In the design and construction process of the space information management system, we can use the 5W2H2E analysis method to provide us with comprehensive and in-depth guidance. This article reviews the concepts and cognition of the method, and also discusses the steps and resources, which are recommended for you to learn.

How to design an ICEAP system? (9) How to use the 5W2H2E analysis method to complete the design of CIS space information management system

In the exploration of the vast universe, the construction of an efficient and comprehensive Cosmic Information Management System (CIMS, also known as CIS) is particularly crucial.

The system not only needs to be able to collect, collate and analyze massive amounts of data from various astronomical observations, but also be forward-looking and flexible to meet new challenges that may arise in the future. The use of 5W2H2E analysis method to design the CIMS system can ensure that we can comprehensively review and plan from multiple dimensions, and create a cosmic information management platform that not only meets the current needs but also has long-term development potential.

Through the 5Ws (What, Why, Who, When, Where) analysis, we identify what the core functions of CIMS are, why they are needed, who will be the main users and beneficiaries, and when and where the system will be put into use. Next, the 2H (How to do, How much) reflection will lead us to explore how to implement the system, as well as the resources required and the expected costs. Finally, the evaluation of 2E (Effect, Efficiency) will help us judge how effective CIMS is, whether it is efficient, and provide us with directions for optimization and improvement.

In the journey of building CIS, the 5W2H2E analysis method will be an indispensable navigation light for us, guiding us through complex technical and management problems to finally reach the other side of success. Let's move forward together to create a CIMS that leads a new era of space exploration.

1. What is it?

Cosmic Information Management System (CIMS) is a comprehensive, advanced and global-oriented cosmic information service platform. It is not only a simple data storage and retrieval system, but also a comprehensive system integrating data collection, processing, analysis, visualization, sharing and application.

1. Data Collection

CIMS has strong data collection capabilities and is able to integrate data resources from multiple channels such as astronomical observation equipment, research institutions, satellite remote sensing, and ground surveying from all over the world.

These data resources cover a wide range of fields from microscopic particles to macroscopic universes, including information on various cosmic phenomena and entities such as galaxies, stars, planets, asteroids, comets, cosmic rays, dark matter, dark energy, etc.

2. Data Processing

The raw data collected often requires complex processing and analysis before it can be transformed into valuable information. CIMS has a variety of built-in advanced data processing algorithms and models, which can clean, integrate, classify, annotate, and visualize data to meet the needs of different users. At the same time, CIMS also supports user-defined data processing processes to meet the needs of specific research projects.

3. Data analysis

CIMS not only provides basic data retrieval and browsing functions, but also has powerful data analysis capabilities. It can conduct in-depth mining and analysis of data according to the needs of users, discover patterns and trends in data, and provide strong support for scientific research. In addition, CIMS also supports user-defined analysis models and algorithms to help users gain a deeper understanding of the nature of cosmic phenomena and entities.

4. Data Sharing

CIMS is an open and shared platform dedicated to promoting scientific research cooperation and exchange on a global scale. It allows users to upload processed and analyzed data to the system and share it with other users. At the same time, CIMS also provides functions such as data download, citation, and comment to facilitate users to obtain and use data resources.

5. Application Services

In addition to data services, CIMS also provides a range of application services to meet the needs of different users. For example, it supports online simulation of cosmic phenomena, the construction of virtual observatories, and the development of scientific research tools to help users more intuitively understand the operation laws of cosmic phenomena and entities. In addition, CIMS also provides the public with a wealth of popular science and educational resources to help them better understand the science of the universe.

In summary, the Universe Information Management System (CIMS) is a comprehensive system integrating data collection, processing, analysis, visualization, sharing and application, providing comprehensive, efficient and convenient space information services for researchers, scholars, students and the public around the world.

2. Why

There are many reasons for designing a Cosmic Information Management System (CIMS), and here is a detailed explanation of why such a system is needed:

1. Meet the needs of scientific research

With the deepening of space science research, the demand for space data is also increasing. CIMS can meet the requirements of scientific researchers for comprehensiveness, accuracy and timeliness of data, and provide a series of services from raw data to processing results, from single data to comprehensive analysis. This allows researchers to conduct research more efficiently and advance the science of the universe.

