From the end of May to mid-to-late June, our fruit farmers will go to the orchard to manually bag the young fruits on the fruit trees according to the early and late flowering and fruit setting time of their own fruit trees (15-20 days after the early maturing varieties are flowering).
Bagging fruit trees to protect young fruits in time after flowering and fruit setting is an important orchard management work that our fruit farmers must do on time every year. Because the bagging of young fruits on fruit trees can avoid external pests and diseases from invading the fruit, can reduce the number of frequent pesticides in the orchard, can prevent wind and rain and flying sand and dust damage and pollution of the fruit surface, can avoid external birds pecking and destroying the fruit, can reduce the problem of fruit cracking, rotting fruit and rust on the fruit surface during the fruit expansion and maturity period, and can maximize the surface light, appearance and appearance of the fruit.
Therefore, if we want to improve the income of fruit tree planting, we must do a good job in the bagging management of the young fruit stage after the fruit tree is flowering. Fruit tree bagging seems to be very simple, but there is a university in it, many fruit farmers often can't grasp the technical points of fruit tree bagging and very casually bagging young fruits, every year because of the problem of fruit tree bagging will cause a lot of unnecessary fruit loss (including yield and quality). In today's article, the agricultural technology basket will tell you about several key technical points that need to be paid attention to in the management of young fruit bagging of fruit trees.
1. About the time of bagging young fruit trees
The bagging time of most fruit trees generally needs to be completed within 20-45 days after the fruit trees are flowering in late May to early June (fruit trees and varieties with early fruit set and early maturity are carried out within 15-30 days after flowering, and fruit trees and varieties with late fruit set and late maturity are carried out within 30-45 days after flowering).
For example, when the young fruit grains on the grapevine grow to the size of a bean, for example, when the young fruit on the peach tree and the apple tree grow to 2-3 cm in size, you can choose continuous good weather to carry out the young fruit bagging management in the orchard. But we should pay attention to the fact that the fruit tree bagging must be completed before the arrival of the rainy season in your local area or before the end of June, and the agricultural technology small back basket recommends that the fruit tree varieties that mature early, rainy weather, and thin and easy to crack the peel must be bagged as early as possible, on the contrary, the fruit tree varieties that mature late, have more dry weather, and have thick and hard peel can be appropriately bagged late.
If the bagging time of the young fruit on the fruit tree is too early, it is easy to cause the young fruit of early bagging to have high temperature and sunburn in the bag, it is easy to hurt the fruit surface and break the fruit stalk during the bagging, and it is easy to affect the expansion of the young fruit and it is difficult to grow into a large fruit; On the contrary, if the bagging time of young fruits on the fruit tree is too late, it is easy to cause the rough surface of the fruit to rust, the young fruit is easy to be harmed by external bacteria and pests, and it is easy to lead to poor color quality after picking the bag in the later stage of the fruit.
2. About the weather for the bagging of young fruit trees
Many fruit farmers bagged the young fruits after the fruit trees bloomed every year, and often caused sunburn, diseases, insect pests and other problems after the bagging of the young fruits because of the unsuitable weather of the bagging, which caused a lot of unnecessary orchard losses, which still need to be paid attention to. Therefore, it is recommended that you keep the following points in mind when bagging young fruit trees this year:
(1) Choose the good weather of continuous sunny days to the orchard to bag the young fruits on the tree, and must choose the sunny day 8-11:30 a.m. (after the dew in the orchard dries naturally) and 3-5:30 p.m. (before the moisture and dew in the orchard), the temperature is very high at noon on a sunny day, the light is very strong at 12 o'clock to 2 o'clock (easy to cause sunburn hazards of young fruits) and the time period when there is dew and moisture in the ground in the early morning and evening (easy to aggravate the problem of rust), can not bag the young fruits on the tree.
(2) In case of rainy weather with relatively large air humidity, and in case of rainy weather with sudden sunny weather heating or foggy weather, in both cases, you can not go to the orchard to bag the young fruits, and these two weather conditions must wait until the weather is clear and the temperature and humidity are stable before bagging (that is, let the young fruits adapt to the weather changes first, otherwise the fruit surface is easy to rust or sunburn when it is wet).
