In the recent "World Book Day", a milk tea brand cooperated with the well-known "Yilin Publishing House" to launch an advertising copy of "Smoke Cavity Oolong", claiming to "pay tribute" to the great writer Lu Xun, but among them, Lu Xun was called "old smoking gun".
After this commercial co-branded advertisement incident, it caused widespread controversy, and Mr. Lu Xun's family also publicly issued a lawyer's letter on the grounds of infringing on portrait rights, and the two co-branded parties involved also quickly responded and issued an apology.
First, only from the path of Lu Xun's descendants to protect their rights - "suing for portrait infringement" does have a ready-made legal basis as support.
For example, in the Civil Code, there is a clause on "protection of the personality interests of the deceased" - "If the name, likeness, reputation, honor, privacy, and body of the deceased are infringed, his spouse, children, and parents have the right to request the perpetrator to bear civil liability in accordance with the law; ”
At the same time, the Civil Code also stipulates: "Those who infringe on the names, likenesses, reputations, and honors of heroes and martyrs, and harm the public interest, shall bear civil liability." Mr. Lu Xun is known as a famous writer, thinker, and revolutionary, and if this clause is applied to protect it, there are enough reasons and persuasive force.
Second, if this matter is only about "infringing on Mr. Lu Xun's portrait rights", in fact, this is still a "superficial phenomenon" of this incident.
This commercialized and playful frivolous attitude reflects the indifference and disrespect for Chinese cultural celebrities in the bones of some Chinese people or institutions, which is actually the saddest side!
The disrespect for such an unborn great cultural standard-bearer is obviously related to some unhealthy habits and thinking that have been immersed in society for a long time.
Lu Xun's role in the Chinese nation is that he abandoned medicine and followed literature, and used the pen as a gun to save the soul and spirit of the people.
In Yan'an in 1937, Chairman Mao delivered an important speech at the conference to commemorate the anniversary of Lu Xun's death - "On Lu Xun": "Lu Xun's value in China is, in my opinion, China's first-class saint. Confucius was a sage in feudal society, and Lu Xun was a sage in modern China. ”
Mao Zedong, who was already regarded as a "saint and great man" by the Chinese people, evaluated Mr. Lu Xun as a "saint" in modern China -- he asked who else could make Chairman Mao give such a supreme evaluation?
Of course, looking at history, it is still not difficult to find that Mao Zedong's high evaluation of Mr. in "On Lu Xun" is mainly aimed at Lu Xun's "killing back the carbine" of the old era and feudal society, launching an attack on the corrupt society in which Lu Xun lived at that time, and "drawing the grimace of the dark forces".
In addition, another major aspect of Chairman Mao's praise of Mr. Lu Xun is his criticism and fighting spirit to the outside world:
In 1940, Mao Zedong published "On New Democracy", in which he also gave Lu Xun an evaluation that was almost a coffin:
"Lu Xun is the chief general of China's cultural revolution, he is not only a great writer, but also a great thinker and a great revolutionary. Lu Xun's bones are the hardest, and he does not have the slightest servility and flattery, which is the most precious character of the colonial and semi-colonial people. Lu Xun is the most correct, bravest, most resolute, most loyal, and most enthusiastic national hero on the cultural front, representing the majority of the whole nation, and charging into battle against the enemy. Lu Xun's direction is the direction of the new culture of the Chinese nation. ”
It can be said that until the founding of New China, this evaluation of Lu Xun reached the highest point in history.
However, when the old world that Lu Xun faced collapsed and came to the new China, the new society and the new era, Mao Zedong, like the great man, had some changes in the topic of Lu Xun:
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, when one "political movement" appeared, the situation of "public opinion uniformity" slowly formed, so there were more rumors about "what would happen to Lu Xun if he was still alive", and finally, this rumor also reached Mao Zedong's ears, so there was Mao Zedong in 1957, three talks about "what will happen to Lu Xun if he is alive".
The first time was on March 8, 1957, when Mao Zedong met with representatives of the literary and artistic circles, he said:
"I think Lu Xun can write essays when he is alive, and I'm afraid that he can't write novels, probably the chairman of the Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and he will talk about it when he is in a meeting. As soon as he talked about these 33 topics or wrote essays, he solved them. He must have something to say, he will definitely say it, and he is very brave. ”
The second time, on March 10, 1957, a few days later, when Mao Zedong met with representatives of the press and publishing circles, he said this:
"Someone asked, what will happen to Lu Xun if he is alive now? I see that Lu Xun is alive, and he dares to write, but he does not dare to write. Under the abnormal air, he will also not write, but more likely will write. As the saying goes: 'If you are willing to cut your body, you dare to pull the emperor off the horse.' Lu Xun was a true Marxist, a thorough materialist. A real Marxist, a thorough materialist, is fearless, so he will write. ”
These two conversations are found in the real annals of history, and their contents can also be found in the Collected Works of Mao Zedong, Volume VII.