2. Promote international cooperation and exchanges

The scientific research of space science is a global undertaking that requires the joint efforts of scientific researchers from all countries. As an open and shared platform, CIMS can break the boundaries of geography and disciplines, and provide a place for global researchers to communicate and cooperate. Researchers can share data, exchange research results, and discuss scientific issues through CIMS, thereby promoting international cooperation and exchanges and promoting the in-depth development of space science research.

3. Improve the efficiency of scientific research

Traditional space science research often requires researchers to manually collect, process, and analyze data, which is not only time-consuming, labor-intensive, but also error-prone. Through automation and intelligent technical means, CIMS can greatly reduce the burden of scientific researchers and improve scientific research efficiency. Researchers can focus more on the research itself rather than spending a lot of time on data processing.

4. Serve the public science education

Space science is one of the fields of widespread public concern, and CIMS can also provide the public with abundant resources for popular science education. Through CIMS, the public can learn about the mysteries of the universe, explore unknown cosmic phenomena, participate in virtual astronomical observations and other activities. This will not only help to improve the scientific literacy of the public, but also stimulate the public's interest and love for the science of the universe.

5. Promote technological innovation

The construction of CIMS involves technological innovation in many fields, including data collection technology, data processing technology, data analysis technology, visualization technology, etc. The innovations of these technologies can not only promote the development of space science research, but also provide reference for technological innovation in other fields. Through the construction of CIMS, we can promote the development and application of related technologies and promote the scientific and technological progress of the whole society.

In summary, there are many reasons for the design of the Cosmos Information Management System (CIMS), including meeting scientific research needs, promoting international cooperation and exchanges, improving scientific research efficiency, serving public science education, and promoting technological innovation. Together, these reasons have led us to devote significant resources and energy to building such a system.

3. Who (who)

When designing the Cosmic Information Management System (CIMS), we need to identify the main user groups of the system and the relevant stakeholders. Here's a detailed explanation of "who":

1. Key user groups

Cosmos Scientists: This is the core user group of CIMS. They access, retrieve, analyze, and utilize vast amounts of cosmic science data through CIMS to support their research efforts. These researchers may come from universities, research institutes, or private laboratories around the world.
Academics and Students: Academics and students are another important user group for CIMS. They use CIMS to access the latest research results in space science, keep abreast of the latest scientific advances, and may deepen their studies and research by participating in CIMS projects or courses.
Public Interest in Space Science: CIMS is also open to the general public interested in space science. They may learn about the mysteries of the universe through CIMS, participate in virtual astronomical observations, or simply satisfy their curiosity about the universe.

2. Stakeholders

Government agencies: Government agencies are often the main funders and enablers of CIMS. They hope to promote research and education in space science through CIMS, and improve the country's scientific and technological strength and competitiveness.
Research institutes: Research institutes are key partners of CIMS. They provide data, technical support, and expertise to advance research in the universe together with CIMS.
Enterprises: Some companies may be interested in CIMS's technology and data, and want to develop new products or services through cooperation with CIMS.
Investors: Investors provide financial support for the construction and operation of CIMS, and they expect to reap the rewards of successful operation of CIMS.

3. System administrators and maintenance personnel

In addition to the above-mentioned user groups and stakeholders, CIMS also needs a team of professional system administrators and maintenance personnel to ensure the normal operation and continuous development of the system. They are responsible for the daily operation and maintenance of the system, data backup, security protection, system updates and upgrades, etc.

In summary, the "who" in the design of CIMS includes many aspects: from the core user group to the stakeholders, to the professional system administrators and maintenance personnel. Together, these different roles and groups form the CIMS ecosystem and drive the development and progress of CIMS.

