The original theory and material of corner boron nitride optical crystal, the powerful engine of green energy, the 300 MW class F heavy-duty gas turbine has been assembled, and the "Bei Brain No. 2" intelligent brain-computer system has expanded the boundaries of "heart and soul......
On the morning of April 25, the opening ceremony of the 2024 Zhongguancun Forum Annual Conference focused on ten innovative, forward-looking and disruptive major scientific and technological achievements, involving basic research, cutting-edge technologies, scientific and technological infrastructure and other aspects.
01
Zhongguancun World-Leading Science and Technology Park Construction Plan (2024-2027)
Issued by: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing Municipal People's Government
At the opening ceremony, the "Zhongguancun World-Leading Science and Technology Park Construction Plan (2024-2027)" was released (for details of the plan, please see: Blockbuster! "Zhongguancun World-Leading Science and Technology Park Construction Plan (2024-2027)" was issued).
General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the innovation and development of Zhongguancun and emphasizes the need to accelerate the construction of a world-leading science and technology park. In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Beijing Municipal People's Government jointly issued the "Zhongguancun World-Leading Science and Technology Park Construction Plan", focusing on the concept of leading original innovation, talent development, first-class enterprises, high-end industries, and open innovation ecology to take the lead, deploy 50 key tasks in five aspects, and launch a new batch of major policies and reform measures, so as to build Zhongguancun into the main position of the construction of Beijing International Science and Technology Innovation Center. It is a breakthrough in the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, a leader in China's high-quality development, and a key hub of the global innovation network, contributing to the construction of Chinese-style modernization.
02
Full analog optoelectronic intelligent computing chip
Issued by: Ministry of Science and Technology, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Tsinghua University
In the AI era, optical computing technology, which replaces "electricity" with "light" as the information processing carrier, has become an important technical core of artificial intelligence chips. Dai Qionghai's team at Tsinghua University broke through the physical bottleneck in the traditional chip architecture and developed the world's first fully analog optoelectronic intelligent computing chip. The chip has the characteristics of high speed and low power consumption, and the computing power in intelligent visual object recognition tasks is more than 3,000 times that of the current high-performance commercial chips, and the energy efficiency is increased by 4 million times.
03
Artificial intelligence has achieved a series of results
Issued by: New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Research Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology, China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park Management Committee
With the rapid evolution of generative artificial intelligence (AIGC) technology, multiple 100-billion-parameter base models have been released, the scale of users is leading in China, and the ability to understand the context of long texts has been continuously enhanced. The application of AI Agent has gradually expanded, and the potential of embodied intelligence has begun to appear, and the Wensheng music model has been launched for the first time in China, and the generation time and quality have been greatly improved.
"Tongtong" looks no different from an ordinary little girl, but her identity is not ordinary. She is the world's first general intelligent human developed by the Beijing Institute of General Artificial Intelligence, and is a prototype of an embodied AGI system driven by value and causality. "Tongtong" is designed with the original cognitive architecture theoretical framework as the top-level design, supported by the self-developed domestic learning and reasoning framework, with human-like values, and can be driven by the value system to independently generate tasks. "Tongtong" also has physical and social knowledge in complex and dynamic scenarios, and ensures the efficient execution of complex and long-chain tasks through embodied intelligence.
After testing, "Tongtong" has reached the intelligence level of 3~4-year-old children, and is continuing to grow and iterate. With the continuous iteration of "Tongtong", it can not only be used as a general base to support various vertical application scenarios and form tens of millions of "general intelligent people" to empower thousands of industries, but also can be combined with embodied intelligent robots to bring revolutionary changes to intelligent manufacturing, smart cities, medical health and other fields.
04
Original theory and material of corner boron nitride optical crystal
Issued by: Ministry of Education, Peking University
Laser technology is an important cornerstone of modern scientific and technological civilization. Optical crystals are known as the "heart" of laser technology, and are the key to realizing the functions of laser frequency conversion, pulse compression, data encryption, and information processing. However, the physical theory and material system based on traditional optical crystals have been perfected, and the existing crystals are difficult to meet the new requirements of the development of laser miniaturization, high integration and functionality in the future, and the development of a new generation of laser technology urgently needs innovative breakthroughs in optical crystal theory and materials.