(3) If the fruit tree encounters continuous high temperature and drought before bagging and the lack of water in the soil in the orchard, in this case, the direct bagging is easy to lead to the phenomenon of sunburn in the fruit bag after the young fruit bagging, for this reason, when encountering this high temperature and drought orchard water shortage, we should water the whole garden once in advance 3-5 days before the bagging of the fruit tree to increase the humidity in the orchard, and then go to the orchard after two or three days to bag the young fruit of the fruit tree.
3. Technical requirements for spraying pesticides before bagging young fruit of fruit trees
(1) In order to avoid all kinds of pests and diseases in the fruit, the whole orchard and the whole fruit tree need to be sprayed continuously 2-3 times (focusing on spraying the petals and receptacles of the residual flowers, young fruits and surrounding positions) from after flowering to the young fruit bagging, spraying 1 time every 10 days or so, each spraying try to use different fungicides and insecticide formulas, 7-10 days after the fruit tree begins to play the first medicine, and then every 10 days or so, the third medicine is best to be played within 1-3 days before the bagging of young fruits. After the liquid is completely air-dried, it can be bagged (the last time to be completed within 5-7 days before the bagging, and when the last medicine is not bagged for more than 7-10 days, it must be played again before bagging).
(2) In order to ensure the healthy expansion and development of young fruits after bagging, the young fruits on the fruit trees must also be sprayed with calcium-containing foliar fertilizer (can be sprayed together with fungicides and insecticides) before bagging the fruit trees, because the fruit trees are the golden period for absorbing the most calcium fertilizer within 30-50 days after flower setting, and the bagged fruits are prone to rot and crack fruit due to calcium deficiency, so the fruit trees must focus on calcium supplementation before bagging after flowering (calcium fertilizer focuses on spraying young fruits and young branches and leaves on the upper part of the fruit tree), Playing calcium-containing foliar fertilizer is the fastest and best way to supplement calcium for young fruits, and the number of calcium-containing foliar fertilizers before bagging young fruits should not be less than 2-3 times, every 7-10 days.
(3) When the fruit tree is bagged before the bagging of the fungus and insecticide, because the young fruit on the tree is very delicate at this time, it is easy to cause damage and pesticide damage due to the spraying, so when the fruit tree is bagged before the pesticide, it is necessary to use the fungicide with low toxicity and high efficiency, mild drug properties and little irritation to the young fruit, and try to use the pesticide of suspension agent and water emulsion (it is recommended to use the bactericidal insecticide of biopharmaceutical), and the bactericide with high toxicity and easy residue and strong efficacy is easy to stimulate and harm the young fruit, and the pesticide of emulsifiable concentrate can not be usedTry not to use pesticides in copper preparations, sulfur preparations and organophosphorus that can easily contaminate and lose the surface of young fruits.
Fourth, about the fruit bag selection skills when the young fruit of the fruit tree is bagged
When bagging the young fruits on the fruit tree, it is very important to choose which fruit bag to use - the fruit bag used is the same if the climate and rain conditions are different, the fruit bag used is different when the fruit ripens in the morning and evening, the fruit bag used is different if the fruit color is different, and the fruit bag used is different if the peel color is different.
Have we ever paid attention to these problems when we bagging fruit trees every year? It is not easy for everyone to plant fruit trees and manage the orchard, if the fruit bag used is not selected correctly, which affects the final quality, price and income of the fruit, it is very much worth the loss.
The following agricultural technology basket will tell you how to choose the most suitable fruit bag for fruit trees.
(1) If the peel color is yellow-brown fruit, it is recommended to use a fruit bag with yellow outside and black inside; For fruits whose peel color is light green, white-green or yellow-white, it is recommended to use a fruit bag with gray on the outside and black on the inside or a three-layer fruit bag with good shading; If the peel color is yellow-green fruit, it is recommended to use a fruit bag with yellow outside and yellow inside, or a white fruit bag; If the peel color is red, it is recommended to use a fruit bag with yellow on the outside and black on the inside or yellow on the outside and red on the inside. Generally, fruits with light peel are more suitable for fruit bags with high shading rate, and fruit bags with dark peel color are suitable for fruit bags with good light transmittance.