4. Where

When designing a Cosmic Information Management System (CIMS), the "where" element involves multiple layers, including the physical location of the system, the location where the data is stored, the location of user access, and the geographic extent of the system's impact. Here's a detailed explanation of "Where":

1. The physical location of the system

CIMS is a complex system whose physical location may include multiple parts:

Data Centers: CIMS's data centers are the core facilities for storing and processing large amounts of space science data. These data centers may be located across the globe and are selected based on factors such as geography, climate, political stability, quality of network connectivity, and more. Data centers need to be designed and built to ensure secure, reliable, and efficient access to data.
Server clusters: In order to support the concurrent access and data processing needs of a large number of users, CIMS may adopt a distributed architecture and deploy server clusters in multiple geographic locations. This increases the availability and scalability of the system and reduces the risk of a single point of failure.

2. Where the data is stored

CIMS data may come from astronomical observatories, research institutes, satellites, etc. around the world. This data is collected and transmitted to a data center for storage and processing. The location of the data storage needs to ensure the security and reliability of the data, taking into account the efficiency and cost of data transfer. Encryption technology may be used to protect the privacy and security of data during data transmission.

3. Locations visited by the user

CIMS is designed to serve users worldwide, so users can access the system via the internet from any location. Users can access CIMS through personal computers, mobile devices, workstations and other terminal devices to obtain the required space science data and information. The user interface and interaction design of CIMS needs to take into account the compatibility of different devices and browsers to ensure that users can easily use the system.

4. The geographic extent of the system's impact

The impact of CIMS is not limited to a single country or region, but has a global impact. Through CIMS, researchers around the world can share data, exchange research results, and promote research collaborations. At the same time, CIMS also provides the public with a wealth of popular science education resources to help people better understand the mysteries of cosmic science. Therefore, the design and operation of CIMS needs to take into account the needs and expectations of global users to ensure that the system is broad and inclusive.

In summary, the design of "Where" in CIMS involves many aspects such as the physical location of the system, the location of data storage, the location of user access, and the geographical scope of the impact of the system. Together, these elements determine the global and universal nature of CIMS, making it a cosmic information management system that truly serves global users.

5. When

When designing a Cosmic Information Management System (CIMS), the "When" element touches on the entire life cycle of a project, including project initiation, development, testing, go-live, and subsequent maintenance, updates, and expansions. Here's a detailed explanation of "When":

1. Project initiation phase

During the initiation phase of the project, the objectives and scope of the project need to be clarified, a detailed project plan needs to be developed, and project team members and their responsibilities are identified. This phase of the timeline typically includes steps such as market research, needs analysis, project initiation, team building, and project planning, which can take weeks to months.

2. Development phase

The development stage is the core stage of CIMS construction, which involves many aspects such as system architecture design, database design, functional module development, and user interface design. Depending on the complexity and scale of the project, the development phase can take months to years. During the development process, project management methodologies such as agile development or waterfall models need to be followed to ensure that the project runs smoothly.

3. Testing phase

The testing phase is an important part of ensuring the quality and stability of CIMS. In the testing phase, the system needs to be comprehensively functionally tested, performance-tested, and security tested to ensure that the system can meet user needs and expectations. The timing of the testing phase depends on the complexity of the system and the depth of the testing work, and typically takes weeks to months.

4. Go live

After testing and verification, CIMS will enter the go-live stage. In the go-live phase, the system needs to be deployed, configured, and commissioned to ensure that the system can run stably and meet user needs. At the same time, a post-go-live training plan needs to be developed to help users become familiar with the system and take full advantage of its capabilities. The timing of the go-live phase depends on the size and complexity of the system and typically takes days to weeks.

5. Follow-up Maintenance, Updates, and Expansions

Once CIMS goes live, ongoing maintenance, updates, and expansion work is required. Maintenance work includes system monitoring, troubleshooting, data backup, etc., to ensure the stable operation of the system and data security. Updates include fixing known bugs, adding new features, optimizing performance, and more to continuously improve the user experience and system value. The expansion work involves the expansion of the functions of the system and the expansion of the user group to meet the changing user needs and market environment. These follow-up work will run through the entire life cycle of CIMS, and will be updated and expanded regularly or irregularly according to the actual situation.