Based on the long-term research foundation in the physics and spectrophysics of light element materials, the research team of Peking University pioneered the "interface angle phase matching theory", and used boron nitride to prepare a new type of ultra-thin and energy-efficient optical crystal for the first time, "corner rhombic boronride". With a thickness of microns, this new optical crystal is the thinnest optical crystal known in the world, but its energy efficiency is at least 100 times higher than that of traditional crystals.
This research result is an important original breakthrough in the field of optical crystals, which opens up a new design model and material system in the field of optical crystals, and is expected to achieve new application breakthroughs in quantum light sources, photonic chips, artificial intelligence and other fields.
05
Quantum cloud computing power cluster
Published by: Beijing Institute of Quantum Information Science, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua University
Quantum cloud is the key to quantum computing from the laboratory to the application, and it is of great strategic significance for the development of quantum computing algorithms, application exploration, and industrial ecological cultivation.
In 2023, the "Quantum Future-QUAFU" quantum computing cloud platform will be released. On the basis of the platform, the Beijing Institute of Quantum Information Science, together with the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua University and other teams, completed the construction of a large-scale quantum cloud computing power cluster. The large-scale quantum cloud computing cluster integrates five hundred-bit new-generation quantum computing systems with classical computing to form a cluster to work together, with more than 590 available physical bits and an average two-bit gate fidelity of more than 97%, of which the "Baihua" system is close to 99%.
The large-scale quantum cloud computing power cluster has been comprehensively upgraded in terms of measurement and control, compilation optimization, user interaction and other software, and supports advanced functions such as line weaving and variational line compilation, and the comprehensive indicators have entered the forefront of the world.
06
The final assembly of the 300 MW Class F heavy-duty gas turbine was completed
Issued by: State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, State Power Investment Corporation Limited
Heavy-duty gas turbine is the core equipment in the energy field, mainly using natural gas as fuel for power generation, with high efficiency, low emission, fast start and stop and other characteristics, widely used in ground power generation and power grid peak shaving, with an important strategic position and broad market prospects.
On February 28, 2024, the first prototype of the 300 MW F-class heavy-duty gas turbine, the largest power and highest-tech heavy-duty gas turbine independently developed by Continental, rolled off the assembly line in Shanghai Lingang, marking the first time that Continental's high-power heavy-duty gas turbine has completed the whole manufacturing process based on forward design and entered the final stage of complete machine testing and verification.
The 300 MW F-class heavy-duty gas turbine that rolled off the assembly line this time, developed by the State Power Investment Corporation and composed of five major systems and more than 50,000 components, will become an important force in driving the development of high-end equipment manufacturing industry and play an important role in ensuring the mainland's energy security and green development.
07
The third-generation "Xiangshan" RISC-V open-source high-performance processor core
Issued by: Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Open Source Chip Research Institute
In recent years, the open source instruction set RISC-V is accelerating a new wave of change in processor chip technology and industry, providing a new path for mainland processor chips to go global.
The third-generation "Xiangshan" open-source high-performance RISC-V processor core developed by the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Beijing Open Source Chip Research Institute is the first processor core jointly developed in the world based on the open source model and using agile development methods. With a frequency of 3GHz@7nm and a SPECINT2006 score of 15 points/GHz, the performance level has entered the first echelon in the world, which can be widely used in high-end chip fields such as server chips, AI chips, GPUs, and DPUs, providing open source and shared common base technologies for the advanced computing industry.
As one of the most concerned open source hardware projects in the world, "Xiangshan" has not only been widely used by the industry, but also become an important platform to support the academic community to experiment with innovative ideas.
08
Analysis and application of saline-alkali tolerance mechanism of crops
Published by: Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Soil salinization will not only cause a serious reduction in crop yields, but also damage the ecological environment. At present, the area of saline-alkali land in mainland China is as high as 100 million hectares, accounting for nearly 1/10 of the total area of saline-alkali land in the world, and the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land has risen to a major national strategic demand.
At present, the research methods of plant salt tolerance in the world are relatively mature and the research efforts are concentrated, and many achievements have been made, but the mechanism of plant (crop) alkali tolerance is still poorly understood. A research team from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has discovered for the first time an important salt-alkali tolerance regulatory gene, AT1, which can significantly improve the salinity tolerance of a variety of crops by manipulating sorghum originating from barren land in central Africa. The regulatory mechanism of AT1 is also applicable to rice, maize and millet, which are the main food crops.
