The labor trumpet is referred to as "trumpet", which is often called "shouting trumpet" in the north and "shouting trumpet" in the south. The trumpet is a folk song that directly accompanies manual labor and closely matches the rhythm of labor. It is produced in the process of labor, directly serves the production of labor, truly reflects the labor conditions and the spiritual outlook of the laborers, and its musical image is rough and heroic, solid and powerful, and is an indispensable organic part of some manual labor.
The labor horn is a folk song produced and applied to labor, which has the practical function of coordinating and directing labor. In the process of labor, especially in the labor of strong collective cooperation, in order to unify the pace, regulate the breathing, and release the pressure of the body's weight, the worker often shouts or shouts. These shouts and shouts were gradually beautified by the working people and developed into the form of songs. From the simple and rhythmic call sign in the initial labor, it has developed into a song form with rich lyrics and complete tunes, and the labor horn embodies the wisdom and strength of the working people, and shows the optimism and fearless heroism of the working people through the labor horn.
The labor horn is a kind of oral improvisation that is directly related to production activities, the tune is relatively simple, the rhythm is strong and powerful, there is a collar and a combination, and the frustration is distinct. The content is free to play according to the characteristics of labor.
The singing method of the trumpet is mainly the "collar, together" style, that is, one person leads, everyone joins, or everyone leads, everyone joins. The singing forms of labor trumpets include solo, duet, and unison, but leading the crowd is the most common and typical way of singing, and the leader is often the conductor of collective labor. The lead part is often the main statement part of the lyrics, and its music is more flexible and free, with improvisational changes in tunes and lyrics, and the melody often rises, or is relatively high-pitched and loud, with the characteristics of calling and calling; Most of the harmony parts are lined words or repeated fragments of the lyrics in the lead singing, the music is more fixed, there are fewer changes, and the rhythm pattern is strong, and the repetition of the same music or the same rhythm pattern is often used.
As one of the main genres of folk songs, the labor horn was produced as early as the primitive times when people began to engage in collective labor, and it was not until a certain machine replaced a certain collective labor in modern society that it gradually disappeared. For thousands of years, it has accompanied the working masses in the struggle against nature and played a huge social function, creating one miracle after another of human beings overcoming nature. At the same time, the trumpet is the earliest spiritual and artistic flower produced by the combination and collision of man and nature and labor. As such, it has eternal historical and cultural value.
There are many descriptions of labor trumpets in ancient poems, showing the kind of vigorous, agitated and rough momentum, high-spirited and courageous feelings.
The earliest labor trumpet is the "Playing Song" selected from "Wu Yue Spring and Autumn". "Playing Song" is an ancient song that reflects the hunting life of the ancestors of Wu Yue during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the whole poem is only two lines and eight characters: "Broken bamboo, continued bamboo; It means: cutting down wild bamboos and connecting them to make bows, and firing mud bombs to hunt down prey. When humming, the tone is short and powerful, the rhythm is bright, and the ancient tone needs to be added with modified tones and drags, which can show the sonorous and heroic spirit.
There is also a song "Song of Striking Kik", which is a ballad recorded in the pre-Qin period: "Composed at sunrise." Daily income. Sink a well and drink. Plough the fields and eat. What is Dili to me? The whole poem is only 23 words, reflecting the frank and unrestrained lifestyle of the ancestors in the ancient Yaoshun era.
In the earliest collection of poems in the mainland, the Book of Songs, there are many poems that express the labor trumpet, such as the song of picking mulberry ("Wei Feng Between Ten Mu"), the song of choosing vegetables ("Zhou Nan Qiao"), the harvest song ("Zhou Song, Liangyun"), the harvest song ("Zhou Song, Harvest Year"), and the sheep song ("Xiao Ya, No Sheep"). The most typical is "National Style, Wei Feng, and Cutting Tan": "Kankan is cutting Tanxi, and the river is dry." The river is clear and rippling. If you don't have any crops, you won't be able to harvest 300 grains, and if you don't hunt or hunt, you will have a county and a gentleman, and you won't be a vegetarian!" This is the labor cry of the lumberjacks shouting happily to the rhythmic sound of logging, which is not only a praise for the creation of wealth by labor, but also a mockery of the exploiters who do not work hard.
Ancient poets also often described the scene of laborers shouting trumpets in their poems, and praised the beauty of labor. The Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai wrote a group of poems "Qiupu Song", the fourteenth of which praises the smelting workers: "The furnace fire illuminates the heaven and the earth, and the red stars are chaotic with purple smoke." On a moonlit night, the song moves the cold river. "The furnace fire is burning, the red stars are splashing everywhere, the purple smoke is steaming, and the vast world is illuminated by the red fire. On a moonlit night, the smelters sang and worked at the same time, and their singing broke the silence of the night and shook the cold river.
The Northern Song Dynasty poet Wang Yuyan wrote five folk songs in the style of "Qitian Ci", one of which is: "Everyone works together to slash the face, and listen to the Tian singer Mo Xian." Each is willing to plant thousands of so, and the beans and ears are full of green mountains. Such plain and straightforward poems can be sung not only by literati and scholars, but also by peasants when they are working. Therefore, the fifth wrote: "The drum and flute music of the field is bustling, and there is no singing voice but no words." Since then, the business has been a story, and the mountains are full of singing poems. ”
The Southern Song Dynasty poet Fan Cheng wrote 60 poems "Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellaneous", describing the different scenery of the countryside in four seasons and the living conditions of farmers, one of which describes the scene of harvesting rice: "The mud mirror surface of the new construction field is flat, and every family beats rice while the frost is sunny." There was a light thunder in the laughter and singing, and the flail sounded until dawn all night. This busy and lively labor scene reflects the joy of a good harvest.