#精品长文创作季#
When a person grows older, he will pay more and more attention to his or her own pension issues.
With the development of the country's economic level, China's medical and pension insurance systems have also improved. From the previous raising of children to prevent old age to the current government pension, more people are paying more and more attention to the pension issue.
Since the early 50s, the mainland has been providing basic living security for the elderly who have reached the statutory retirement age, and has established a social pension insurance system through legislation. With decades of development, the pension insurance system has become more and more perfect. In 2024, the pension will be adjusted again, and the monthly pension of retirees is 3,100 yuan, is it high?
First, the system of the mainland pension insurance system
Why is the resident medical insurance, which has been hyped on the Internet some time ago, increasing every year. From $10 in 2006 to $380 now, it's risen by 300% in less than two decades. Everyone is not looking forward to the increase in the cost of medical insurance, but they are very much looking forward to the increase in pensions. There is an essential difference between the two.
Resident medical insurance is paid once a year to ensure the reimbursement and sharing of medical expenses within one year. If the pension insurance has been paid for 15 consecutive years and reaches the statutory retirement age, you can receive a pension to ensure that you have no worries about your old age in the future.
At present, the mainland's pension insurance includes the basic pension insurance for employees of enterprises and the basic pension insurance for workers and workers of government agencies and institutions. There are four forms of basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents and a new type of rural social old-age insurance.
1. Basic endowment insurance for enterprise employees
The national labor law stipulates that all employers and workers must participate in social insurance and pay social insurance premiums. The basic endowment insurance for enterprise employees includes the so-called five insurances and one housing fund, which are paid by individuals and jointly borne by enterprises. After 15 years of contributions, it can even be longer, and after reaching retirement age, you receive a monthly pension.
2. Basic endowment insurance for staff of government agencies and institutions
The staff members of government organs and institutions are those who have entered the establishment through the civil service examination, and once they enter the establishment, there will be no problem of unemployment. Then the corresponding pension treatment will also change with the change of length of service.
The pension insurance premiums of the staff of the same organs and institutions are borne by the individual and the unit to which they belong, in addition to the national unified allowance and subsidy and year-end one-time bonus, etc., and the welfare treatment is much better than that of enterprises and institutions.
That's why more and more young people are willing to take the public exam and enter the system. As long as you don't make mistakes, it means that the next half of the generation has no worries about food and clothing. After retirement, the pension received is also higher than that of other forms of participation.
3. Basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents
The state stipulates that urban and rural residents who are at least 16 years old (excluding school students) and are neither staff members of state organs and institutions, nor employees of enterprises, but social freelancers. According to their ability, this group of people can participate in the resident pension insurance in the place of household registration.
The basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents is paid according to different grades, which is composed of three parts: individual payment, collective subsidy and government subsidy. If you choose a different grade, you will receive a different pension in the future. According to the principle of paying more and receiving more, paying less and receiving less, it is flexible to choose and facilitate payment.
4. New rural social endowment insurance
The new type of rural social endowment insurance, also referred to as the New Rural Cooperative Medical System, refers to rural residents who have reached the age of 16 (excluding school students). They also buy endowment insurance according to their own ability, and there are 12 different grades of insurance, and they pay according to different grades.
NCMS is a new type of social endowment insurance composed of individual contributions, collective subsidies and government subsidies in order to ensure the life of rural residents in old age. At the same time, special groups will be exempted or exempted, or government subsidies will be provided to ensure the old-age life of rural residents.
Second, the calculation method of endowment insurance
No matter what kind of pension method it is, what everyone is most concerned about is how much money can be received each month after retirement? Are all insurance methods the same or are there certain differences?
In fact, no matter which way to participate in the insurance, the pension is divided into two parts: the personal account part and the overall part. The funds in the personal account can be received or inherited under special circumstances, but the funds in the overall account are owned by the state and cannot be withdrawn or inherited.
The payment base of employees of enterprises and institutions is generally determined by the average monthly salary of the employees themselves in the previous year. If the monthly salary of the employee is less than 60% of the average monthly salary of local employees, 60% of the average monthly salary of the local employee shall be used as the payment base. If it is higher than the monthly average of local employees, the payment base shall be based on a few percent.
8% of the individual payment rate is fully credited to the individual account, and 16% of the unit payment rate is fully credited to the overall account. The minimum duration of coverage is 15 years, and the maximum is calculated based on the pre-retirement age.