On the basis of major theoretical breakthroughs, the cooperative team carried out saline-alkali tolerance breeding and improvement of sorghum to achieve a significant increase in yield. This achievement was selected as one of the "Top Ten Advances in Chinese Science" in 2023.
09
"Beibrain No. 2" intelligent brain-computer system
Issued by: Beijing Institute of Brain Science and Brain-like, Beijing Xinzhida Neurotechnology Co., Ltd
If you could control your actions with your mind, what would you want to do?
Jointly developed by the Beijing Institute of Brain Science and Brain-like Research and Beijing Xinzhida Neurotechnology Co., Ltd., "Bei Brain No. 2" provides us with a new possibility. As an invasive brain-computer interface solution, based on the self-developed high-throughput flexible microfilament neural electrodes, thousand-channel high-speed neuroelectrical signal acquisition equipment, and generative neural decoding based on feedforward control, "Beinao-2" realizes the brain-controlled interception of two-dimensional moving targets by macaques through mind control for the first time in the world, solving the international frontier problem of long-term stable recording and real-time decoding of large-scale single-cell signals. This system has been stably implanted in the skull of monkeys for nearly a year, and the key indicators of electrode performance are internationally leading.
10
A series of internationally leading achievements have been made in major scientific and technological infrastructures
Issued by: National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
The major national scientific and technological infrastructure, also known as the large scientific installation, is of great significance for enhancing the mainland's original innovation capability and building a world scientific and technological power. At present, the mainland has laid out 77 major scientific and technological infrastructures in various fields, which have been continuously completed and put into operation, providing strong support for the continuous emergence of innovative scientific research achievements in the mainland.
Located in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou Province, the "China Sky Eye" 500-meter aperture spherical radio telescope FAST is the world's most sensitive single-aperture spherical radio telescope, which has opened our eyes for exploring the mysteries of space.
For a long time, the theory of the evolution of spider pulsars from the "redback" system to the "black widow" system has not been fully confirmed due to the limited performance of observation equipment. Based on the ultra-high sensitivity of FAST, the scientific research team of the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences detected a pulsar binary star system named M71E for the first time, and after long-term observation, it was determined that the two stars of this system orbited for only 53 minutes, which is the shortest pulsar binary system found so far. At the same time, it is determined to be in the middle of the evolution process from the "red back" system to the "black widow" system, which fills the missing link in the evolution theory of spider pulsars and provides direct evidence for the evolution theory of pulsar binary. The results were published in Nature.
The same "Lasso", which captures cosmic signals, also brings good news.
A research team from the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) detected the brightest gamma-ray burst ever based on the High Altitude Cosmic Ray Observatory (LHAASO) (Lasso), with a maximum energy of more than 10 trillion electron volts. The results challenge the traditional standard radiation model of gamma burst afterglow and reveal that the cosmic background light is less intense than expected in the infrared band. At the same time, the energy spectrum provides important information for new physics research such as testing the application range of Einstein's theory of relativity and exploring the candidate particle of dark matter, the axon. The results were published in Science Advances and selected as one of the "Top 10 Advances in Science in China" in 2023.
Fusion energy is the ultimate goal of nuclear energy development, which can make a significant contribution to the realization of the dual carbon goals, and the tokamak provides a solution to achieve stable and controllable nuclear fusion applications.
As a nuclear fusion experimental device independently designed and built by the mainland, the Eastern Superring (referred to as "EAST", commonly known as "artificial sun") is the world's first fully superconducting tokamak, and has achieved a number of major landmark achievements in international tokamak operation. At 21:00 on April 12, 2023, the large scientific team of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully achieved 403 seconds of steady-state long-pulse high-confinement mode plasma operation based on the EAST device, creating a new world record for the high-confinement mode operation of the tokamak device. At 19:00 on April 13, the 403-second steady-state long-pulse high-confinement mode plasma operation was repeated again, marking the reliable ability of the high-parameter long-pulse steady-state operation of the EAST fully superconducting tokamak device, and laying a solid foundation for human development and utilization of clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient nuclear fusion energy.