In summary, "When" involves the entire life cycle of a project in the design of CIMS, including project initiation, development, testing, go-live, and subsequent maintenance, update, and expansion. Each phase has its own specific timeline and focus to ensure that CIMS is delivered on time and meets user needs.

6. How to do it

When designing, developing, deploying, and operating a Cosmic Information Management System (CIMS), "How" refers to specific implementation methods and steps. Here is a detailed explanation of the CIMS implementation process:

1. System design and planning

Requirements analysis: Clarify the functional requirements that CIMS needs to meet, such as data management, data analysis, and data visualization. At the same time, you also need to consider the performance indicators such as the number of users and concurrent visits that the system should support.
Architecture design: According to the results of demand analysis, the overall architecture of CIMS is designed, including front-end interface, back-end server, database and other components. At the same time, it is also necessary to consider the scalability, security and other factors of the system.
Technology selection: Select appropriate technology stacks and tools, such as front-end frameworks, back-end languages, and database systems, according to system design and functional requirements.

2. System development

Environment setup: Configure the development environment, including installing necessary software and setting up the network.
Coding implementation: Write code to implement various functions of CIMS according to system design and functional requirements. This includes the development of the front-end interface, the implementation of the back-end logic, the design of the database, etc.
Testing and debugging: Test the developed system, including functional testing, performance testing, security testing, etc., to ensure that the system can run normally and meet the requirements. At the same time, it is also necessary to debug and fix the problems found during the test.

3. System Deployment

Hardware preparation: Prepare corresponding hardware devices, such as servers, storage devices, and network devices, according to the system scale and performance requirements.
Software installation: Install necessary software such as operating systems, database systems, and middleware on hardware devices.
System configuration: Configure the CIMS, including setting database connections, configuring network parameters, and setting system parameters.
Data migration: If CIMS needs to access existing data resources, you need to migrate data and import existing data to CIMS.

4. System operation and maintenance

User training: Educate users on CIMS to understand how to use the system and precautions.
Daily monitoring: Conduct daily monitoring of the CIMS to ensure that the system can operate normally and identify potential problems in a timely manner.
Data backup: Regularly back up the data in the CIMS to prevent data loss or corruption.
Version update: According to user needs and technology development, CIMS is updated and upgraded to improve the performance and functionality of the system.
Troubleshooting: When a CIMS fails, you need to troubleshoot and handle it in a timely manner to ensure that the system can resume normal operation as soon as possible.

The above are the general steps and methods of the CIMS implementation process. It should be noted that CIMS is a complex system engineering, involving multiple aspects and links, which requires comprehensive consideration of various factors and careful planning and design. At the same time, it also needs to be flexibly adjusted and optimized according to the specific situation to ensure that the CIMS can meet the needs of users and bring real value to the enterprise or organization.

七、How much（多少成本）

Cost is an important consideration in the construction and operation of the Cosmic Information Management System (CIMS).

Here is a detailed analysis of the cost of CIMS:

Base Fee:

The base fee is usually a fixed fee charged annually for the basic operation and maintenance of the system. This fee is determined according to the size of the system and the scale of functions, including the purchase of hardware equipment, software licensing fees, server hosting costs, etc.
As the system scales and features increase, so does the base cost. Therefore, when planning a CIMS, the long-term operating costs of the system need to be fully considered.

User License Fee:

The user license fee is a fee that is charged based on the number of users using CIMS at a school or other institution. This is usually calculated on a per-user per year or per semester fee.
User license fees are an important part of CIMS operating costs, especially when the system is geared towards a large number of users. Therefore, the pricing strategy needs to be balanced between the needs of users and the operating costs of the system.

Module Fees:

CIMS usually has various modules and features such as course management, student attendance, student grades, etc. There may be a separate fee for each module, and schools or other institutions can choose specific modules or features depending on their needs.
The fee for a module can be determined based on factors such as the complexity of the module, the importance of the features, and market demand. This helps to ensure that CIMS is flexible and customizable, while meeting the needs of different users.