At present, there are three ways to calculate the basic endowment insurance: the new method for newcomers, the method for middle-aged people, and the old method for the elderly. The new method for newcomers refers to the newcomers who have joined the work since 1997, and the method for the middle of the people refers to the work before 1997. Persons who retired after 1997 refer to those who retired before 1997.
The pension of retirees prior to 1997 was calculated by multiplying the total pre-retirement salary by the number of years of service at retirement. That is, the more you contribute to the country, the higher your retirement salary.
The retirement pension of retirees who entered the workforce after 1997 consists of two parts: the basic pension and the personal account pension. Among them, the basic pension is based on the sum of the average monthly salary of the province's on-the-job employees in the previous year plus the average monthly contribution salary of the index, divided by 2, multiplied by the payment period, and then multiplied by 1%.
The personal account pension is the amount of personal account savings divided by the number of months. To put it simply, the higher the billing base and the longer the number of years of contributions, the higher the pension will be. Suppose the average local salary is 4,000 yuan, and the individual has paid 15 years of pension insurance, and retires at the age of 60. According to the above formula, you can basically calculate the pension you receive each month.
Personal account pension: 4000×60%×8%×12×15÷170≈203 yuan
基础养老金=（4000+4000×60%）÷2×15×1%=489元
Pension received every month = personal account pension + basic pension = 203 + 489 = 689 yuan. That is, after paying for 15 years, each person can receive 689 yuan after retirement. Of course, this is only an approximate calculation, and the average monthly salary is different in each province. There is also a pension personal account that will generate interest every year, so the pension has a lot to do with the payment period, the payment base, the retirement age and the regional economy.
In addition to the calculation method of individual accounts and overall accounts, the basic pension of government agencies and institutions is the same as that of employee pensions, and there is also a supplementary pension. Therefore, the pension is relatively high.
The basic pension for urban and rural residents and the basic pension insurance for rural residents are divided into 12 grades, and they can choose different grades of payment according to their own ability. Similarly, retirement consists of two parts: a basic pension and a personal account pension.
Among them, the basic pension is determined by the local government according to the local economic development level, and the basic pension is also different depending on the level of economic development in different places. Whereas, the personal account pension is the total amount stored in the personal account divided by 139. The calculation is simple, and the individual can calculate the pension according to the level of contributions.
3. Pension adjustment method
On March 5, 2024, the government labor report announced that the basic pension of retirees will continue to increase in 2024, and the retirement salary of some retirees will reach 3,100 yuan.
The degree of pension adjustment is mainly determined by the country's economic development level, and it is adjusted from three aspects: fixed adjustment, linkage adjustment and tilt adjustment.
The so-called fixed adjustment is to increase part of the basic pension. The linkage adjustment is based on the retiree's contribution period and the retiree's lifespan. There is also a tilt adjustment to give appropriate pensions to some special retirees, such as elderly retirees, retirees in difficult and remote areas, etc.
It is not difficult to find that the amount of adjustment mainly depends on the local economic level, payment situation, as well as length of service, age, etc. For example, the fixed adjustment is 50 yuan, and the pension increase is 1%, which is equivalent to an increase of 2 yuan for each full year, and an additional 40 yuan for elderly retirees.
According to this calculation, the adjustment will not be too large, so the retirement salary will reach 3,100 yuan, which is not too high. According to the calculation formula, it is equivalent to an increase of dozens of yuan in the previous year. According to the local consumption level, this increase is not too high, and it can only maintain a basic standard of living.
summary
Pension insurance is a welfare guarantee provided by the state for residents. With the decline in the number of people and the aging of personnel, pension has become a huge project. Without government subsidies, it is difficult to rely solely on one's ability to sustain oneself later in life.
With the increase of life pressure, many young people choose to stop paying pension insurance, or it is a very dangerous behavior not to pay. The era of old age has passed, and most of the families are only children, and the pressure to survive is even greater. Without a guarantee, it's hard to imagine life in old age.
Of course, the state's pension system for urban and rural residents and rural residents' pension insurance should be adjusted according to the actual situation. According to the minimum payment standard, urban and rural residents need to pay about 12,000 yuan per year, and rural residents need to pay about 3,000 yuan per year. This is a significant expense, and it is even more difficult for the average unemployed. Therefore, it is also necessary to improve the system, so that more people can participate in the insurance.