Youth|beauty|affection|shortness
Zhu Huijun|50 Lectures on Imperial Poems:
The fashion promoter is the king of Ling
The gathering of wind and clouds and the convergence of causes and conditions often create the special fashion of an era.
In the turbulent era of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, literature and art were also surging. Following the "Seven Sons of Jian'an" and "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest", the "Eight Friends of Jingling" is unique and has created a new generation of literary style. Its main promoter is Xiao Ziliang, the grandson of Emperor Xiao Daocheng of Qi Gao and the king of Jingling.
This 34-year-old prince (460-494) had a tumultuous life. He served as the Taishou of Danyang during the reign of Emperor Gao of Qi, and was named the King of Jingling during the reign of Emperor Wu of Qi, and the official worshiped Situ. Because of his belief in Buddhism, he was more sympathetic to the suffering of the people during his political tenure. Whenever there was a famine, he went to the imperial court, asking for the opening of the warehouse to release grain, and to reduce taxes, which was deeply loved by the people. Originally, he was indifferent to fame and fortune, but because of his growing prestige and the ambitious Wang Rong (the sixth grandson of Wang Dao and one of the eight friends of Jingling), he was almost put on the throne. If it weren't for Xiao Yan, who was in charge of the palace guards, he would have defected, Xiao Ziliang would have been the third emperor of Southern Qi. As a result, he missed the throne, so he died of fear.
In terms of his contribution to the development of Chinese culture, Xiao Ziliang has made three major contributions:
First, an important literary society was formed. Xiao Ziliang opened a west residence in Jiankang Jilong Mountain, recruited wise men, and recruited a large number of literati and artists. Among them, there are eight famous talents who are the world's leading talents and leaders: Shen Yue, a literary bigwig, Xie Wei, the founder of landscape poetry, Fan Yun, Wang Rong, Ren Fang, Xiao Chen, Lu Qi, and the famous Xiao Yan, known as the "Eight Friends of Jingling" in history. In fact, the "Eight Friends of Jingling" is only the core figure, in addition, it also attracts and condenses many literati and scholars, according to historical records, the maximum number of people is 74. They gathered under the banner of King Jingling, showed their talents, sang and harmonized with each other, and formed a literary trend that swept the south in a short time. Siu Ziliang is open-minded and approachable, creating a broad and inclusive cultural atmosphere. The exchange and collision of various ideas in Xidi promoted the benign development of culture and the prosperity of Southern Dynasty literature.
The second is to consciously implement the "Yongming style", which has laid a solid foundation for the development and maturity of poetry. During the Qi Liang period, "being good at writing for new changes" became a prominent trend, and many poets regarded the "pursuit of new changes" in poetry as their deliberate goal, which brought about rapid changes in the poetry world at that time. Xiao Zixian once said in "The Book of Nanqi: Literary Biography": "Xi plays for reason, Xi for a long time is blasphemy, care about the article, the old is in trouble, if there is no new change, you can't replace the hero", which expressed their hearts.
In the process of chasing new changes in this poetry world, Xiao Ziliang's close friends Shen Yue and Xie Wei played an important role. Shen Yue successively served as an official in the Song, Qi, and Liang dynasties, and became the prime minister and the crown prince and young master when he was Emperor Wu of Liang. He and Xie Wei co-created the "Yongming Body" and put forward the theory of "four voices and eight diseases". The so-called "four sounds" are "flat, up, going, and entering"; the so-called "eight diseases" are flat head, upper tail, bee waist, crane knee, big rhyme, small rhyme, side twist, and positive twist. The proposal of the theory of "four voices and eight diseases" greatly promoted the "new changes" in the poetry world and created conditions for the prosperity of modern poetry in the Tang Dynasty.
The third is to promote the localization of Buddhism and combine it with Confucianism and Taoism. Xiao Ziliang believed in Buddhism and built temples everywhere before Xiao Yan. But he is not partial to Confucianism and Taoism, but eclectic. When Xiao Ziliang believed in Buddhism and worshiped Buddha at the peak, Fan Jin, the author of "The Theory of Divine Annihilation", came forward to debate with him, and for a while "the government and the opposition were in an uproar", and a protracted debate began between Xiao Ziliang and Fan Jin. In his debates with Fan Jin, Xiao Ziliang always ended in "defeat", but he did not oppress others as a prime minister, and always discussed with Fan Zhen on an equal footing; his attitude towards different ideas was not to stifle them, but to debate, so that various academic ideas in the Southern Qi period could be exchanged with each other. In order to propagate Buddhism, Xiao Ziliang also commented extensively on the scriptures, and wrote hundreds of volumes of Buddhist works such as "The Pure Practice of the Pure Residence of the Son" and "Vimala Yilu".
During this period, the "Collection of the Three Tibetan Records" and the "Hongming Collection" were published, which are the earliest extant catalogs of Buddhist collections and Buddhist treatises, the "Biography of High Monks" is the earliest extant biographies of Buddhist disciples, and the "Catalogue of the Three Caves Sutras" is the earliest surviving catalogue of Taoist collections.