(2) The fruit bags used in the bagging of young fruits should be double-layer fruit bags with good waterproof outer bags and good air permeability of the inner bags, and it is generally not recommended to use single-layer fruit bags (especially plastic film bags, which are more suitable for fruit bags that are easy to rust).
(3) For fruit tree varieties with windy and rainy weather and fruit expansion, frequent rain and humidity during the veraison period, and late fruit ripening period, it is recommended to use shading thick fruit bags; For fruit tree varieties with less wind and rain and less rain during the fruit expansion and veraison period, drought climate and early fruit ripening period, it is recommended to use light-colored thin fruit bags. Generally, if the outdoor planting weather is relatively humid, it is necessary to choose fruit bags with good waterproof, antibacterial and air permeability (such as wood pulp paper bags), and fruit bags with high light transmittance (such as fruit bags with non-woven fabric + PP film) should be selected for planting in the shed with poor lighting conditions.
(4) Fruit tree varieties that can be easily and evenly colored without too much light during the fruit veraison period can be used with fruit bags with good light transmittance; Fruit tree varieties that require a lot of light to color during the veraison period and are prone to poor coloring during the veraison period need to use highly permeable fruit bags, transparent fruit bags, white fruit bags, and light-colored fruit bags.
(5) For fruit tree varieties with thin peel and easy to sunburn and rot, it is very important to recommend using fruit bags with good light transmittance and can prevent sunburn of young fruits.
Fifth, the key technical points of the bagging of young fruit trees
(1) When bagging young fruits, we must strictly follow the steps and sequences of "one support bag, two sets of fruits, three pressures, four tight mouths, five seals" and "from top to bottom, from the bore (inside) to the crown (outside), from short fruit branches to long fruit branches".
(2) When bagging young fruits, be sure to completely open the two ventilation drains at the bottom of the fruit bag to support the circle (to prevent the young fruits from burning and rotting), be sure to bag the mouth of the fruit bag downwards and the bottom of the bag upwards (discharge the hot air in the bag), be sure to let the young fruits hang in the air and then in the middle of the fruit bag, and not let the young fruits stick to the surrounding of the fruit bag (anti-high temperature burning fruit).
(3) When bagging young fruits, be sure to tie the mouth of the fruit bag tightly (in case the fruit bag enters the rain or is invaded by external bacteria and pests), and the sealing must not be too hard and too tight (in case the fruit stalk is strangled or shortened and affects the puffing fruit)
(4) When bagging young fruits, you must first apply medicine and then bag, and you must not avoid touching the surface of young fruits directly with your hands, and you must not directly rub the young fruits with your hands.
(5) After the young fruit is bagged, every once in a period of time (once a normal half a month), some fruit bags should be untied to check the situation of the young fruits in the bag (especially in bad weather such as strong wind and rain), to see if there is water accumulation in the fruit bag, the ventilation hole is closed and the bag mouth closure is loose, so as to ensure that the fruit bag can always be properly drained and breathable, otherwise the fruit in the fruit is easy to cause disease and rot due to high temperature and humidity.
(6) After the young fruit is bagged, if it encounters a continuous high temperature of more than 35 degrees, in order to prevent the high temperature hazards of the young fruit in the fruit bag, the vent at the bottom of the fruit bag must be ventilated and cooled quickly.
(7) After the young fruit is bagged, if the tree is relatively weak, it is necessary to increase fertilizer (such as flushing application of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate) to ensure the rapid expansion of young fruits, and the supply of nutrients is sufficient. If the fruit tree grows normally, in the orchard fertilization theory, it is necessary to follow the method of "stabilizing nitrogen, increasing phosphorus, and reducing potassium" (recommended medium/high nitrogen, high phosphorus and low potassium fertilizer) for the initial topdressing of the fruit (high potassium fertilizer will be used when it is about to change color), and at the same time, the soil moisture in the orchard should always be about 80% through watering (not dry and wet or too dry and too wet).
(8) After the young fruit is bagged, the various insecticides and fungicides in the orchard must be sprayed normally, so as to protect the tree, the leaves and the fruit, the health of the fruit tree is protected, the green leaf photosynthesis produces nutrients The ability is strong, and the young fruit on the tree can get more nutrients quickly and well.
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