Although P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4 motors have been widely used in fuel and hybrid system models, there are still many people like me who do not particularly understand their working principles and functions.
P0、P1、P2、P3、P4架构电机位置示意图
P0-P4 in front of the number, Position, as the name suggests, is the meaning of position, and the combination of P and number represents the position of the motor in the power system.
P0电机通常被称为BSG(Brushless Synchronous Generator)无刷同步发电机，对，它是发电机。
P0 motor location distribution diagram
The P0 motor is located on the front-end accessory drive system of the engine, and is linked with the engine through the belt pulley to realize the functions of power generation, engine start and automatic start and stop, and does not participate in the drive.
The P0 motor is widely used in diesel locomotives, range extenders, plug-in hybrids and other vehicles.
P1 motor position structure diagram
P1电机通常被称为ISG(Integrated Starter Generator)，集成式智能启动驱动发电机，
Located in front of the engine and clutch.
The P1 motor replaces the flywheel, is installed at the end of the engine crankshaft, and is integrated into the engine through the crankshaft as a rotor, which plays the role of generator, starter motor, inverter for kinetic energy recovery, and auxiliary power of the engine, and is widely used in 48V hybrid system vehicles.
P1 architecture 48V hybrid engine
Benefiting from the auxiliary drive of the electric motor, 48V hybrid vehicles can use a smaller engine displacement to achieve more torsional power performance, while recuperating braking energy when the engine is decelerated and providing auxiliary braking torque.
However, since the P1 and P0 cannot drive the vehicle alone, the weight of the vehicle is not obvious, and the fuel economy of large-class models with small displacement engines is very limited.
Location diagram of the P2 architecture motor
The P2 motor is located in the same position as the P1 motor, between the engine and the gearbox, but is not mounted on the engine crankshaft like the P1 motor, but is a separate entity.
Because it is independent, it is flexible.
Usually the P2 motor is arranged between the engine, clutch and clutch, and gearbox, and through the separation and meshing of the two sets of clutches, it can adapt to different functional requirements such as drive, deceleration and braking energy recovery, parking charging, and starting the engine.
P2 architecture hybrid 4x4 off-road vehicle
In the P2 architecture, the motor can drive the vehicle alone, the engine does not work when the kinetic energy is recovered, and the continuation of the transmission ratio does not require too much torque, so the motor can be made smaller and cost-saving, and the vehicle also has better fuel economy.
However, when the electric motor drives the vehicle, it is not possible to recover kinetic energy, and there are still bottlenecks in efficiency.
The longitudinal rear-wheel drive hybrid system off-road vehicles such as Changan iDD series, Wrangler, Prado, and Tank 500Hi4-T basically adopt the P2 architecture on the front axle of off-road vehicles.
集合P0、P3、P4架构四驱系统
The P3 motor is located at the end of the gearbox and is connected by belts, gears, or coaxially to the engine. The path of power transmission is the engine - clutch - gearbox - motor - reducer - wheels.
Compared to the P2, the P3 motor can either drive the half-shaft in series with the engine, or it can skip the transmission and drive the half-shaft directly through a set of reducers.
Most front-wheel drive plug-in hybrid vehicles basically use the P1 and P3 architectures.
代表车型有比亚迪DM-P、领克06eMP、长安启源A05等车型。
Wheel side motors
The P4 motor is not directly related to the engine or transmission, and is usually arranged on the rear axle drive axle or as a wheel motor to provide a rear drive power source for hybrid vehicles.
Since there is no mechanical connection between the P4 architecture motor and the engine, the front and rear axles are driven independently, which improves the power distribution efficiency, and the four-wheel drive stability and cornering performance are better.
However, the pure electric drive and pure engine drive of the P4 architecture model cannot be switched freely at the right time, and the handling and comfort are not very ideal.
P4 rear-wheel drive architecture
Volvo T8, Toyota intelligent electric hybrid dual-engine four-wheel drive series, Great Wall Haval Raptor Hi4, Thunder Hi4 and other models all have P4 architecture.
And BYD looks up to the U8, in fact, it is also a P4 architecture model that is separated from the engine-driven extended-range four-wheel side motor.
However, technological innovation is never-ending, P0-P4 is no longer separate and unrelated individuals, in order to provide better vehicle performance, many brand models are actively exploring the hybrid use of different architectures, we are difficult to define with a single or only two architectures.
For example, Geely EMP, Toyota electric hybrid dual-engine four-wheel drive, Great Wall four-wheel drive off-road vehicle, etc., all integrate different motor architectures such as P1, P2/P3, and P4. Hybrid vehicles are moving towards becoming more and more economical, reliable and comfortable.
I don't produce knowledge, I'm just a porter of knowledge.
Thank you friends for watching, and thank you friends for correcting errors, commenting or liking support.