Before the Southern Dynasties, the culture of ancient China could be roughly divided into two major systems: one was the northern cultural system represented by Confucius and Mencius, and the other was the southern cultural system represented by Lao Zhuang. After a long period of competition, the two major cultural systems gradually moved from opposition to integration in the post-Warring States period, and finally gave birth to a unified culture in the Qin and Han dynasties. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, with the formation of the "Three Kingdoms" situation, the northern and southern cultures were in a relatively isolated state. After the "Three Kingdoms returned to the Jin Dynasty", especially after the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wars broke out, the whole China was divided, and sixteen kingdoms appeared one after another, and then the Northern and Southern Dynasties were gradually formed, and the Northern and Southern Shi clans were in a state of antagonism. Xiao Ziliang took advantage of his special status and stepped forward to open the West Mansion at this time, with a broad mind, he widely recruited talents from the northern and southern scholars. These scholars from the north and south gathered together, and gradually became close friends through a long period of running-in, which objectively promoted the integration of the northern and southern scholars and the integration of culture.
In addition, Xiao Ziliang also set up the first charity in Chinese history - the "Six Diseases Museum", which has won people's praise for doing good deeds and helping the poor.
King Jingling, who was good at literature and Buddhism, had a high reputation among the scholars and literati at that time. So, what about his own creations? History records that he has written a lot, but most of them have been lost, and now only more than 20 articles such as "Wutong Fu" remain, and the Ming people have "The Collection of the King of Jingling in the Southern Qi Dynasty" surviving.
There are also several poems in the world. His "Walking House" said:
Visit Yubei Mountain, Buju West Wilderness.
Young birds and fish, early envy of Pengai.
There is also "Visiting the Back Garden" wrote:
Entrusted to the nature of the poultry and fish, outside the leisure of the dwelling.
The path of Luo is continuous, and the pine is square.
Every time the hills and ravines are submerged, the wind and clouds will be appreciated.
It's a bit of Tao Yuanming's feeling, but it's all relatively shallow, and the vision is much narrower. This can't help but make people wonder: How can Xiao Ziliang be the leader of the literary world? Probably because of his status and character.
"Mountaineering Wanglei Jushi Jingshe and Shen Youwei under the tomb of Mr. Liu" is slightly deeper:
The Han Tomb flooded the hall, and the Jin Dynasty was lacking.
The five voices are empty, and the three rivers have been extinct for a long time.
Xingli Mai Qianying, talking about Xuan more than the past.
The bright day and night are deep, and the Huiyin is bright and extinguished.
The wall is always flat, and the smoke and clouds are calm.
Er Huan Niu Shan is sad, I mourn the death of Chuan.
His younger brother followed Wang Xiao Zilong (474-494) and also had a certain literary talent. His "Poems under the Tomb of Liu Xuan" has a certain relationship with this poem:
Shengtangzi is not wrong, and asks Yu Weixian.
How to say goodbye to the day, thousands of years of sound insulation.
The mountain gate has been extinct, and the long night is difficult to end.
The early pine cuts the twilight bird, and the new yang urges the dawn wind.
The hazel pass is dense to Wumi, and the spring road is sold empty.
The Liu Zhen (434-489) mentioned in this poem should be the "Mr. Liu" written by Xiao Ziliang, a generation of Confucianism. Xiao Ziliang mainly recounted Liu Zheng's achievements, but Xiao Zilong really told the pain of losing his sage. Compared with the two, I think Xiao Zilong's poems are better.
Xiao Zilong also has "Mountain Residence Order", which was highly respected by Li Daoyuan. It's a pity that at the age of 20, he was hated by his ambitious cousin Xiao Luan (later Emperor Qi Ming) and victimized him, otherwise, his achievements should have been greater.
Writer's Archive
Zhu Huijun, born in July 1961, is from Hunan. The first generation of the Republic of China Master of Arts, senior editor, famous literary critic.
From February 2000 to February 2014, he successively served as the deputy editor-in-chief of China Art Newspaper and China Federation of Literary and Art Circles Publishing House. He has successively served as the operation and management officer of the commune, the head of the Party School Office of the County Party Committee, the deputy director of the editorial department of "Literature and Art Study", and the director of the Periodicals Division and the Propaganda Department of the Research Office of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. He has also served as the president and editor-in-chief of the magazine "Chinese Literary and Artist".
He is the author of more than 10 books, including The Theory of the Juche of Artistic Creation (1988), and has published more than 1,000 articles. He has won more than 100 awards. Among them, "Following the Footsteps of Marxism-Leninism: Scientific Interpretation of Literature and Art and China's Contribution" (2018, 2019) is a national key book publishing planning project of the 13th Five-Year Plan and a project funded by the National Publishing Fund.
He has successively lectured on "Marxist-Leninist Literature" at the Lu Xun Academy of Literature of the China Writers Association and the Chinese Writers Century Forum, and served as a judge for the "Lu Xun Literature Award", "Golden Eagle Award", and "Literature and Art Criticism Award of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles".