Gao Jiyi/text
Zhang Xueliang inherited his father's shadow, but he was not arrogant. When he was young, he was only dedicated to goodness, and the old knowledge came from the good and good temptation of Bai Yongzhen, a former Qing Ju person. New knowledge is acquired by the YMCA. Knowledge of the world, English and legitimate sports such as tennis and golf are all interested in the YMCA. Military knowledge is taught in the martial arts hall. During the school period, the instructor Guo Songling supervised very strictly, and always knew the righteousness and future responsibilities. Because of this, he has great respect for Guo. Later, when he was in the military, he was about to be an assistant and relied on it.
When Nai Weng was promoted to the Fengtian Overseer, the commander of the 27th Division was promoted from Sun Liechen, commander of the 54th Brigade. At the most critical juncture, he personally came to the door to dissuade him, and although he failed to reverse Tang Zhi's arrogance immediately, he finally ran away and joined Zhang Xun, and Shenyang was spared from being destroyed. It can be seen that although he is young, he can care so much about the lives of the people (the so-called commander of the 27th Division was promoted by Sun, Tang was not right, Zhang was still the division commander when he was the first general). After taking charge of the military and politics, he was dedicated to goodness, and this was his action.
In 1919, he went to Japan to visit the autumn military exercises, and at that time he believed that Japan was a problem for China, especially the heart of Northeast China. The stronger the Japanese army, the greater the ambition, and the northeast bore the brunt of the threat. It's shocking. His determination to resist Japan and his belief in China's internal unity took root in this way. After returning to Japan, I will do my best to send students to study in Japan. He also organized the Tongze Club in Tokyo (the organization of the club was a matter of the future), hoping to encourage students studying in Japan to learn from the advantages of the Japanese and explore the inside of Japan, so that they can sort out the political reference in the future.
In 1921, the North China Games were held in Shenyang, and he did his best to build a stadium on the Wanquan River, and took care of the athletes from all over the provinces. At the end of the conference, Zhang Yufeng and his wife will present the award (this section is to be examined or in 1929. Zhou Huazhang endorsement).
In 1921, when he was the commander of the Guards Brigade, bandits were rampant in Jilin, and the people were struggling to make a living. Moreover, the trained soldiers inorganically used live ammunition to conduct exercises with living people. In order to eliminate the suffering of the people of Jilin, he led the whole brigade to Jilin to suppress bandits. Everywhere he went, he really suppressed bandits, and he did not commit any crimes against the common people, even the firewood and grass used were also paid according to the value, and the common people said that the young marshal's guards were really benevolent and righteous, and the Jilin team had to eat and drink in vain during the suppression of bandits. The bandits also said that the Guards Brigade was really chasing and was merciless, so they could not help but escape. The two sides understand each other, and if necessary, leave some supplies to help the bandit team report their victory. Therefore, there are more and more bandits. No one admires the young marshal's Red Riding Hood Guard.
In 1922, during the first direct war, he served as the commander of the second echelon. Get off at Yang Liuqing, follow Tang Erli and Youjiabao to Xin'an Town, and expect to occupy Baoding. At this time, he was only 22 years old, and he was commanding a combat unit for the first time, and he was very interested. Whenever he visited the front line, he personally loaded his gun, like the soldiers, and when he spoke to the soldiers on the battle line, the soldiers urged him to leave the position, but he was very calm. In the midst of the victory, it was suddenly rumored that Zhang Jinghui on the West Road was defeated, and he sent Gao Jiyi to contact Zhang Zuo in the middle road, knowing that he was in chaos. After receiving the general retreat order, the army sent a rearguard unit led by Guo Songling in accordance with the tactical regulations, and withdrew from Shanhaiguan in an orderly manner and Li Jinglin's third echelon was closely armed. After many fierce battles with Wang Chengbin and other troops of the direct army, there were many casualties on both sides, and finally the direct army was prevented from continuing to advance eastward.
For example, when our regiment commander Wang Zaozhou was killed, the officers from the military academy of the direct army wept bitterly for Mr. Wang. When Zhang Xueliang heard this, he was very sad, so he planted the roots of the armistice.
The two sides confronted each other for about two months, and on June 17 he was ordered to make a truce with Wang Chengbin, the representative of the direct army. Representatives of the two sides boarded the British warship "Karliu" in Qinhuangdao and agreed on six conditions:
1. The two armies work together for the Republic of China;
2. The Feng army withdrew its forward position at 9 o'clock before noon on the 18th;
3. The Feng army withdrew its position south of Erlang Temple at 6 o'clock before noon on the 19th, and the direct army concentrated in the remaining camp before noon on the same day;
4. The two armies began to retreat at 6 o'clock before noon on the 20th;
5. The two armies were completely withdrawn within 3 days;
6. Direct troops are not allowed to enter the three eastern provinces.
The terms were signed smoothly, and the men of both sides dispersed after lunch on board the British warship. Both parties fulfilled the conditions without delay. The railway was immediately reopened to traffic, and it was changed to two sections, Fengyu and Jingshan, each with a road bureau to manage.
The Northeast Army returned to its original defense, and most of them were scattered residential houses. Zhang Xueliang thought that it was extremely unreasonable to harass the people in this way, and hurriedly built barracks and houses in Tangling, Dongshanzuizi, Changtu, and Jinzhou. This is a manifestation of his concern for the people.
After the First Zhifeng War, the Northeast Front reorganized its army and fought through the military. Zhang Xueliang thought of future wars, and airplanes were the most important. The general office of the Northeast Aviation Department was originally Qiao Hanzhang, and the chairman of the Andong Wood Mining Company (Qiao Hanzhang's name is Gengyun, and he is Fengzhang's old staff. Zhou Huazhang's note). Zhang Zi also served as the general office, and paid equal attention to the expansion of the aviation industry and the reorganization of the army. On the one hand, a large number of new machines were purchased, and on the other hand, international students were sent to France to learn driving. At that time, Tohoku's aviation industry was second to none in China. Later, in the War of Resistance against Japan, the air force personnel from the Northeast also made great contributions.
In 1924, during the Second Fengzhi War, he was very successful in his aviation career. It can be used for war bombing, but he is only used for reconnaissance, which is a concrete manifestation of his concern for the lives of the people.
The whole army is very important to weapons and ammunition, and the Fengtian Arsenal was founded by Han Linchun, and it was soon seized by Yang Yuting. From looking at the sample to sign the contract, and even the acceptance and payment of the intermediate procedures are heavy, one point can not be checked, there is a worry about being affected by the whole body, for Yang Zhi's power and corruption, Zhang Xueliang did not know, but because Yang is a person trusted by his father, he thought that the water was clear and there were no fish, and he was satisfied with the use of the weapon and ammunition. It is a rat trap and is inconvenient to trace. Later, Yang was executed, which was one of the reasons.
At that time, Li Yichun also founded a mortar factory and hired a British technician (the British technician's name was Shatton. Zhou Hua's signature). The plant was small in scale and had little expense, but it was well-produced, and the additional mortar companies of each regiment of the Northeast Army were supplied by this small factory. It played a great role in the Second Fengzhi War. In fact, the arsenal should be called to make mortars. But he also called Li Lai to found, Zhang Xueliang intended to ask Yang Yuting to take a look, urging him to automatically improve the arsenal, but Yang ignored it.
The old army in the Northeast was very complicated, and it had never learned even the most basic knowledge and technology. So as soon as there is a fight, he will cover his head and turn around. During the first Fengzhi War, there is an interesting story that can be illustrated. Write it out for future reference. Once, Tang Yulin listened to a detective report from the echelon headquarters that Wu Peifu had come to the battlefield. Tang said to go and get him. With that, he led the team away. He immediately came back and said: The enemy has artillery, and he can't catch it. Just like the performance of the ugly general on the stage, it is ridiculous and shameful. He thought that Tang's father had not been deeply responsible.
The old divisions and brigades in the northeast did not attach importance to knowledge, and since they had learned the lessons of the first direct battle, they had to be sorted out in a big way. As a result, the Northeast Army Finishing Office was established. Zhang Zuolin, the superintendent, Sun Liechen, the director, Han Linchun, Jiang Dengxuan, and Zhang Xueliang served as the chief of staff. The Northeast Army was changed into 18 brigades, and the original 38th Brigade was changed to 26 Brigades, and he and Guo Songling were divided into brigade commanders. The plan was first tested and trained by the 26th Brigade to prove whether there was no obstacle to whether ideals and facts could be coordinated, and Guo Songling was also good at training the army, and if he thought it was feasible, he would implement it for the whole army. In less than two years, the quality of the army was greatly improved, and later the shame of defeat in the first direct war was the result of Zhang Xueliang's hard work.
The cooperation between the Northeast Army and Mr. Sun Yat-sen was contacted by Ye Gongqiu. At that time, many people did not approve of it, and he saw that the Beiyang warlords were unismal, unorganized, and would eventually fail. After trying his best to persuade his father, he finally cooperated and remitted 1 million yuan to Mr. Zhongshan. Later, when Wang Jingwei arrived in Shenyang, he also entertained him hobbyly and sent Ning Wu to greet everything.
In the winter of 1923, Jidu Sun Liechen died, Zhang Zuoxiang was promoted to Jilin Governor, he was promoted to the commander of the 27th Division, the spirit of the whole training was the same as that of the 26th Brigade, the brigade commander was not moved, the regiment commanders were all changed to students, and the weather was new. When he lived in the headquarters, he raised the national flag in the morning and lowered the national flag in the evening every day, and the military music played the national music continuously.
In 1924, at the beginning of the Second Fengzhi War, he was organized into the 13rd Combined Army with the 26th Brigade of the 27th Division. He and Guo Songling served as the front of the attack on Shanhaiguan, and Jiang Dengxuan served as the right flank, attacking Qinhuangdao in the Black Mountain Kiln. The main force of the direct army was Peng Shouxin and Yang Qingchen, and the two sides confronted each other for more than a month, regardless of victory or defeat. Guo Songling attacked the fortified position with many casualties, and then transferred Liu Yifei and other three regiments to the Black Mountain Kiln, planning to break through Qinhuangdao with Jiang Dengxuan with additional powerful troops and cut off the back road of Shanhaiguan. Jiang said in a contemptuous tone that Guo was not capable of breaking through Shanhaiguan, but came to use the position of others to win to assist, showing a slight trick. Guo Yi was angry and took his subordinates away, and threatened to commit suicide if he did not go down the mountain customs. Jiang Dengxuan also took the opportunity to tell Zhang Xueliang that if soldiers like Guo did not kill them, their future would be worrying. Zhang Xueliang immediately led a part of the armed forces to chase Guo Songling. When they met, he scolded Guo Songling not to act casually. Guo said: You can't skillfully take away other people's military exploits in the position where they are about to win. The two cried bitterly at the same time, and Guo said that this action was not right, and if you want to kill, please kill. He was angry at Guo's trip and ordered to quickly bring his troops with him for the main attack, and as a result, he occupied Qinhuangdao at dawn the next day. It is often heard that the defeat of the army is like a mountain, and now it is tested. Only Liu Yifei's regiment was able to surrender the weapons of the two divisions of the direct army.
The arrogant soldiers will be defeated, Wu Peifu raised the soldiers of the whole country to think that they would win, and in terms of the officers' uniforms, the direct army was all satin bedding, and the food was very rich, and they were ready to serve the New Year. The military uniform is very simple, the regiment commander and above are allowed to bring two blankets, and the officers and soldiers hold the idea of dying if they do not win, so the mourners win. Wu Peifu's reinforcements had an unplanned plan, and they came one by one, but they were all broken by each one.
When Feng's army won at Shanhaiguan, Zhang Zongchang entered Luanzhou from Lengkou, and Li Jinglin approached Tianjin from Xifengkou. The one who hurt Wu Peifu's brain the most, on October 23, Feng Yuxiang returned to Beijing from Gubeikou and imprisoned Cao Kun in Yanqing Building. Things changed drastically, the direct army lost its center of gravity, and Wu Peifu was still struggling, and soon collapsed. Feng Jun Jiangxue was ashamed of the fiasco of the first direct battle of Feng that year.
After the victory of the war, the reward for meritorious deeds was the most important thing, and he respected the father's will, and gave preferential status to outsiders first. Li Jinglin supervised Zhizhi, Zhang Zongchang supervised Lu, Jiang Dengxuan supervised Anhui, Yang Yuting supervised Su, only Guo Songling, who was the most diligent in training and the most effective in warfare, did not move, and Guo led his subordinates to fight, and the distress was actually manifested in the language actors, and Guo Shi also felt sorry for his subordinates. When the tide rises, Zhang Zongchang, Chu Yupu, and other subordinates and their entourage, such as Ma Ben, are all organized as battalion commanders, and even go up. As a result, Guo's subordinates remained untouched and dissatisfied. Guo couldn't help but feel a resentment in his heart, which became one of the factors for his defection in 1925.
Yang Yuting and Jiang Dengxuan were the honorable governors of Su and Anhui, which was beyond the expectations of ordinary people. Yang Xiang has never been in charge, but now he is favored and arrogant, and he was soon defeated by Sun Chuanfang and fled back to Fengtian. He also asked Zhang Zuolin to send troops south again, trying to recover and Anhui, and reinstate Su Governor.
Yang got Zhang Zuolin's favor and did whatever he wanted, and he thought it was a pity that he was not involved in the army. It stipulates that all vacancies in the armed forces are not allowed to be filled by themselves, but must be filled by the reserve army. The commander of the reserve army is Yu Zhen, who was born as a non-commissioned officer. Its most poisonous was called the old Northeast Army, which fought from the Jinghan line to Hankou, and then moved to the mountains to recapture Nanjing, so as to return to the Jiangsu overseer.
In this way, the old Northeast Army will suffer heavy losses, and the formed reserve army of the non-commissioned officer department will have the opportunity to insert itself into the army, and in the long run, the Northeast Army will be completely controlled by the non-commissioned officer department. Guo Songling visited military exercises in Japan and was transferred back to China to prepare to fight in the south again. Guo saw through Yang's trick and told Zhang Xueliang, and Zhang Yun reported back to his father. One day, Zhang Zuolin telegraphed Guo Songling three times to return to Feng, Guo was afraid that it would be unfavorable to him, so he decided to defect. In its power-up, "there are generals who still have the heart of a comeback." This is a renegade revolution produced by arrogant abuse of power and rampant oppression regardless of the overall situation, and it is the greatest misfortune for the Northeast to lose its vitality.
After Guo Zhi's defection failed, Yang Yuting, Wu Juncheng and others strongly advocated that all officers above the regimental commander level who participated in the battle be executed. Zhang Xueliang knew that these officers were his own cadres, and such a deal would be tantamount to disarming himself. He said that the 1st and 3rd Coalition Forces have always been jointly signed by Zhang and Guo to give orders, but this defection was all signed by the joint signatures from beginning to end, and the subordinates had no way of knowing the details and could not hold them responsible. Therefore, Bute did not adopt the proposition of Yang Yuting and others, but ordered everyone to be reinstated, so his power still ranked first in the Northeast Army. Later, he was able to assist his father as the generalissimo of the national navy, army and air force.
In 1925, after the tragedy in Shanghai on May 30, the public concession went on strike on June 1, and Zheng Qian, the governor of Jiangsu Province, went to Shanghai and asked him to go south. When he saw the upsurge of the anti-Japanese resistance of the students in Beijing and Tianjin, he was very sympathetic, so he led a team to Shanghai to set up a headquarters on Gonghe Road in Zhabei. Before departure, a special yellow satin badge was made, and the words "Protecting the Country, Defending the People, and Dealing with Peace" were written horizontally. Receiving people from all walks of life every day, adopting opinions, refusing to socialize, working day and night, it was finally resolved, and the market was scheduled to start resuming work on June 26. He was only 25 years old this year, and it was a beautiful boy in the bustling world of Shanghai, who was tempting people everywhere, and he actually had the strength to grasp it, which was really commendable.
In the Battle of Henan in 1927, when Kaifeng was just around the corner, Yu Zhen's 10th Army and Zhao Enzhen's 11th Army failed one after another. Fu Shuangying was captured in Shangcai, and Chen Shen was executed. Zhang Xueliang was extremely unhappy, because he smoked opium with Han Linchun to relieve his boredom. Soon the addiction to smoking became very deep, and then he switched to injecting poison needles and became depressed. It wasn't until 1933 when he was in Shanghai before going abroad that he finally quit after a lot of intense pain. This is a great demonstration of his perseverance.
Chen Shenyuan was stationed in Shenyang as the commander of the heavy artillery battalion, but Guo Songling did not participate when he defected, but was promoted to division commander because of his attention. Particularly preferential treatment for officers and soldiers, Chen was arrogant and arrogant. The Henan Campaign belonged to the 11th Army, and when the battle was slightly defeated, Chen was not ordered to retreat without authorization, and the whole army was defeated. Based on Chen's free movement, the army commander Zhao Enzhen asked Chen to be executed to enforce military discipline. Zhang Xueliang wanted to protect Chen's life, but the situation did not allow it, so he slashed him with tears. Later, he often took care of Chen's family.
The army that entered Henan retreated north one after another, and Shijiazhuang was garrisoned by Wan Fulin's army, but fortunately, Yan Xishan did not send troops to Shijiazhuang to block the way back, and the army headquarters was stationed in Baoding. The commander of the Han Linchun Army returned to Shen due to illness and died of cerebral congestion. He was sad that his good friend was missing.
Zhang Zongchang shot and killed the famous newspaper people Shao Piaoping and Lin Baishui in Beijing, and he was about to give up with him, and Zhang Xueliang was surprised when he heard this: If you kill people at will without being tried by law, what kind of world will you become? Zhang Zongchang did not dare to be presumptuous, and I was saved from death. This is an act of valuing public opinion and respecting human rights.
In that year, Fu Zuoyi led the Jin army to cross the Taihang Mountain to attack Zhuozhou, and the Northeast Army surrounded the Fu army. Zhang Xueliang believed that Fu Jun was alone in the depths and that the support was intercepted, so it was not difficult to solve the problem, because he ordered the artillery not to use heavy artillery, let alone send the air force to bomb, so as not to cause the people's lives and property to suffer from the pond fish, and as a result, the local gentry and church people mediated to relieve the siege. Zhang did not treat Fu Jun as a prisoner, and welcomed Fu Zuoyi to live in Baoding.
In March 1928, Zhang Xueliang led the personnel from all over the country to take a special train to Dongguang Station to review Yu Xuezhong's troops, and the cadres were incorporated into the Third and Fourth Front Army, and all the salaries and clothing were treated with the first line in the Northeast. Since then, Zhang and Yu have treated each other with sincerity, beginning and ending.
He was born in a situation similar to Tang Taizong, and he did not think of Tang Taizong as his own condition. He wanted to read "Zhenguan Political Dignitaries", and asked friends to buy it everywhere, but unfortunately he couldn't get a rare book, and then Zhang Arc gave a Song Xian book that he cherished very much, and put it on his desk to read at any time.
After Han Linchun's death, he invited Yang Yuting to be the commander of the third and fourth legions, and Yang always wanted to seize military power, and he was very happy. Yang praised military affairs on the Jinghan line, and often took many guards to take another special car. Even for one attack and one defense, you have to consult the warlock to choose an auspicious day and choose an auspicious time. He did not welcome it and did not object to it. It is ridiculous to say, one day, the special car stopped at Matou Town Station, suddenly a white rabbit broke into the car, and then fled, so the warlock said that there must be an unfortunate thing in the afternoon, the car exited the station, and in the afternoon there were enemy cavalry into the station and set fire to the house, because of the coincidence and ambition.
Before the attack on Zhangde, the commander's special car drove south during the day, passed through Matou Town, Cizhou to the north bank of the Zhanghe River, and returned to Handan at night. Zhang Xueliang personally solicited public opinion, visited local elders, invited them to dinner in a special car, and inquired in detail whether the Northeast Army had any harassment. I sincerely ask the villagers not to worry, talk freely during the banquet, and disperse happily.
In the countryside of Cizhou to buy an epitaph, there are some simple words in the text, such as the national character as a circle, he said that this is a relic of Wu Zetian, see the end of the fruit has a vertical arch year, by the way brought back to Shenyang, presented to the Fengtian Provincial Education Association, Cizhou gentry heard about it, asked him to return Cizhou as a commemorative deposit, he has allowed. It is a pity that "918" was lost.
Henan villages are all inhabited, there are very high and thick walls, called the village, open the north and south gates called the village gate, there are red guns will defend. There are lookouts at the four corners of the wall, directing the opening and closing of the walled gate. Whenever Zhang Xueliang crossed these villages, he would make a detour and not pass through, in order to show respect for the discipline of the villagers. He tried his best to appease the exiles and strictly forbade harassment. Along the way, he often called the elders of the township farmers to personally express their condolences and distribute some change, although the number was not much, it also spread with joy.
In the spring of 1928, the Feng army was in a serious situation, the periphery of Hebei was lost, and the Northern Expeditionary Army was getting closer and closer on the Jinghan and Jinpu roads, and Beijing became a corner of the bureau. Zhangde's victory was like an empty entry into Baoshan, and it was roughly related to the defeat of those who were implicated in the first Zhifeng War. Zhang Xueliang returned to Beijing from Baoding and persuaded Zhang Zuolin's Feng army to withdraw to his hometown in the northeast, and he sent Zhang Zuolin back to Feng by car, but the special car was bombed at Huanggutun Station on June 4, and Zhang Zuolin died soon after.
Ignorant scum like Zhang and Chu only know how to eat, drink and have fun, and there is no reason not to fail in any aspect. Their ranks were all rabble, harassing the people everywhere, the reputation of the Northeast Army made them discredited, and then in Luanhe still wanted to ask for a large establishment, food, housing and harassment in various places in the Northeast, he really could not allow it, and actually clashed with Hu Yukun's army in Luanhe, and was defeated. Zhang Zongchang fled to Dalian by civilian boat, and Chu Yupu returned to Shen to Nanman Station.
On the 17th day of April in the lunar calendar, it was his birthday, and he was not excited when he got up in the morning to know about the bombing of the car by Huanggutun. Although some guests came to congratulate him that day, they dispersed after a hasty conversation. The personnel of the army headquarters immediately took a special car to the military grain city, and contacted Yu Yizhi by phone, knowing that his father was indeed martyred in Huanggutun, he calmly arranged everything, and said sadly: I will no longer live in my life.
The special car drove to Changli, where he and Yang Yuting lived in a temple on the north slope of the railway. A few days later, he secretly changed into soldier clothes with all the guards and left for Shenyang. It is said that it is to get off at the fork of the aviation department and enter the city. This matter was very tight, and the commanders of the corps did not know about it, and then Yang led the corps to relocate to Shanhaiguan, and the army was assembled by Bao Wenyue, the chief of staff, and there was still the strength to attack and retreat.
After Zhang Xueliang returned to Shenyang, the Northeast mourned Zhang Zuolin. At the beginning of August, the hanging was officially opened, and there were many people from all sides. Chiang Kai-shek also sent a wreath, and the words "Yugong through the ages" were called on the paragraph. He is mourning more than constant anxiety. He believed that to avenge his father's insults, he must first seek national reunification. The exchange of messengers between the two sides is endless. Japan also sent a special envoy, Hayashi Quansuke, to hang him. He had paid a diplomatic courtesy greeting at the Japanese Consulate. Every time we talk about the work of reward, the words are wonderful, so that the Japanese people have no chance to take advantage of it. Rulin asked him how old he was, which was very rude diplomatically, and he replied that he was the same age as the emperor of your country. This kind of improvisation of the Q&A is a testament to its cleverness.
The Japanese-run "Manchuria Bao" was widely sold, and once held a public opinion poll in which dozens of people, including Zhang Xueliang, Yang Yuting, Zhang Zuoxiang, and Wan Fulin, were listed on the same list, and ballots were printed below, and readers could choose one military and political chief of the three eastern provinces and one chairman of each of the three provinces of Feng, Kyrgyzstan, and Heihei. Yang Yuting took advantage of this opportunity to falsify public opinion, bought thousands of newspapers, and filled in his name, but the number of votes he received was still not as large as Zhang Xueliang's, which shows that the public opinion is attributed. Bai Wei sold thousands of additional newspapers, and later because the Yang family sold thousands of newspapers, the secret of the election campaign was revealed.
When Zhang Xueliang was the president of Northeastern University, he donated 10 million yuan from his father's inheritance, half of which was used to expand Northeastern University and build the schools of literature and law, libraries, stadiums, Hanqing Building, etc. He also hired many well-known scholars as professors, and was known as a well-known university in the country for a time, and the other half was used as a fund for primary and secondary schools in Northeast China, which was managed by the board of directors.
In order to reduce expenditures, the Northeast has reorganized the armed forces, changing the commander of the army to a military senator and a division commander to a brigade commander. Everything went smoothly. The arsenal, which is hosted by Yang Yuting, is asking for more funding. Zhang Xueliang said to Yang: The funds are limited, you know, what is the way to increase the funds? Yang replied: The railways can allocate a certain amount of money every month. Chang Yin Huai also promised in person. Prior to this, Zhang Xueliang had discussed with Chang in person, hoping to raise some funds from the railway to supplement military spending, but Chang refused and said: No. Now he actually did it for Yang, and the comparison before and after proves that the two of them colluded with each other. Later, they were put to death together, which is one of the reasons.
When the military senators held a meeting, Zhang Xueliang was unable to fully preside over it because of his poor spirits. Yang Yuting is the chairman of each self-chairman. Occasionally, when Zhang went downstairs to make a claim, he was often rejected by Yang, and even said "You don't know, you don't care" and other words. Such a disrespectful gesture is a gesture of disrespect. Although Zhang Xueliang was indifferent to this on the surface, he may have planted a killing machine in his heart. and did not accept any position, Yang only lived in Shenyang to win over civil and military officials, and waited for the opportunity. He also revealed that he injected a lot of needles every day, and he would kill himself.
On October 9, 1928, he was appointed as a member of the national government, and the next day a military parade was held, he entered at 8 o'clock, wearing a general's uniform, his left arm wrapped around a black yarn, riding a horse to parade after the parade, and the air force was also flying in the sky, which was an unprecedented event in the Northeast.
In the spring of 1929, at about 5 o'clock in the afternoon of one day not far from the Spring Festival, Zhang Xueliang summoned Gao Jiyi by phone and went straight into his bedroom to secretly tell him: Yang and Chang forced Yu too much, hindering the unification of the whole country, and insisted on announcing Chang Yinhuai as the supervisor of the Northeast Railway and establishing a public office to manage the Eastern Provincial Railway. Zhang said that this matter was foreign to the Soviet Union and involved the functions and powers of the central authorities, and that it must be considered in the long run. Yang took out the note he had already written and forced him to sign and publish it. Zhang still said that he had to think about it, and when it was time for dinner, he would study it after dinner. After returning from dinner, the two entered the tiger hall. Zhang ordered Gao Jiyi and Tan Hai to lead six guards into the hall to announce that they would be executed immediately when Yang and Chang came again on the orders of the commander. Afterwards, on the one hand, he told Hu Ruoyu, who was in Tianjin, to go to Nanjing to report to Chiang Kai-shek by telephone, and on the other hand, he made a form of military court trial in writing, listed the charges of Yang and Chang, and reported them to Nanjing for the record. According to Hu Tanguo, some people went to Nanjing to file a lawsuit, but of course they did not get the point.
On December 29, 1928, the Northeast officially changed its banner and changed to hang the blue sky and white sun flag. It was made by the quilt factory overnight. After the change of banner, the appearance of Shenyang city changed. The Northeast Army marched through the streets. The Japanese were surprised to see this, and probably their intelligence officer did not know that he would be punished in advance. A few days later, Zhang Xueliang took the oath in the auditorium of the provincial government to assume the post of commander of the Northeast Frontier Defense and chairman of the Northeast Political Affairs Committee. Fengtian Province was changed to Liaoning Province, and the chairman and members of the province also made an announcement and took the oath of office at the same time. The central government sent Fang Benren to take the oath. Fang is a political councilor and lives in Shenyang to show the unity of the two sides.
Japan was unwilling to sit back and watch China's reunification and prepare for foreign affairs, so the South Manchurian Railway sent Kimura to ask Zhang Xueliang to solve the outstanding case related to the railway issue. Zhang sent Gao Jiyi to handle it. The two sides agreed on the method to be studied by the Organizing Committee. However, the Japanese committee members were never dispatched, so the meeting was not held. During the talks, Kimura said that the Japanese military attaches great importance to this issue, and if it cannot be resolved at an early date, accidents will inevitably occur.
Before that, the Japanese people insisted on building the Jihui Railway. The Chinese understand that once something happens, Japan can march through Dalian, Andong, and Huining. It's a pity that the strength can be resisted. It was Gao Chongmin and others who founded the diplomatic support association, and because Jin Zechen was also a comrade, he used the Beiping company he ran to hold a secret meeting upstairs. There were many people who participated, and the Japanese thought that they should not be taken lightly, so they fell silent for a while, and this was the first time he had negotiated with the Japanese with the support of the people. In 1929, with the support of Japanese soldiers, the Koreans planted rice fields in front of Beiling in Shenyang, forcibly occupied civilian land, and demolished railway branch lines. At that time, the Northeast Diplomatic Association, which was led by Yan Baohang and others, played a very important role, and the Japanese went so far as to ask Zhang Xueliang to ban it, to which Zhang replied: This is a matter of public opinion, so why can it be stopped? When the Japanese saw that the negotiations were fruitless, they were even more unwilling, and then the September 18 Incident occurred. This is noted later.
When Zhang Xueliang was the governor of the Northeast Frontier Defense, he made 20,000 student diaries with photographs printed on the leather and sent them to middle school students in various schools in Shenyang. He also purchased 1,000 copies of the "Universal Library" and sent them to the libraries of middle schools in the province, which is a manifestation of his emphasis on education. Zang Qifang, the manager of the Fengtian Commercial Press, got to know him with special discounts, and paid great attention to it, and often summoned him to the palace to talk about reasoning, and later recommended the director of the Tianjin Municipal Social Bureau and the acting mayor.
Zhang Xueliang likes to get close to European people, and is about brothers of the opposite sex with Gu Weijun and Luo Wengan. In 1928, when the Northeast Army left the customs, Luo Wengan went to Shenyang as a professor at Northeastern University, was a frequent visitor to Beiling Villa, and later became the foreign minister of the Nanjing government with Zhang Zhili. has changed his attitude drastically, and he is particularly critical of things in the Northeast, and ordinary people don't shake their heads when they mention Luo's behavior, but he doesn't comment on it indifferently. Although Gu Weijun is also a snob, he is not as good as Luo. After "918", Gu Weijun accompanied Li Dun to Shenyang to investigate. Both of these are his own plans to make a fortune as an official, and he does not blame them deeply.
When Wang Yongjiang was the governor and director of the Department of Finance, his family lived in the official residence in the backyard of the Department of Finance. Later, when Liu Shangqing was the director of the Department of Finance, Liu's family moved in, and the provincial government personnel was immediately reorganized. Soon, Liu became the governor of the province, and he paid attention to academic qualifications. Zhang Xueliang was transferred to the post of Minister of Finance because Qi Gongliang, the director of the Department of Education, studied economics in the United Kingdom. Qi Jian asked Governor Liu to give up the official residence, but Liu begged for relief and sued Zhang Xueliang. Zhang Jueqi's behavior was very inappropriate, and he was immediately removed from his post and replaced with Zhang Zhenlu. Qi Zhi's Minister of Finance was only a flash in the pan, and it took less than seven days before and after.
Wang Yongjiang was good at managing money in Mukden, and he could even think of founding Northeastern University, which was really rare, but there was no great progress, and he was appointed as the president by the Security Council, and he expanded into a well-known university in the country, as mentioned above.
Wang Yongjiang has made meritorious contributions to financial management in Fengtian. In 1927, Wang died of illness in Jinzhou, and Zhang Xueliang was sorry. Wang's son is studying at Northeastern University, he doesn't know how to make progress, and often fools around in the dance field and the team, he found persuasion to no avail, and said very sadly: Min Lao is unfortunate to have such a son!
In the summer of 1929, he believed that since the Northeast was unified with Guannai, the railway was still under the management of Jingshan and Fengyu, which was unreasonable, and he sent Gao Jiyi to Nanjing to state his opinions on the merger, which won the praise of Chiang Kai-shek, that is, it was changed to the Beining Railway Bureau, and Gao Jiyi was appointed as the director.
In 1929, Zhang Xueliang believed that the railway transportation in Northeast China and the port of Tuna were under the control of the Japanese, so Gao Jiyi prepared a countermeasure and submitted it to the nuclear seizure. After a detailed study, in addition to the railway network to be implemented step by step, two methods have been proposed:
First, the Shenhai, Jihai, Jichang, Jidun and other four-way intermodal transport, named the East Fourth Road Intermodal Transport, the opening of the four-way intermodal transport, Sitao, Taoang, Qike and other four-way intermodal transport, named the West Fourth Road Intermodal Transport. In this way, the South Manchurian Railway, which was controlled by the Japanese, could be encircled, and the products of Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces could be transported to Yingkou, Qinhuangdao, and Tianjin, and exported by sea and land;
2. For the construction of Huludao Port, a special fund of 500,000 yuan will be allocated by the Bac Ninh Road Bureau every month, half for the construction of the port and half for the construction of the commercial port, and the representative of the Dutch port company will agree to pay on a monthly basis.
Gao used this plan to ask for instructions in person, and with his wise judgment, he thought it was feasible, Zhang Xueliang agreed to this plan, and asked him to do it urgently.
After that, Gao Feng signed a port construction contract with the Dutch port company on the one hand, and submitted it to the Ministry of Railways for the record. The explanation was instructed by order of Chief Zhang. It is also planned to set up a port office in the Road Bureau to be stationed on the island to manage port construction affairs. The Ministry of Railways approved the record. If the road bureau urgently needs to start work, Pai Ningwu will be the deputy director to organize the arrival of the port to start working.
June 21, 1930, is his first thirtieth birthday, but also the second anniversary of Zhang Zuolin's death, he has already said in advance, not to do a life in his life, and Zhang Qun, Wu Tiecheng generations are very attentive, with a full 30th birthday and the new announcement of the deputy commander of the national navy, land and air force, insisting on giving him a birthday, and some people have an excuse to calculate his birthday according to the old calendar, four days later than the death date. On the day of the birthday, the Beiling Villa set up a colorful shed and sang a church meeting, which was lively all night. Zhang Qun and others are shameless, but Zhang Xueliang himself is not firm.
On July 2, 1930, the opening ceremony of Huludao Port Construction was held, and he personally presided over it, and erected a stone tablet on the West Mountain, which was written as a monument to the construction of Huludao Port.
The ceremony was unprecedented. Zhang Qun, Wu Tiecheng and others all came. Shanxi sent Cui Tingxian, the South Manchurian Railway sent two directors, the Eastern Provincial Railway sent Director Hua, and a special train from Tianjin and Shen to entertain the gentry and businessmen, and everyone closed the meeting in a very happy atmosphere. He wore a navy uniform and boarded the "Haiqi" ship to review the navy, stayed on the island for two more days, and then went to Beidaihe.
Yan Xishan contacted Wang Jingwei, Feng Yuxiang, and others to hold an enlarged meeting in Beijing, and fought fiercely with Chiang Kai-shek. Prior to the incident, Zhang Xueliang had sent a winter telegram in March, saying that "political opinions do not interfere with consultations, and cannot be a dispute between wills and deeds. He bitterly hoped for peace, but it backfired, and the two sides fought for six or seven months. If it is allowed to drag on any longer, not only will the people suffer from misery, but it will also be worrying to introduce foreign insults. In order to safeguard the unity of the country, he sent another clever telegram on 18 September, which said: "I have always cherished the love of the people and the maintenance of reunification, and I cannot bear to see the compatriots in various places suffer another catastrophe, and the international status of the people will be spared the risk of degeneration." As soon as this telegram came out, the Northeast Army immediately entered the customs, and the enlarged meeting of Yan, Wang, Feng, and others collapsed. The situation of national unity was maintained.
Beijing was renamed Beiping, and the Northeast Army entered the customs for the fourth time, with Yu Xuezhong as the commander of the Pingjin garrison, Wang Shuchang as the chairman of Hebei Province, Zhou Dawen and Hu Ruoyu as the mayors of Beiping and Qingdao respectively, Zang Qifang as the acting mayor of the Tianjin Municipal Social Bureau, and Zhang Xueming as the director of the public security bureau (later the mayor). The chairman of Shanxi Province and the chairman of Suiyuan Province were appointed by Shang Zhen and Fu Zuoyi, the generals of the old Jin Army. The Northeast Army was not stationed in the two provinces, and Yan Xishan's original organization was not dismantled. This is a causal link to Yan Wei in 1928 when he sent troops to Shijiazhuang to cut off the way back.
The affairs in the north were generally arranged, and the military tax system was changed, and the taxes of Chongwenmen were all exempted, and the military training in the northeast that entered the customs was tried to break the bad habits of the past, and the situation in North China was completely new. Then go to Nanjing to meet with Chiang Kai-shek. After he arrived at Pukou from Tianjin, he crossed the Yangtze River on board the Weisheng ship, and all the stations were plastered with welcome slogans, and the warships parked at Xiaguan all fired salutes to express their welcome. Nanjing has also arranged for the deputy commander. It was also announced by the government, and all ministries, provinces, and municipalities used "present" to express their respect for the deputy commander. However, ordinary people in Nanjing did not expect that when he attended the report on the internal and foreign affairs of Northeast China, he spoke thoroughly and in detail, and even Hu Hanmin praised him as extraordinary after all. After the change of banner, the Central Party Department planned to elect him as a member of the Central Committee, but because he was not old enough, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee at the age of 30 this year. The government elected him to the council.
He lived in Nanjing for more than a month, banqueting the heads of various academies and entertaining reporters, all in a joyful atmosphere, occasionally traveling with Song Ziwen to Jin, Jiao, enjoying the victories in the south of the Yangtze River, and then returning north. He first lived in Tianjin, and then returned to Shenyang for the New Year in 1931. Wang Shuhan's civil official, Liu Shangqing's Minister of the Interior, and Liu Yifei's Chairman Chahar were all published during this period.
After returning to Shenyang, the Northeast elected a representative of the National Assembly. During the election campaign, several professors at Northeastern University won a large number of votes, and some people who were unwilling to lose told him that these professors were suspected of monopolizing the election and had lost the true spirit of the election. Zhang Xueliang invited professors Sun Guofeng, Wang Xizhen and others from Dongda University into the mansion, and charged them with the idea of not having a view of the door and the dispute between friends. The argument that everyone who had studied in Europe and the United States, of course, was elected by the people and that they should run for election made him furious, and threw a pen and paper at them, and told them to write a will and prepare to be put to death. Everyone urged Wang Shuhan to come to the house and said earnestly: You can't do this. In his original department, he deliberately made it to spread the word to Nanjing, so that they would know that the election in the northeast was not like Nanjing's falsification of public opinion, and that he was engaged in tricks such as delineation and assignment. Of course, this favor was approved, but he did not force Sun Guoshu and others to write a will, but also comforted them and asked them to return to a legitimate election. But he later regretted his deplorability.
After the national representatives are selected, they report to work. In May 1931, Zhang Xueliang went to Nanjing to attend the National Conference, which gave a special welcome to the delegates from Northeast China. The case submitted by the Northeast deputies was passed. When all the photos were taken after the meeting, there was a vacancy for Zhang Xueliang in the middle, and it happened that the Panchen came, and he pulled the Panchen between him and Chiang Kai-shek.
Song Ziwen was very good to him and chose to be a brother of the alliance. Zhang had dinner at Song's house. Because I ate too many mangoes, my stomach became inflamed and turned into typhoid fever, and I fell ill in bed when I returned to Beiping. Because of the treatment of Union Hospital, he was out of danger. In the process of gradual recovery, the newspapers run by the Japanese in Shenyang spread rumors, disturbing the people of Northeast China. In the end, the "Xinmin Evening News" published a photo of him recovering from his illness in Union Hospital, and rumors began to spread.
On the night when he recovered from his illness and was discharged from the hospital, he went to the Kaiming Theater to watch Mei Lanfang's performance of Farewell My Concubine, and used it to comfort the depression of being hospitalized for a long time. I didn't know that the distress was even greater, and that night Shenyang called, the Japanese soldiers were attacking the Beidaying, and the chief of staff Rong Zhen asked for instructions. After he returned home, he immediately telegraphed Chiang Kai-shek for instructions, so that Chief of Staff Rong could be ordered to do so.
Since he took over the military and political power in Northeast China, there has not been a single thing that has not made the Japanese look blushing. The old unsolved cases could not be resolved, and the new Kimura negotiations could not satisfy their demands. The Japanese may say to him: Don't make branches, it's hard to make vines. Especially in Japan, the soldiers are more impetuous, want to open up the territory, and want to make meritorious deeds. With "918" as an experiment, if we win, we will continue to make progress, and if we do not win, we will continue to make progress, and if we do not win, we will treat it as a local event that can be ended at any time. Coincidentally, the Nanjing Central Committee at that time did not order resistance and waited for the central government to handle it. The Japanese army was able to gain an inch without resistance, and in a few days it occupied the northeast.
After Chief of Staff Rong received the order not to resist, he conveyed to Wang Yizhe of the 7th Brigade of Beidaying to retreat to Dongshanzuizi. By dawn, the Japanese had occupied the outskirts of Shenyang, and the air force had not yet taken off. It took 14 years for the Northeast to fall into the hands of the Japanese army, and the central government in Nanjing did not advocate the War of Resistance against Japan, and it was always resolved diplomatically. In the September 18 Incident in Northeast China, the central government in Nanjing advocated non-resistance on the one hand, and on the other hand, the public opinion of the whole country scolded him for not resisting, but he always upheld the dignity of the country and was willing to endure the pain and injustice rather than try to defend it.
The Japanese army occupied the Shenyang Marshal's Mansion, the door was open, and the looted property could not be counted. Because he had been his advisor, he had afterwards pretended to maintain friendship by loading the remaining things into wooden boxes and transporting them to Tanggu by steamer. But he never sent anyone to fetch it, and he didn't know where it was.
The Bac Ninh Road Bureau sent all the British staff to Shenyang, barely maintaining the bus connection to Shenyang. For the driving staff, it is simply risking their lives to work in front of the enemy. Received his orders to give preferential benefits in accordance with wartime regulations. Therefore, the employees are excited and patriotic, and they have been driving to Shenyang for about three months, and the civil and military employees and patriotic people in Shenyang have been able to enter the customs.
After the fall of Shenyang, the Liaoning Provisional Provincial Government was established in Jinzhou, with Mi Chunlin as the chairman. He held a meeting in Peiping and secretly announced that he had obtained the consent of Japanese Prime Minister Inukai Takeshi to use Jinzhou as a buffer zone. The two countries negotiated that the Northeast Army would regard Kannai as its second hometown, and that it would be necessary to strictly enforce military discipline and win the hearts of the people. But when the Japanese soldiers were getting carried away, how could they listen to the words of the prime minister. The Japanese army continued to attack, and Jinzhou was lost, but the army entered the pass.
After the September 18 Incident, the Chinese Government filed a complaint with the League of Nations about Japan's crime of aggression and convened a general meeting of the League of Nations in Geneva. At that time, the people of Northeast China could only listen to the government and watch the actions of the League of Nations. The League of Nations sent an investigation team headed by Lytton to China to investigate. Zhang Xueliang attached great importance to this investigation and ordered the Bac Ninh Railway Bureau to prepare a very comfortable passenger train. Each delegate has a train with a living room, bedroom, bathroom, laundry and hairdressing equipment. In the car, they were not inferior to at home, and the delegates were very satisfied, and they wanted to take this car out of Shanhaiguan, but the Japanese refused. When the investigation team was in Beiping, he personally accompanied him to Badaling to visit the Great Wall.
The Northeast Air Force has a history of more than 10 years, and it is a pity that the September 18 Incident was rushed to take off and fell to the enemy, but the patriotic-minded pilots managed to enter the customs and still threw themselves into the arms of the motherland, joined the Hangzhou Jianqiao Air School, and became the backbone of the army. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, most of them were drivers from the Northeast, which was the result of his savings and contribution to the motherland.
In the winter of 1932, Kai Duanna, Liu Duoquan, Dr. Yong and others took their own plane to Jianqiao, Hangzhou to visit the air school, and spoke to the students of the school, especially to the students from the northeast, and the students from Hangzhou carried the flag and petitioned him, asking him to step up the fight against Japan, he was very moved to accept this opinion, and said very sincerely: This will unswervingly dare to tell the day, stay in Chiang's villa by the lake for two days, and return to Beiping via Hankou.
After the 918 Incident, Zhang Xueliang was most concerned about the defense of Rehe, and the Japanese army could invade Rehe at any time. As soon as Rehe is lost, it threatens Beiping. In order to hold on to Rehe, Zhang Xueliang repeatedly asked Nanjing for planned resistance. The Nanjing government had no choice but to send Song Ziwen to inspect and save face. Zhang Xueliang personally accompanied Song Ziwen to Rehe Chengde to inspect, Song Ziwen patted his chest and said: You are fighting the war, and the military expenses are wrapped in Yu's body. In the midst of their busy schedules, some people entered the palace to visit, and they still found that there was equipment to make "white noodles", which was really embarrassing for the Northeast people.
Tang Yulin, the commander of Rehe, is a person who has no courage and forgets his righteousness. He forgot the responsibility of the country for the sake of his father, and put the first direct battle, Tang Zeng said like acting: Go and capture Wu Peifu alive, because the enemy will return with a cannon. Zhang Xueliang actually asked Tang to guard Rehe, which is really ridiculous. If you want to change people, you are afraid that Tang will surrender to Japan. But selling tobacco and making white face, as early as in the cave, he couldn't do it early, so before the Japanese soldiers arrived, he abandoned the armor and fled, losing the face of the northeasterners. It is not possible to blame Song Ziwen for breaking his promise, if he had sent someone with courage to guard Rehe, the city would have perished and died, so that the Japanese and Nanjing would have seen how glorious it was, and Jiang would have no words to tell him to go into the wilderness.
Tang Zhi abandoned the city and fled, which was beyond his expectations, and he hurriedly sent troops to block Gubeikou. Zhuge Liang misused Ma Tan, but Ma was still defeated and lost the street pavilion. Today, Tang Yulin lost the river without a fight, which is the evil result of his knowing people but failing to do a good job. Chiang Kai-shek took advantage of this to maintain his own position and telegraphed Zhang Xueliang to Baoding for talks, and Chiang took a special car to Shijiazhuang, first sent Song Ziwen to Baoding, and explained to Zhang that he wanted to ask him to go down to the field to ease the air in the country, and he readily agreed. Jiang's special car drove to Baoding and had an interview with Zhang. After Zhang Xueliang returned to Beiping, he was powered to go into the field. The next day, I took a plane to Shanghai and stayed at No. 181 Fuzhao Road to get rid of drug addiction.
I lived in Shanghai for more than a month and made preparations for going abroad. Before leaving, the generals were instructed not to come all the way to Shanghai to see them off. On the Nanjing side, Wu Tiecheng and Song Ziwen were quite courteous, and the shipping space was set on the Italian Kang Yi Russell, which was the first fast ship to sail between Europe and Asia. They were accompanied by Mrs. Yu, Miss Zhao Si and their three children, as well as the advisor Duan Na, the Scottish Igag, and the translator Shen Zutong and his wife. It took only twenty days on the ship to arrive in Rome. Walking together in the room, it should not be too lonely.
As soon as he left Shanghai, Zhang Ji suddenly made a statement saying that he had taken away a few famous paintings from the Summer Palace and that they must be returned. According to the Summer Palace, which belongs to Beiping City, Mayor Zhou Dawen eagerly stated that he had borrowed a few paintings to study materials in Beiping in order to identify the authenticity. A few days later, before flying to Shanghai, he had handed over the Yu to send back to the park, and there were people who handled it as evidence, which was the end of Zhang Puquan's conversation, Zhang was an honest man in Nanjing, and it was right to take care of the country's property, but the most precious jewelry, magnets, copper, calligraphy and paintings and other famous things taken by the Kuomintang were shipped to Europe and the United States, called exhibitions, and they were not transported back, and even the 10 stone drums of the Guozijian did not know where to go, but Zhang did not hear about it, and he was alone to look at the wind and catch shadows, and he went down the well to throw stones, and he was by no means a hero of Yan Zhao.
There are many historical sites in Italy, the people are also gentle and approachable, and the minister to China Ziano has a good personal relationship, and the call is strong, so he went to Italy to live in Rome, in good health, full of spirit, he first visited the Italian plane, and then went to France to visit the air force, went to Denmark to inspect agriculture, and sent his children to study in England, and then returned to Rome, which has taken more than half a year. When he saw the strength of the countries of Western Europe, he felt that he was envious of the fish, so it was better to retreat and close the net, and the idea of returning to China was spontaneous. The consultant will return to China first for the pre-arrangement. It shows that the generals in the northeast have telegraphed him to return to China to lead, and with permission, he took a mail ship back to China. As soon as they arrived at the ship, they learned that he had been taken ashore by the customs ferry to Pudong and had already gone ashore, and they all rushed to the rented residence on Molly Ai Road to meet with them. Nearly 1,000 people were registered in the door book, which was quite a moment.
The Japanese Shibayama Kaneshiro, who had been his adviser, had personally come to Shanghai and told him that if Chiang had anything inappropriate to say about him, if he planned to leave, he would have a warship on the riverside, which he could use at will. He is wholeheartedly patriotic, and he will not hesitate to sacrifice anything, so he is willing to go on the Japanese warship, and Wang Shu is often sent to thank him politely.
After Zhang Xueliang returned to China, Chiang Kai-shek sent him to serve as the deputy commander-in-chief of the "suppression of bandits" in Henan, Hubei and Anhui provinces to fight the civil war. Although Zhang felt that things backfired, he had to reluctantly accept it, but he thought that he should be calm and impatient, and one day he would finally achieve the goal of saving the country. He once published that if he fought against Japan, he immediately ran to the front line, willing to be a famous soldier. Let's take a look at He Yingqin's signing of the "Tanggu Agreement" after he went abroad. lost his power and humiliated the country, and was scolded by the countrymen, which gave him a serious vigilance. He immediately went to Hankou to take up a job. The office was first set up in the Bank Association, and then moved to the old governor's yamen of Wuchang. In addition to going to the public every day, he was busy meeting with the generals of the Northeast Army who came to meet him. Chiang Kai-shek was not at ease with him, and sent Qian Dajun as chief of staff, and the two did not have the slightest friction. Zhang Xueliang spent more than a year in Wuhan and transferred most of the Northeast Army to the interior to participate in the suppression of the Communist Party. In the summer of 1934, Chiang Kai-shek transferred the generals of the Northeast Army to Lushan for training, and Zhang Xueliang also lived in Guling and spoke at the Lushan Training Corps.
Sometimes Tongduanna climbs the mountain, and his feet are very strong.
