a sworn enemy of the Ugandan regime (the operation is believed to have received strong support from Kenya), and for its own safety, all 11 Ugandan fighter jets (which are largely the mainstay of the Ugandan Air Force) were also destroyed at the airport.

　　The 3,520-kilometre-long bold operation by Israeli special forces used their skills and resourcefulness to create the most thrilling hostage-rescuing operation in history now. Perez proudly praised the "Operation Thunderbolt" as an unprecedented long-distance, unprecedented shortest time, and unprecedented bold operation. Ugandan President Amin, after first condemning the Israeli army's atrocities of killing Ugandan soldiers and blowing up planes, could not help but praise: "As a professional soldier, I think that the attack was very successful, and the Israeli task force is really good!" ”

10. German GSG9 special forces

　　The German GSG9 special forces are the abbreviation of the 9th Brigade of the German Border Guards. In 1972, the Palestinian organization Black September hijacked and killed 11 Israeli athletes from the Munich Olympic Village, during which the Bavarian police rescue operation failed completely, forcing the International Olympic Committee to decide to suspend the Games, leaving the German government with unbearable humiliation. Therefore, the German government decided to set up an anti-terrorist special forces, that is, the GSG9 special forces, whose headquarters is located in August, 3 kilometers east of Bonn, with a total of about 350 members, organized into a number of combat groups, it is always in a state of readiness, combat effectiveness is extremely strong, is a world-famous veteran special forces, the representative work is in Somalia in 1977 to participate in the Mogadishu airport anti-hijacking battle.

　　On October 13, 1977, a Lufthansa Boeing 737 was hijacked by four terrorists en route to Germany, with a total of 87 passengers on board. The hijacked flight was eventually forced to land in Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia. On the way, the terrorists shot and killed a hostage.

　　The German government dispatched 30 GSG9 crew members to the rescue operation, and they tracked the hijacked Boeing 737 to Mogadishu. The operation was commanded by Yuris Wagner, with the cooperation of the British Airborne Special Service and Somali troops, and late at night on the 17th, GSG9 members began to secretly approach the hijacked aircraft. At 2 a.m. the next morning, in order to attract the attention of the hijackers, Somali forces first lit a fire in front of the plane, drawing the terrorist leader Akaqi and another terrorist into the cockpit, and the GSG9 team took the opportunity to climb along the wings to the emergency exit. At 2:07 a.m., they forcibly opened the emergency exit and threw flashbang and smoke grenades into it, preventing the hijackers in the cabin from opening their eyes for a while. At this time, the 20 GSG9 team members who were waiting at the entrance and exit of the front and rear cabins immediately rushed into the cabin. While the hijackers were still rubbing their eyes, the MP5 bullet in GSG9's hand made the heads of the three hijackers bloom, and the other hijacker was captured after being seriously injured. The entire operation took only 5 minutes, all the hostages and crew members were rescued, and the heroes of the 9th Brigade of the German Border Guards returned home triumphantly. In this regard, an officer of the US special forces once said that the 9th Anti-Terrorist Brigade of the Border Guards is a unit that does not hesitate to use the most advanced equipment, and its superb operational skills are unmatched by its opponents.

　　Patch: The cabin of the Boeing 737 in the hijacking incident was cramped, with targets mixed between hostages and seats. This environment has very strict requirements for the size and accuracy of firearms. The GSG9 is equipped with an MP5 submachine gun with a length of only 660 mm and a weight of 2.45 kg, which can better meet the requirements of small space operations. The operation proved the accuracy and power of the MP5, and the gun became famous overnight. Since then, special forces around the world have greatly favored this gun, and have chosen this gun as a special gun for anti-terrorism.

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