Development and maintenance costs:

The development and maintenance costs of CIMS include software development, testing, go-live, and subsequent updates and maintenance. These costs often need to be assessed based on the specific needs and complexity of the project.
In the process of building CIMS, a lot of human and material resources need to be invested to ensure the quality and stability of the system. Therefore, when planning CIMS, it is necessary to fully consider these cost factors and develop a reasonable budget plan.

Training & Support Costs:

To ensure that users are able to take full advantage of the capabilities of CIMS, training and support services need to be provided. These services may include online training, on-site training, user manuals, technical support, and more.
Training and support costs are also part of CIMS operating costs and need to be assessed based on the needs of the user and the size of the system. By providing effective training and support services, user satisfaction and system usage can be increased.

In summary, the cost of CIMS includes basic fees, user license fees, module fees, and development and maintenance costs. When planning a CIMS, these cost factors need to be fully considered and a corresponding budget plan should be developed. At the same time, effective management and operational strategies are needed to reduce costs and increase the value of the system.

8. Effect

In the implementation of the Cosmic Information Management System (CIMS), it is important to evaluate its effectiveness. The effect not only reflects whether the system has successfully met the desired goals, but also determines whether the system is worth the continued investment in maintenance and upgrades. Here are just a few of the possible effects of CIMS:

1. Efficiency improvement

Faster data processing: CIMS significantly improves the efficiency of data processing by automating and centralizing data processing processes. This includes data collection, collation, analysis, and report generation, so that stakeholders can get the information they need faster.
Workflow optimization: CIMS reduces redundancy and duplication of work steps by consolidating and optimizing workflows. This allows employees to focus more on core tasks, increasing overall productivity.

2. Data accuracy is improved

Reduced error rate: CIMS reduces the error rate of data entry and processing through automated data validation and validation mechanisms. This helps ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data, supporting subsequent data analysis and decision-making.
Data consistency: CIMS can ensure the consistency of data across the system, avoiding the problem of data inconsistency between different departments or systems. This helps to reduce misunderstandings and conflicts and improve the overall operational efficiency of the organization.

3. Enhanced decision support

Data visualization: CIMS provides a wealth of data visualization tools, enabling decision-makers to understand the relationships and trends between data more intuitively. This helps them identify problems faster, seize opportunities, and make informed decisions.
Data analysis function: CIMS has a powerful built-in data analysis function, which can conduct in-depth mining and analysis of large amounts of data. This helps to uncover patterns and patterns behind the data, providing strong support for decision-making.

4. User experience improvement

User-friendly: CIMS usually have an intuitive and easy-to-use user interface that makes it easy for users to get started and quickly learn how to use the system. This helps to improve the user's experience and satisfaction.
Personalized customization: CIMS supports personalized customization function, which can be customized according to the needs and preferences of different users. This makes the system closer to the actual needs of users, increasing user satisfaction and loyalty.

5. Enhance the competitiveness of the organization

Increased information transparency: CIMS enables smoother communication and collaboration between departments within the organization by increasing the transparency and sharing of information. This helps break down information silos and silos and improve the overall operational efficiency of the organization.
Respond quickly to market changes: CIMS collects and analyzes market data in real-time to help organizations respond quickly to market changes and make adjustments. This makes organizations more competitive in a competitive market environment.

In summary, the implementation of CIMS can bring many effects, including efficiency improvement, data accuracy improvement, decision support enhancement, user experience improvement, and organizational competitiveness. Together, these effects work on organizations to help drive them toward being more efficient, smarter, and more competitive.

九、Evaluation（评估）

Evaluation is a crucial part of the implementation of the Cosmic Information Management System (CIMS). It ensures that the system meets the expected goals, while also providing data support for the continuous improvement and optimization of the system. Here's a closer look at the CIMS assessment:

1. Purpose of Assessment

The main purpose of the assessment is to ensure that the CIMS is operating according to the expected goals and performance standards, while identifying problems and potential areas for improvement in the system. Through the evaluation, data on system performance, user satisfaction, business value, etc., can be collected to provide a basis for decision-making for continuous optimization and upgrade of the system.