At this time, Japan was very frenzied, devouring Northeast China, and in accordance with the "Tanggu Agreement", it specialized North China, which was not enough, and also pressed Nanjing to prevent China from making anti-Japanese speeches and movements. Du Chongyuan, who is from the Northeast, went to Shanghai Prison for a gossip about the emperor. Du was a student in Japan, played an important role in the Foreign Affairs Association, and was also an anti-Japanese activist, because he was quite compatible with him, and urgently sought to rescue him, but was rejected by Chiang, and was quite sad, and sent people to visit and comfort him in prison, but there was no other way to save Du, so he had to listen to nature.
In 1935, when he attended a conference in Nanjing, he met Wang Jingwei as he was getting started, and spotted the Assassin, who bravely flew up and kicked the Assassin's pistol off the spot. At this time, in the midst of the noise, Chiang's entourage shot the assassin to death, leaving him dead. His act of saving people in distress is really selfless and selfless, which is really admirable. Later, some people admired his bravery, while others said that he inadvertently violated Chiang's will.
In October 1935, Zhang Xueliang was reappointed as the deputy commander-in-chief of the "Suppression Chief" in the northwest and moved to Xi'an, Yu Xuezhong was transferred to Gansu as chairman, and the Northeast Army was also transferred to Shaanxi and Gansu, preparing to enter the Red Army that had arrived in northern Shaanxi.
Northeasterners who are home everywhere also followed. He once built the Northeast New Village, so that these people have a place to live, and at the same time, he also took into account that there is a place to bury the dead, and he ordered Gao Jiyi to prepare for the Northeast Yiyuan in Beiping. High fundraising of 100,000 yuan, bought Wang Huaiqing, Shao Ying two gardens slightly repaired, in 1936 to invite the official opening, until now the Northeast people of ancient Beijing can have a place to be buried. At the same time, 50,000 yuan was allocated to Zhang Zuoxiang in Tianjin, although he purchased a piece of land, but unfortunately it was not built, and the money was deposited in the bank, and it was gone.
The Northeast Army was transferred to the northwest to fight against the Eighth Route Army and collapsed two divisions, and the total casualties on both sides were indeed a huge loss in external strength. He believed that the fratricidal civil war could not be delayed any longer. Chiang also clamored that if you want to go outside, you must first settle inside, that is, you must resolutely fight a civil war. Only then did he become deeply vigilant that he had to do the anti-Japanese thing himself. At this time, he had made contact with the CCP in northern Shaanxi and had secretly met with the CCP dignitaries in Xianyang. According to Premier Zhou, he once gave the Communist Party 20,000 yuan, which had a great effect at that time.
The National Salvation Association was organized in Xi'an, and Gao Chongmin, Che Xiangchen, Chen Xianzhou, Li Youwen, Yan Baohang, Lu Guangji, Zhou Jingwen, and Du Chongyuan were all stalwarts, and the anti-Japanese movement to save the country was soon launched. He first founded two periodicals, "Northwest Xiangdao" and "Northwest Culture". He also wanted to move all the "Morning News" in Beiping to Xi'an, but Song Zheyuan blocked him, so he only dismantled and transported one machine and published the "Xijing Daily" to call for resistance against Japan. Northeastern University also moved to Xi'an, and the students were particularly excited, and the anti-Japanese movement played a great role.
Yan Daogang, chief of staff of the Xi'an General Headquarters, was named chief of staff, but he was actually a supervisor of the army, and everything was hindered, so that the friction between him and Chiang was increasing day by day, and there was no hope for the anti-Japanese matter. He believed that he had to make up his mind to make a painful statement to Chiang and implement his proposal. The first time, in the summer of 1936, he flew to Nanjing, where he briefly elaborated on the theory of resistance against Japan, and Chiang was determined to fight a civil war, and of course he would not approve of it.
The second time Jiang did his 50th birthday in Luoyang, most people laughed and gave a big speech. He secretly talked about joint resistance against Japan, of course, but was refuted by Chiang's stern words, causing the rift to gradually become apparent, and Chiang Kai-shek completed his life and led the military generals to Xi'an on December 4. He led his subordinates to welcome him at the airport. After a short stay in the city, Jiang Jincheng busily went to live in Huaqingchi, and every day he met with the generals of the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army, telling them about the fallacies that the Communist Party was now forced to retreat to a corner and that its strength was limited, and that it would not be difficult to eradicate such falsehoods as it was painfully suppressed. The generals were impatient.
At this time, the students in Xi'an heard that Jiang was coming, and they automatically formed a large group to march in the city to petition for Lintong. The student brigade was halfway through and was persuaded by him to return. He swore that he would ask for it for everyone. In the past few days, he has continued to go to Lintong to present his feelings to Jiang, which is more thorough and detailed than what he said in Nanjing and Luoyang. However, Chiang was obsessed with the fact that he must first exterminate the Communist Party, and finally said that there was no room for turnaround, so he decided to use military advice. So he directed Lintong to catch Jiang.
In the Battle of Huaqingchi, Qian Dajun was injured in the brain, and Mao Yuli, Jiang Xiaoxian and many gendarmes were killed. At the same time, there was an unfortunate incident, that is, Sun Weiru, who belonged to the 17th Route Army, killed Shao Yuanchong and injured Hu Ruoyu in the Xi'an Guest House.
He went to Xincheng several times a day, and very warmly hoped that Chiang would lead the resistance against Japan, but Chiang was silent, and said: You have done it well, why bother to ask Yu. His residence in Xi'an was borrowed from Gao Guizi's house, which was far away from the new city and inconvenient to travel. On the afternoon of the 14th, Chiang was taken to his residence. On the same day, Duan Na flew to live in the bungalow opposite Chiang Kai-shek, and he sent his own plane to take Chiang Dingwen back to Nanjing, explaining the true situation in Xi'an, since Chiang was detained, and all parties in Nanjing had been in chaos. He Yingqin and Gu Zhutong advocated the use of force, while Song Ziwen and Kong Xiangxi advocated relaxation, and when they were anxious, they heard that Jiang Dingwen was back and knew that Jiang was still in the world, so Song Ziwen, Song Meiling, Jiang Dingwen, Dai Li, etc. came to Xi'an one after another, and Jiang also brought another pair of dentures.
Song Ziwen's brothers and sisters tried their best to relieve themselves in Xi'an, and Jiang gradually opened up and agreed to the eight proposals, but Jiang asked to return to Nanjing before they could be implemented. Song Ziwen's brother and sister also verbally promised that it would be carried out, and there was no malice. At this time, under the leadership of Gao Chongmin, all the factions in the northeast organized a congress to release Chiang, and they all said that Chiang was a person who did not care about his faith, and in particular, Bao Wenyue loudly said that politics and morality cannot be compared, and that he could not be sent back to Nanjing with a very empty word "promise." This became a unanimous proposition. However, at about 4 p.m. on December 25, he arrived at the airport with Chiang and prepared to go to Nanjing.
After he arrived in Nanjing, he stayed for three days, and the government organized a military trial. Lu Zhonglin was also listed as a member of the committee, and according to Lu, he generously admitted in court that he had used the army to help the chairman of the committee in order to resist Japan and save the country, and this was completely his personal proposition and behavior, and he had nothing to do with others and was sentenced to 10 years in prison by the military court. This is the end of the recounting of General Zhang's deeds.
(August 10, 1959)
*The author has served as Zhang Xueliang's adjutant general, adjutant director, Fengtian Provincial Police Commissioner, Liaoning Provincial Public Security Administration Director, and Bac Ninh Railway Administration.
Selected Manuscripts of Cultural and Historical Materials: Xi'an Incident/Edited by the Committee of Cultural and Historical Materials of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.—Beijing: China Literature and History Publishing House, 2002.8