In these two conversations with the cultural circles, although Chairman Mao still praised Lu Xun for "being brave, able to write, and daring to speak", etc., such as "probably the chairman of the Federation of Literary and Art Circles, he will talk about it at a meeting", and "He dares to write, but he does not dare to write." Under the abnormal air, he will not write", in fact, also shows Chairman Mao's true idea of seeking truth from facts at this time and at that time: that is, "if Lu Xun was still alive at that time", he may not have said it without scruples.
The third mention of Lu Xun is supported by the recollections and retellings of a third person, and is not seen in the formal official authoritative statement.
This content was disclosed by Zhou Haiying, the son of Lu Xun. Zhou Haiying wrote in "Seventy Years of Lu Xun and Me":
"In 1957, Chairman Mao went to Shanghai to live, and invited a few fellow villagers to chat according to the custom,...... Mr. Luo Jinan took a gap and asked Chairman Mao a bold idea: If Lu Xun was still alive today, what might happen to him?...... Unexpectedly, Chairman Mao was very serious about this, pondered for a moment, and replied: In my estimation, (Lu Xun) will either be locked up in prison or write, or he will not be silent. ”
This matter also received circumstantial evidence from the wife of the famous actor Zhao Dan and the writer Huang Zongying. Huang Zongying's article "I Personally Listened to Mao Zedong's Luo Jinan Dialogue" said:
"On July 7, 1957, it was rumored that Chairman Mao wanted to see us in the evening. …… We were ushered into a small venue,...... I saw the chairman asking with great interest, 'How are you doing?' and Luo Jinan replied, 'Now...... Chairman, I have often pondered a question, if Lu Xun was still alive today, what would happen to him?'......'Lu Xun?' Chairman Mao only moved slightly, and replied heartily: "Either he will be locked up in prison and continue to write about him, or he will not say a word." ’”
Although there are "testimonies" of Lu Xun's descendants and celebrities, there are still many people who believe that this third "On Lu Xun" may be fabricated. In fact, you might as well analyze the social environment at that time, and you can make your own conclusions:
The dialogue between Chairman Mao and Luo Jinan about Lu Xun's assumptions took place on July 7, 1957, and the month before, on June 8, 1957, Mao Zedong drafted the "Instructions on Organizing Forces to Prepare for the Counterattack of the Rightists" for the Central Committee, that is, the incident occurred one month after the official start of the "anti-rightist" political movement.
The target of the "anti-rightist" campaign is those non-party intellectuals who have made "rightist anti-party remarks" during the "rectification."
The first two times were in public confronting people in the cultural circles, and the answer to "what will happen to Lu Xun if he is alive" obviously has the meaning of warning the "rightists" not to "talk nonsense and stir around", but in terms of expression, it is still relatively obscure, low-key and restrained, but when meeting in private, Mao Zedong said "Lu-related" remarks for the third time so bluntly, which is not impossible and credible.
Human nature and social reality dictate that it is easier to criticize others than to criticize the outside world, but criticizing oneself and self-criticism have always been the two "pain points" in human weakness.
Therefore, when "if Lu Xun is alive now", it is possible to "go in" or "shut up", in fact, we can also imagine that, like Wang Shuo's wild criticism and belittlement of Lu Xun later, and then in the current school texts, those classic works of Lu Xun are becoming fewer and fewer, and they have developed to the point that today's merchants and publishing houses can violate the law and infringe on Mr. Lu Xun at will, and even joke about it as a "big smoking gun" - obviously, this is also the logical context of its occurrence and development: that is, the "disrespect" of the great critic Lu Xun It is not formed in a day or two, it has its own environment of continuous fermentation and catalysis.
In our society, in people's more ideas and cognitions, "singing merit and praise" is positive energy, while criticism is naturally classified as "negative energy" by many people.
If you dare to say "I only expose, I will not praise" to the extreme, like the writer Mo Yan, you will become a heinous traitor, bad guy and national scum in the eyes of many people.
In fact, there has really never been a shortage of praises in our history, in our country, but criticism, especially criticism that profoundly exposes the false and ugly, has become more and more scarce, which has a lot to do with people's misunderstanding of the perception and meaning of criticism.
In fact, praise and criticism are two sides of the same coin—criticism is wrong and ugly, but in fact, the purpose achieved by praise is not different from and exclusive, but for the same goal: that is, to make our society, country and nation more beautiful!
"Praise is a person's alternative hymn" -- why Lu Xun's spirit, which is regarded as "throwing a gun and a dagger," can get the highest praise, is actually mainly due to the spirit of criticism of Mr.! Without the powerful weapon of "criticism," there may not be a "Lu Xun" person in the world at all!
As for Lu Xun and the "spirit of Lu Xun", we should not regard them as a little girl's clothes as we do in history-when it is beneficial to me, I will put on the camouflage of a warrior; when it is unfavorable to me, we will abandon it like a piece of paper and step on 10,000 feet.
When we slowly begin to become "healed scars and forget the pain" -- the great "critical spirit" and "great critics" that are indispensable in the history of a nation's progress are either forgotten, or discarded, or ridiculed and ridiculed, and there is no longer a solemn and solemn awe, so the "spears and daggers" that are removed from the rot and sores are slowly bent and dissolved into the invisible, which is obviously the deepest sorrow of a nation!