2. Evaluate the content

System performance evaluation: Evaluate the response time, throughput, stability and other performance indicators of CIMS to ensure that the system can run efficiently and stably. At the same time, you need to pay attention to the scalability and security of the system to ensure that the system can withstand future business growth and security challenges.
User satisfaction evaluation: Collect user satisfaction data on CIMS through questionnaires, user interviews, etc., to understand users' opinions and suggestions on the use experience and functional requirements of the system. This helps to identify deficiencies in the system and improve the direction of improvement, and improves user satisfaction.
Business Value Assessment: Evaluate the value and contribution of CIMS to the organization's business, including improving work efficiency, reducing costs, and improving the quality of decision-making. Through quantitative analysis, the impact and value of CIMS on the organization's business can be clearly demonstrated.

3. Assessment Methodology

Quantitative evaluation: Objective and accurate evaluation of CIMS is carried out by collecting and analyzing quantitative indicators such as system performance data and user satisfaction data. Quantitative assessments can provide concrete data support to help decision-makers make informed decisions.
Qualitative evaluation: Collect subjective evaluations and suggestions on CIMS through user interviews, expert reviews, etc., to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the system. Qualitative assessments can provide deeper insights and insights that can help identify potential issues and areas for improvement.

4. Evaluation cycle

Evaluation should be an ongoing process, not a one-time activity. In the early stages of CIMS implementation, an initial evaluation is required to verify the basic functionality and performance of the system. As the system operates and user feedback, regular assessments are required to understand how the system is actually performing and what needs for improvement. The assessment cycle can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual situation and needs of the organization.

5. Application of assessment results

The results of the assessment should be used to guide the continuous optimization and upgrade of the CIMS. For the problems and deficiencies found in the assessment, corresponding improvement measures should be formulated and implemented. At the same time, the assessment results can also be used as a basis for system maintenance and upgrades to ensure that the system can continue to meet the organization's business needs.

In conclusion, assessment is a key part of ensuring the successful implementation and continuous optimization of CIMS. Through a comprehensive and in-depth evaluation, we can understand the actual operation of the system and the improvement needs, and provide strong support for the continuous optimization and upgrading of the system.

10. Summary

In the process of designing and constructing the space information management system, the application of 5W2H2E analysis method provides us with comprehensive and in-depth guidance. With this approach, we not only gained a clear understanding of the CIMS "What", "Why", "Who", "When", and "Where", but also delved into the key questions of "How to do" and "How much".

At the same time, we also pay attention to "Effect" and "Efficiency" to ensure that the implementation of CIMS can bring the expected benefits, and continue to optimize and improve in actual operation. Through this process, CIMS is designed to meet not only the needs of today, but also the ability to adapt to the challenges of the future.

Looking ahead, CIMS will continue to play a key role in data management, analysis and application as technology continues to advance and space exploration deepens. We are confident that under the guidance of the 5W2H2E analysis method, CIMS will become an efficient, comprehensive and reliable space information management platform, providing strong support for the cause of space exploration. Let's look forward to the wonderful performance of CIMS in the future and witness a new chapter in space exploration.

In the next article, the author will consider whether to continue the in-depth analysis, or enter the next subsystem, if you can, look forward to your message, thank you.

Columnist

Ian Huang, everybody is a product manager columnist. Communication product veteran. Focus on VR/AR/MR, AI, exhibition, e-commerce and CRM full ecological Internet industry product manager, involved in a variety of business models and systems, with many years of product design and management experience, good at prototype design, demand mining, user research and other skills.

This article was originally published on Everyone is a Product Manager. Reproduction without permission is prohibited.

The title image is from Unsplash and is licensed under CC0.

The views in this article only represent the author's own, everyone is a product manager, and the platform only provides information storage space services.

How to design an ICEAP system? (9) How to use the 5W2H2E analysis method to complete the design of CIS space information management system